Archive for the ‘Life Extension’ Category

This comprehensive Artificial Intelligence in Life Extension Market research report includes a brief on these trends that can help the businesses operating in the industry to understand the market and strategize for their business expansion accordingly. The research report analyzes the market size, industry share, growth, key segments, CAGR and key drivers.

New vendors in the market are facing tough competition from established international vendors as they struggle with technological innovations, reliability and quality issues. The report will answer questions about the current market developments and the scope of competition, opportunity cost and more.

Market Summary:

The Artificial Intelligence in Life Extension market is a comprehensive report which offers a meticulous overview of the market share, size, trends, demand, product analysis, application analysis, regional outlook, competitive strategies, forecasts, and strategies impacting the Artificial Intelligence in Life Extension Industry. The report includes a detailed analysis of the market competitive landscape, with the help of detailed business profiles, SWOT analysis, project feasibility analysis, and several other details about the key companies operating in the market.

This report studies the Artificial Intelligence in Life Extension market status and outlook of Global and major regions, from angles of players, countries, product types and end industries; this report analyzes the top players in global market, and splits the Artificial Intelligence in Life Extension market by product type and applications/end industries.

Company Coverage (Sales Revenue, Price, Gross Margin, Main Products, etc.):

Google,, Facebook, IBM, Intel, Microsoft, Gero, Deep Genomics, IBM Medical Sieve, Google DeepMind (DM) Health, Babylon Health (iOS, Android), Turbine.ai, and Insilico Medicine

The final report will add the analysis of the Impact of Covid-19 in this report Artificial Intelligence in Life Extension industry.

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Artificial Intelligence in Life Extension in its database, which provides an expert and in-depth analysis of key business trends and future market development prospects, key drivers and restraints, profiles of major market players, segmentation and forecasting. A Artificial Intelligence in Life Extension Market provides an extensive view of size; trends and shape have been developed in this report to identify factors that will exhibit a significant impact in boosting the sales of Artificial Intelligence in Life Extension Market in the near future

Scope and Segmentation of the Report

The segment analysis is one of the significant sections of this report. Our expert analyst has categorized the market into product type, application/end-user, and geography. All the segments are analyzed based on their market share, growth rate, and growth potential. In the geographical classification, the report highlights the regional markets having high growth potential. This thorough evaluation of the segments would help the players to focus on revenue-generating areas of the Vertical Farming market.

Regional Analysis

Our analysts are experts in covering all types of geographical markets from developing to mature ones. You can expect a comprehensive research analysis of key regional and country-level markets such as Europe, North America, South America, Asia-Pacific, and the Middle East & Africa. With accurate statistical patterns and regional classification, our domain experts provide you one of the most detailed and easily understandable regional analyses of the Artificial Intelligence in Life Extension market.

Competitive Landscape:

The research report also studied the key players operating in the Artificial Intelligence in Life Extension market. It has evaluated and explained the research & development stages of these companies, their financial performances, and their expansion plans for the coming years. Moreover, the research report also includes the list of planned initiatives that clearly explain the accomplishments of the companies in the recent past.

Research Methodology

The research methodology of the market is based on both primary as well as secondary research data sources. It compels different factors affecting the Artificial Intelligence in Life Extension industry such as historical data and market trends, different policies of the government, market environment, market risk factors, market restraints, technological advancements, forthcoming innovations, and obstacles in the industry.

Table Of Content

1 Report Overview

2 Global Growth Trends

3 Market Share by Key Players

4 Breakdown Data by Type and Application

5 North America

6 Europe

7 China

8 Japan

9 Southeast Asia

10 India

11 Central & South America

12 International Players Profiles

13 Market Forecast 2019-2026

14 Analysts Viewpoints/Conclusions

15 Appendix

Moreover, the research report assessed market key features, consisting of revenue, capacity utilization rate, price, gross, growth rate, consumption, production, export, supply, cost, market size & share, industry demand, export & import analysis, and CAGR.

Artificial Intelligence in Life Extension Market Key players influencing the market are profiled in the study along with their SWOT analysis and market strategies. The report also focuses on leading industry players with information such as company profiles, products and services offered financial information of last 3 years, key development in past five years.

