In 2004, Jobs reportedly underwent a reconstructive surgery known as the Whipple operation (via Britannica). According to Mayo Clinic, the Whipple procedure also referred to as a pancreaticoduodenectomy is a risky and technically demanding surgery that is used to remove pancreatic tumors. Per WebMD, the Whipple procedure is the primary operation for an islet cell tumor that's positioned on the top of the "head of the pancreas."

The procedure involves the removal of many internal structures, including the head of the pancreas, and parts of the bile duct, gallbladder, and the beginning of the small intestine (via WebMD). Then, the remainder of the organs is reattached to the small intestine. This enables the patient to digest food post-surgery, says Mayo Clinic.

WebMD says that this surgery is particularly risky because of the risk of infection, internal bleeding, and abnormal connections between body parts. Unfortunately, Jobs was not out in the clear for long, and found himself back on the operating table a few years later.

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What We Learned About Steve Jobs' Health After His Death - Health Digest

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