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Artificial Intelligence in Life Extension Market Countries Analysis Report 2020 by Industry Size, Share, Growth Rate and Revenue - Latest Herald

New York, May 05, 2020 (GLOBE NEWSWIRE) -- Reportlinker.com announces the release of the report "Global Food Additives Market 2020-2024" - https://www.reportlinker.com/p03571280/?utm_source=GNW Our reports on food additives market provides a holistic analysis, market size and forecast, trends, growth drivers, and challenges, as well as vendor analysis covering around 25 vendors. The report offers an up-to-date analysis regarding the current global market scenario, latest trends and drivers, and the overall market environment. The market is driven by the rising demand for processed food, increasing complexities in the food supply chain and growing demand for home food preservation. In addition, rising demand for processed food is anticipated to boost the growth of the market as well. The food additives market analysis includes application segment, product segment, and geographic landscapes

The food additives market is segmented as below: By Application Bakery and confectionery Beverages Convenience food Snacks Others

By Product Flavors and enhancers Acidulants Colorants Sweeteners Others

By Geographic Landscapes North America APAC Europe South America MEA

This study identifies the increasing adoption of organic and natural ingredients as one of the prime reasons driving the food additives market growth during the next few years. Also, rising trend of non-GMO ingredients and shelf life extension of food products will lead to sizable demand in the market. The analyst presents a detailed picture of the market by the way of study, synthesis, and summation of data from multiple sources by an analysis of key parameters. Our food additives market covers the following areas: Food additives market sizing Food additives market forecast Food additives market industry analysis"

Read the full report: https://www.reportlinker.com/p03571280/?utm_source=GNW

About ReportlinkerReportLinker is an award-winning market research solution. Reportlinker finds and organizes the latest industry data so you get all the market research you need - instantly, in one place.

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The Global Food Additives Market is expected to grow by $ 8.86 bn during 2020-2024 progressing at a CAGR of 4% during the forecast period -...

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This paper presents a fatigue-prediction methodology designed to extend the life of unbonded flexible risers and improve the accuracy of floating production, storage, and offloading (FPSO) vessel response analysis. The methodology combines measured-motion-response, maritime-environment, and process data to improve traditional time-domain dynamic analysis models, along with machine-learning (ML) techniques to develop a heading model for the FPSO.

Life extension of unbonded flexible risers is a challenge because of uncertainties associated with key parameters driving deterioration, such as how the riser was designed, manufactured, and installed and how it is operated. Fatigue service life is calculated during the design phase using models based on field-specific environmental data derived for the area and loads for the required design conditions per project specifications and international standards.

Using real measured data from the riser motions and from environmental sources can reduce uncertainties significantly, improving life-extension analysis for fatigue and other failure drivers. These data, when combined with high-end engineering assessments and considerations on data reliability, provide better insight and contribute to continued operations with acceptable risk for the risers.

The complete paper presents a methodology that uses measured environmental data and FPSO and riser response data in an ML environment to build more-realistic riser-response and fatigue-prediction models. A case example is presented for the risers suspended from the FPSO Fluminense producing from the Bijupir and Salema fields offshore Brazil. Because FPSO heading is important for vessel dynamics, especially roll, and the vessel dynamics are a key factor in the riser dynamics at this field, initial focus was on predicting vessel heading relative to swell. The heading model developed by ML showed good agreement and was used as a key tool in a traditional fatigue analysis. This analysis was based on historical sea states from the last 2 years. The results show that the fatigue analysis from the design phase is conservative and lifetime extension is achievable.

Because the fully instrumented measurement campaign ended after 4 months, the work focused on using all captured data to provide improved insight and develop both traditional simulation and ML models. For future fatigue predictions based on the developed fatigue counter, the objective is to maintain accuracy with less instrumentation.

In the present phase, FPSO and riser-response data from the 4-month campaign have been used to establish a correlation between riser behavior, environmental data, and FPSO heading and motion. Calibration of a traditional numerical model is performed using measurement data along with a direct waves-to-fatigue prediction based on modern ML techniques.

The ongoing work illustrates how real environmental data and response monitoring can reduce uncertainties and improve and extend flexible-riser life.

The improved armor-wire-fatigue methodology developed in this project uses accurate motion-response sensors directly installed on the riser and interfacing FPSO structures. The response data are combined with measured environmental data to build more-realistic fatigue models. The objective is to develop a model that represents the real-life responses of the FPSO in various swell- and wind-driven sea states, defining with high accuracy the long-term characteristics of the riser system.

Access to high-quality environmental data for tail-end production and life-extension projects of older assets may be a challenge. Efficient use of existing environmental data improves understanding of environmental loadings. Wind, wave, and surface-current data from different sources are assessed and verified for quality and potential weaknesses under varying conditions.

Actual operational data such as topside and subsea pressures and temperatures from the production information system are used instead of design limits to increase accuracy of fatigue development. Integrating the operators process-instrumentation network and riser-status databases enables use of actual exposure conditions. Measurement data, component data, and new insight from the improved analytical models are visualized by live contextualized dashboards that provide all stakeholders with the same easy-to-access, relevant, updated, and consistent information.

The complete paper discusses environmental data and motion monitoring. Because vessel roll is a key factor for the riser bending near the hang-off where the bend stiffener is located, models need a good representation of the wind, current, swell, and vessel heading to perform reliable fatigue analysis. When high-quality field measurement data are available at good resolution, better understanding of the dynamics and model improvement is achievable within a reasonable time. However, for periods without access to environmental and motion response data, good analytical models for both vessel response and for global and local riser analysis are necessary.

Swell is important for total wave conditions in Brazilian waters and is important for roll motion, especially for free-weathervaning FPSOs. In sea states dominated by swell, good insight in the heading of the FPSO relative to the incoming swell is important. During sea states with high wind, the FPSO will align with the wind direction and may expose the vessel to beam sea swell, possibly giving higher roll motions.

A key activity in this project was to develop a heading model for the FPSO, predicting the weathervaning response from input of wind, waves, and surface current. The authors preferred approach was to use field measurement data and ML. The more data are obtained, the more the model improves. Thus far, the model is trained on average from 3-hour sea states, so, for transient conditions, inaccuracies are inevitable. The model is trained as more field measurement data become available, and significant improvements are seen from the initial models to the current model. Several different ML approaches were tested to find the best possible approach for the data set of 4 months with 3-hour statistical data, giving approximately 600 samples after 3-hour periods with nearly no motions removed.

The ML processes used for developing the heading model were also used for the prediction of FPSO and riser-motion responses. The objective was to obtain a sufficiently accurate model enabling reliable prediction of dynamic responses in time periods where no response measurements are available.

The complete paper outlines the model-training process. The ML models proved to be on the same level or better than a time-simulation model in predicting motion responses when both models were fed with similar input from the environmental conditions.

As Fig. 1 illustrates, compared with the original design analysis, the accuracies of ML predictions based on real environmental data and models trained on measured field data enable a step toward reliable dynamics in flexible-riser fatigue.

Developing a reliable online fatigue counter for the flexible-riser armor wires began with validating the available environmental data for the FPSO site. A site with a comprehensive measurement program for waves, current, and wind with good time resolution would have been preferable. However, in this project, a robust and accurate alternative was found.

This approach will be relevant for the majority of brownfield assets. Newer installations in deeper waters likely will have more onsite measurements to support integrity-management analytics.

When combining quality weather data and observations; field measurements of FPSO, turret, and riser motion; and normalized fatigue/damage curves derived from validated models, the live fatigue counter can be established. The fatigue counter will account automatically for bore pressures different from planned operational pressure, as well as environmental conditions experienced in the field. Depending upon conservatism built into the design phase, possible life extension may be achieved and documented. By forecasting planned changes to operational conditions or possible changes in annulus environments, future scenarios may be exploited efficiently by assuming that wave, wind, and current in the coming years, on average, will be similar to those of recent years.

The complete paper includes a detailed discussion of the criteria and process used to develop the fatigue counter.

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Fatigue Prediction for Extended Riser Life and Improved Vessel-Response Analysis - Journal of Petroleum Technology

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Understanding and optimizing how vapour permeability so dramatically effects the shelf-life of products in MAP packaging materials is hard. There are two approaches the head in the sand approach or practical testing. Versaperm has introduced a MAP testing service to measure the critical vapour permeability for packaging and materials based around its new high-speed testing equipment which can often turn around results within 24 hours, instead of the weeks taken by conventional testing techniques.

Vapour permeability testing has led to a four to eightfold shelf-life extension for food some products. Getting it wrong can actually reduce shelf life and quality.

Versaperm can test and measure vapour permeability not just for clients material samples but also for their packed products in their MAP packaging for virtually any type of package or configuration. Permeability can not only be measured not just for common water vapour problems but for oxygen, carbon dioxide, ethylene, and all other MAP gases.

It is important to have the ability to measure both material samples and finished products as manufacturing, sealing and packaging processes can substantially change a packages permeability.

Results are accurate in the parts per million or parts per billion ranges depending on the material and vapour. Where desired Versaperm can also control environmental conditions such as temperature and pressure, even across diurnal and seasonal cycles.

As well as its sample testing Versaperm develops and manufactures its own ranges of vapour testing equipment which are used by companies, universities, and national standards laboratories around the world.

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The Head in the Sand Approach to MAP And a product's shelf life extension - International Supermarket News

Across the globe there has been a notable uptick in consumer interest in the provenance and standards of food products, while a surge in demand for fresh produce and packaged goods means shelf life extension and stability are paramount concerns for food manufacturers.

Thats why we will be shining the spotlight on both issues in an exclusive webinar on May 12, where Dr Lan Ban, Research & Development Director at Kemin Food Technologies, will be presenting expert insights.

According to the company: Food safety is every brands number one priority while keeping product fresh for longer allows business to optimise its returns.

However, meeting consumers demands for safe and high-quality food requires extensive understanding of the chemical and biological pathways that affect products.

Thats why in this presentation, Kemin will assess how minor, yet hugely important, ingredients such as antimicrobials play a pivotal role in delaying microbial growth and preventing foodborne illness, while simultaneously ensuring brand longevity and loyalty.

Key takeaways will include an understanding of common food safety and shelf life challenges, and listeners will be equipped with toolkit for the best use of antimicrobials to solve them and boost business outcomes at the same time.

Register for the webinar here.

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Shelf-life and food safety: Hear exclusive expert insights on two of the biggest industry challenges right now - FoodNavigator-Asia.com

As parties to merger or acquisition agreements carefully review their agreements to see what, if any, impacts the COVID-19 pandemic may have, the recent decision from the U.S. District Court for the Southern District of New York inNewmont Mining Corp. v. AngloGold Ashanti Ltd.[i]provides meaningful guidance for the interpretation of Material Adverse Effect (MAE) provisions in agreements governed by New York law. On March 18, 2020, inNewmont Mining, the Southern District of New York granted summary judgment for the seller, AngloGold Ashanti, Ltd. on the buyers, Newmont Mining Corporations, claims for damages arising from the alleged breach of an MAE provision. The decision inNewmont Mining, while decided under New York law, reinforces the established principle under Delaware law that buyers face an uphill battle when trying to establish an MAE.

An MAE provision in a merger or acquisition agreement typically includes three parts: 1) the definition of an MAE; 2) exclusion from that definition; and 3) exceptions to the exclusions. This article will discuss each part in turn, and discuss theNewmont Miningcourts reasoning for granting summary judgment to the seller relating to each part. Before diving into the details, however, it is worth keeping a few general principles about the interpretation of MAE provisions in mind.

GENERAL PRINCIPALS

When determining whether there is a breach of an MAE clause courts take a seller-friendly perspective that requires a buyer to make a strong showing to invoke its rights under MAE provisions.[ii] Thus, the Delaware Chancery Court has quipped, [a] contractual material adverse effect . . . is like a . . . tornadofrequently alleged but rarely shown to exist.[iii]

Courts consider the MAE provision as a backstop protecting the [buyer] from the occurrence of unknown events that substantially threaten the overall earnings potential of the target [company] in a durationally-significant manner.[iv] As a result, courts consider whether the alleged material adverse change was within the contemplation of the parties at the time they executed the agreement, whether it was within the control of the parties, and the magnitude of the impact on the relevant partys business.[v] MAE provisions are read in the larger context in which the parties were transacting.[vi] Thus, as theNewmont Miningcourt noted, a short-term hiccup in earnings should not suffice; rather the Material Adverse Effect should be material when viewed from the longer-term perspective of a reasonable acquiror.[vii]

Lastly, while the law in New York and Delaware regarding the interpretation of MAE provisions is largely consistent, the burden of proof required differs. Specifically, under Delaware law, a buyer must prove an MAE with clear and convincing evidence, whereas, in New York, the standard is a preponderance of the evidence.[viii]InNewmont Mining, this distinction, along with factual differences, led the court to distinguishAkorn, Inc. v. Fresenius Kabi AG[ix] the 2018 Delaware Chancery Court decision that made headlines because it found the existence of an MAE sufficient to terminate a merger agreement.[x]

THE DEFINITION OF AN MAE

Agreements typically define an MAE as any event, development or condition occurring that has had, or would be reasonably expected to have, a material adverse effect on the business, financial condition or results of operations of the company and its subsidiariestaken as a whole. For example, inNewmont Mining, where the buyer acquired a gold mine (the Mine) that contained a high grade mill (the Mill) that the seller was building as part of its Mine Life Extension project (MLE2), the MAE provision in the stock purchase agreement (SPA) defined a Company Material Adverse Effect, in relevant part, as any change, effect, event, occurrence, circumstance or state of facts that . . . (ii) is or would reasonably be expected to be materially adverse to the business, results of operations, condition (financial or otherwise) of . . .the Mine.[xi]

Importantly, the MAE provision referenced the Mine as a whole, not the Mill. This was of critical importance inNewmont Mining, where the only MAEs alleged by the buyer resulted from alleged problems with the Mill.[xii] As the court explained: the construction of the Mill was not the only component of the MLE2 project Moreover, Newmont bought the entire Mine, not just the one Mill, and was aware that the Mill was still being commissioned at the time the transaction closed.[xiii]Thus, the court reasoned:

If Newmont wanted the Company MAE definition to include materially adverse effects measured in terms of the Mill, it should have bargained for such a definition. Notwithstanding Newmonts assertion that the Mill was a hugely important piece of the [M]ine, and that it was the centerpiece and jewel of the transaction under the plain language of the SPA, Newmont must demonstrate that its Alleged MAEs had a materially adverse effect on the Mineas a whole.[xiv]

It thus concluded that Newmont had not established an MAE occurred because, [w]hile the percentage of gold expected to be recovered from Mill processing is not insignificant, and there may well be circumstances where an event involving the Mill does in fact constitute a materially adverse effect to the Mine as a whole, such circumstances are not present here.[xv]

Additionally, theNewmont Miningcourt highlighted that the buyers post-acquisition valuation of the Mine as a whole showed that no MAE had occurred. Specifically, the buyers post-acquisition valuation models showed that the Mine had increased in value after the transaction closed.[xvi] Thus, the court concluded that even if the Mill was underperforming, the buyers own analyses showed that the Mine as a whole did not suffer an MAE.[xvii]

EXCLUSIONS TO THE DEFINITION OF AN MAE

Second, MAE clauses usually exclude specified events, such as weather events, terrorism or military actions, general economic downturns, conditions existing generally within the companys industry, and other broad categories of market or credit conditions. InNewmont Mining,the SPA expressly listed certain exception to the definition of a Company MAE, including, among others, changes or circumstances relating to (a) the industries in which [the sellers] operate, (b) general economic effects or conditions affecting the Unites States or anywhere else in the world, (c) foreign exchange, equity or debt market conditions, (d) acts of God (including earthquakes, storms, fires, floods and natural catastrophes, and (e) the failure to meet any projections or forecasts (it being understood that that [sic] the facts or causes underlying or contributing to such failure may be considered in determining whether a Company Material Adverse Effect has occurred unless otherwise excluded pursuant to any of the other clauses of this definition).[xviii]

InNewmont Mining, the court found that the exclusions of projections and forecast was dispositive. The buyers alleged MAEs were tied to the Mills alleged inability to achieve two forecasted metrics, a design throughput of 250 short tons per hour, and a gold recovery rate of 76.5%. The court rejected the buyers argument that its alleged MAEs were premised on the underlying causes of the missed projections and not the projections themselves. The court so held because the buyers interpretation would transform an otherwise narrow carve-out into an exception that swallows the rule, as it would allow virtually any set of circumstances to constitute a Company MAE as long as it could identify a purported underlying cause for a failure to meet projections or forecasts.[xix] Thus, the court determined that the parties intent in including the parenthetical excepting underlying causes from the exclusion for projections was to clarify that, where an underlying cause or set of facts fits within the Company MAE definition but also results in a failure to meet a projection, that underlying cause or set of facts may still be asserted as a Company MAE even though it contributed to a missed projection.[xx] Thus, for example, if the Mill was destroyed, that event would not be excluded from the definition of an MAE simply because it also caused the Mill to not achieve certain projections.

EXCEPTIONS TO THE EXCLUSIONS

MAE provisions typically state that, with respect to some or all of the specified exclusions, they will not be excluded to the extent that they have disproportionately adversely affected the company and its subsidiaries (taken as a whole) as compared to others in the same industry. The exception to the specified exclusions was not an issue in theNewmont Miningdecision; however, such exceptions may become a focus of litigation in this post-COVID world. For example only, we expect that notwithstanding the severe economic impact that COVID-related disruptions have had on all businesses, buyers may attempt to find footing arguing that the impact on their recently-acquired or to-be acquired business was disproportionate or otherwise unique. The adjudication of such arguments will be fact intensive and require expert analysis.

CONCLUSION

COVID-19 will bring MAE provisions into the spotlight in M&A litigation as parties evaluate the impact to their soon-to-be or recently-acquired business. TheNewmont Miningdecision provides helpful guidance with respect to the requirement that alleged MAEs impact the acquisition target as a whole, and the interpretation of exclusions regarding the projections and forecasts that are typically included in MAE provisions.

[i]Newmont Mining Corp. v. AngloGold Ashanti Ltd., et al.,Opinion and Order, No. 1:17-cv-08065 (S.D.N.Y. Mar. 18, 2020), ECF No. 143 (Newmont Mining).

[ii]In re Ibp S'holders Litig. v. Tyson Foods, 789 A.2d 14, 144-45 (Del. Ch. 2001) (Tyson Foods).

[iii]Chyronhego Corp. v. Wight, No. 2017-0548-SG, 2018 Del. Ch. LEXIS 258, at *22 (Del. Ch. July 31, 2018)

[iv]Tyson Foods, 789 A.2d at 144.

[v]Newmont Miningat 34.

[vi]Tyson Foods, 789 A.2d at 141-42, 144.

[vii]Newmont Miningat 35 (quotingTyson Foods,789 A.2d at 68).

[viii]Tyson Foods, 789 A.2d at 94.

[ix]Akorn, Inc. v. Fresenius Kabi AG, et al.,Memorandum Opinion, No. 2018-0300-JTL (Del. Ch. Oct. 1, 2018) (Akorn).

[x]Newmont Miningat 46 n.30.

[xi]Id.at 2-3, 32-33 (emphasis added).

[xii]Id.at 39.

[xiii]Id.

[xiv]Id.at 39-40 (emphasis in original).

[xv]Id. at 40.

[xvi]Id.at 51-52.

[xvii]Id.

[xviii]Newmont Mining Corp. v. AngloGold Ashanti Ltd., et al.,The AGA Defendants Local Rule 56.1 Statement in Support of Their Motion for Summary Judgment at 242,supranote i,ECF No. 110.

[xix]Newmont Miningat 37.

[xx]Id.

1994-2020 Mintz, Levin, Cohn, Ferris, Glovsky and Popeo, P.C. All Rights Reserved.

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SDNY Ruling in Newmont Mining Lawsuit - The National Law Review

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PC is not grumpy!

Editor:

This letter is in response to Sara Howells comments about PebbleCreek having an age discrimination problem. I have lived in PebbleCreek for almost seven years and have never had the problems she said she experienced.

First, and most importantly, PebbleCreek is a 55-and-older community. There is a certain amount of under-55 people allowed within the community, but most of the population is, yes, over 55! I dont know how Sara was ever allowed to rent in PebbleCreek being 37 years old unless it was done under the table! Why would she ever want to rent in this community being the age that she is? And Sara knew it was a 55-and-over community prior to moving in.

There must have been other circumstances for her being scolded for driving 21 mph in a 25 mph zone. Many people will drive that slowly and nothing is said to them. People even drive over the speed limit and do not get scolded unless caught by the patrol. So, the comment seems very jaded to me.

As far as her being aggressively screamed at for walking in an area that Im not supposed to be walking in, I would presume that to be the golf course. The person was probably playing golf, was quite a distance from her and yelled loud enough for her to hear and stop walking on the golf course. A 37-year-old, if it was the golf course, should have lived enough to know you never take a walk on a golf course, unless you are playing golf. If everyone did it the fairways would be damaged, etc. Her complaints have nothing to do with her being under 40. She was not following the rules of the community. Even a renter has an obligation to know and follow the community rules.

Renting to someone who is 37 is not stopping a house from being foreclosed upon. Most of the houses in PebbleCreek are paid for. The community has no problem with a person who pays her bills (we all do) or serves the community as an educator (there are many retired educators in the community myself included).

You were not preyed upon by people in this community. You were not following the rules. There are some grumpy individuals in the community, but the great majority of people are absolutely delightful! Before you criticize PebbleCreek as a community, get to know some people. You may change your mind. And if you continue to be unhappy in this age-restricted community, maybe you should find a nonage-restricted community to live in.

Barb Roberts

Goodyear

Review the rules

Editor:

This person was called out because of her behavior, not because of her age. There a many published rules and regulations in PebbleCreek that are designed to protect property and public safety. It is every residents responsibility to review these and adhere to them.

My sense is that the resident was driving well beyond the posted 25 mph speed limit when she was scolded. Did she brake quickly and then notice her speed? Was she distracted? Many PebbleCreek residents are in their 70s and 80s and do not have the quick reaction time of someone in their 30s.

Also, was she walking along the cart path on one of the golf courses when she was screamed at? For everyones safety, this is not allowed. This rule is in the HOA guidelines. Warning signs are not necessary or required. This is a golf course, not a carton of cigarettes. My sense is that this resident would be the first to sue the HOA if she were hit by a golf ball.

The vast majority of residents of PebbleCreek are here because of the outstanding population of great people from across the United States and Canada. We enjoy each other, our children and grandchildren when they visit us; the many activities provided to us; and living in a safe and vibrant community that is part of Goodyear.

We do not prey on those under 40.

Michael Quinn

Goodyear

Dont be so callous

Editor:

I just finished reading Charles Peabodys letter to the editor in the April 8 issue. What an astoundingly inaccurate piece of nonsense. Factually incorrect and appallingly callous.

Contrary to the claptrap on Facebook, COVID-19 is not a cold; it is a serious respiratory illness. According to his letter, a 1% serious illness rate is not a problem because most of the remaining 1% are susceptible to just about any medical issue due to their advanced age and preexisting conditions. That is factually incorrect. It is affecting people of all ages and is responsible for deaths in all age groups and physical conditions, although those with compromised immune systems and underlying disorders are more likely to die.

That said, Mr. Peabody seems to think thats acceptable if we can get people back to work and children back in school. He also said, Giving a couple thousand people their 87th Christmas is not much comfort to tens of millions of breadwinners who wont be able to afford holiday gifts Really? Hes worried about Christmas presents more than peoples lives? And this doozy: Maybe these elderly survivors will read one or two more books before they pass on It sounds like hed support just rounding up all us geezers and sending us to a camp to die and be done with us.

Its time for some real facts, as opposed to the alternative facts being spewed by the right and found on Facebook and other unverifiable social media sites. As of the morning of April 9, the mortality rate among infected people in the United States was about 3.53%. The population of the United States is about 330 million. That extrapolates to about 11.6 million deaths if everyone in the country is exposed to it. Even if we assume Mr. Peabodys 1% number is correct (which it isnt) that would still be 3.3 million deaths. I cant imagine any civilized society finding this acceptable for any reason, much less trading those lives for money. Remember, economies recover, but dead people dont.

Now some questions for Mr. Peabody and others who share his misguided opinions on this: Which elderly people in your family are you OK with dying for your convenience? What age would you arbitrarily establish as becoming officially expendable to the greater needs of the younger generation? How old are you and when will you be ready to consider yourself obsolete and redundant and make the sacrifice for the younger generation to make some money?

Lastly, his letter stated: Indeed COVID-19 itself is not virulent enough to have a lasting physical impact on our society. Thats not being an optimist; thats sticking your head in the sand.

Jude Clark

Buckeye

Scary philosophy

Editor:

Mr. Peabody carefully avoids the words death panel, but what other social function would fulfill his fantasy of considering the hypothetical benefits of giving aged and sickly people a slight life extension versus more comfort to breadwinners? He even tosses off the suggested age of 86 as the right age to sacrifice oneself to the economy. Well, that hits a little close to home for this family. Mr. Peabodys factual errors speak for themselves, but his philosophy should terrify his neighbors. I hope he keeps his death wishes away from our loved ones.

Jason Bentley

Litchfield Park

We are not one

Editor:

I love my country. I love the patriotic strains of the popular hymns America the Beautiful and others. I love the sense of unity assumed within the designation of American. When my kids were young, they asked me why I repeatedly viewed old WWII documentaries. Do you enjoy human suffering, dad? I replied no, but that I did enjoy the sense of unity among Americans at that time of stress and conflict. We were one.

Today we are not one, not just because we disagree in political opinion, but because we disagree on the cause and purpose of America; this is beyond disheartening. Hatred and self-loathing have since permeated our ranks in a most disagreeable manner. Hatred is corrosive, it clouds sound judgment, and prohibits ones ability to be objective and rational because it is emotionally driven.

Now, at this unprecedented time of pandemic displacement and uncertainty, it is refreshing that recent polls indicate a majority of Americans approve of the presidents efforts to address COVID-19 and economic issues since we all want America to succeed. There are some who seemingly do not want America to succeed. Rather than help and support, they impede and scorn, clearly driven by ugly hatred which blinds their eyes to fact, logic, liberty, free enterprise and patriotism. These hate-filled and ignorant comments are largely directed toward the president and his supporters. Supreme court justices have been threatened. The president is now being accused of crimes against humanity and second-degree murder,

Alec Baldwin going so far as to say, If you vote for Trump again you are mentally ill. Really? Can you imagine the backlash if a conservative had made such outlandish statements? How on Earth are we supposed to take the extreme left seriously? The ongoing leftist effort to overturn the 2016 election has morphed from ridiculous, to shameless unabashed absurdity, to the surreal because of personal hatred; if this president discovered a cure for cancer the left would villainize him and call for an inquiry. Friends, to disagree is American. But to hate, or support those that hate, is neither constructive nor respectable.

Jason Russell

Goodyear

Original post:
Lettters to the Editor | Opinion - westvalleyview.com

Complete study of the global Milk Thistle Health Tonic, market is carried out by the analysts in this report, taking into consideration key factors like drivers, challenges, recent trends, opportunities, advancements, and competitive landscape. This report offers a clear understanding of the present as well as future scenario of the global Milk Thistle Health Tonic, industry. Research techniques like PESTLE and Porters Five Forces analysis have been deployed by the researchers. They have also provided accurate data on Milk Thistle Health Tonic, production, capacity, price, cost, margin, and revenue to help the players gain a clear understanding into the overall existing and future market situation.

Key companies operating in the global Milk Thistle Health Tonic, market include Health Genesis, Pure Encapsulations, Regis, Solgar, Aksuvital, BEC, NC, Life Extension, Swisse, HerbsofGold Milk Thistle Health Tonic

Get PDF Sample Copy of the Report to understand the structure of the complete report: (Including Full TOC, List of Tables & Figures, Chart) :

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Segmental Analysis

The report has classified the global Milk Thistle Health Tonic, industry into segments including product type and application. Every segment is evaluated based on growth rate and share. Besides, the analysts have studied the potential regions that may prove rewarding for the Milk Thistle Health Tonic, manufcaturers in the coming years. The regional analysis includes reliable predictions on value and volume, thereby helping market players to gain deep insights into the overall Milk Thistle Health Tonic, industry.

Global Milk Thistle Health Tonic, Market Segment By Type:

, Tablets, Capsules, Others Milk Thistle Health Tonic

Global Milk Thistle Health Tonic, Market Segment By Application:

Dietary Supplement, Health Food

Competitive Landscape

It is important for every market participant to be familiar with the competitive scenario in the global Milk Thistle Health Tonic, industry. In order to fulfil the requirements, the industry analysts have evaluated the strategic activities of the competitors to help the key players strengthen their foothold in the market and increase their competitiveness.

Key companies operating in the global Milk Thistle Health Tonic, market include Health Genesis, Pure Encapsulations, Regis, Solgar, Aksuvital, BEC, NC, Life Extension, Swisse, HerbsofGold Milk Thistle Health Tonic

Key questions answered in the report:

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TOC

1 Study Coverage1.1 Milk Thistle Health Tonic Product Introduction1.2 Market Segments1.3 Key Milk Thistle Health Tonic Manufacturers Covered: Ranking by Revenue1.4 Covid-19 Implications on Market by Type1.4.1 Global Milk Thistle Health Tonic Market Size Growth Rate by Type1.4.2 Tablets1.4.3 Capsules1.4.4 Others1.5 Covid-19 Implications on Market by Application1.5.1 Global Milk Thistle Health Tonic Market Size Growth Rate by Application1.5.2 Dietary Supplement1.5.3 Health Food1.6 Coronavirus Disease 2019 (Covid-19): Milk Thistle Health Tonic Industry Impact1.6.1 How the Covid-19 is Affecting the Milk Thistle Health Tonic Industry1.6.1.1 Milk Thistle Health Tonic Business Impact Assessment Covid-191.6.1.2 Supply Chain Challenges1.6.1.3 COVID-19s Impact On Crude Oil and Refined Products1.6.2 Market Trends and Milk Thistle Health Tonic Potential Opportunities in the COVID-19 Landscape1.6.3 Covid-19 Impact on Key Regions1.6.4 Proposal for Milk Thistle Health Tonic Players to Combat Covid-19 Impact 1.7 Study Objectives 1.8 Years Considered 2 Executive Summary2.1 Covid-19 Implications on Global Milk Thistle Health Tonic Market Size, Estimates and Forecasts2.1.1 Global Milk Thistle Health Tonic Revenue 2015-20262.1.2 Global Milk Thistle Health Tonic Sales 2015-20262.2 Covid-19 Implications on Global Milk Thistle Health Tonic, Market Size by Producing Regions: 2015 VS 2020 VS 20262.2.1 Global Milk Thistle Health Tonic Retrospective Market Scenario in Sales by Region: 2015-20202.2.2 Global Milk Thistle Health Tonic Retrospective Market Scenario in Revenue by Region: 2015-2020 3 Covid-19 Implications on Global Milk Thistle Health Tonic Competitor Landscape by Players3.1 Milk Thistle Health Tonic Sales by Manufacturers3.1.1 Milk Thistle Health Tonic Sales by Manufacturers (2015-2020)3.1.2 Milk Thistle Health Tonic Sales Market Share by Manufacturers (2015-2020)3.2 Milk Thistle Health Tonic Revenue by Manufacturers3.2.1 Milk Thistle Health Tonic Revenue by Manufacturers (2015-2020)3.2.2 Milk Thistle Health Tonic Revenue Share by Manufacturers (2015-2020)3.2.3 Global Milk Thistle Health Tonic Market Concentration Ratio (CR5 and HHI) (2015-2020)3.2.4 Global Top 10 and Top 5 Companies by Milk Thistle Health Tonic Revenue in 20193.2.5 Global Milk Thistle Health Tonic Market Share by Company Type (Tier 1, Tier 2 and Tier 3)3.3 Milk Thistle Health Tonic Price by Manufacturers3.4 Milk Thistle Health Tonic Manufacturing Base Distribution, Product Types3.4.1 Milk Thistle Health Tonic Manufacturers Manufacturing Base Distribution, Headquarters3.4.2 Manufacturers Milk Thistle Health Tonic Product Type3.4.3 Date of International Manufacturers Enter into Milk Thistle Health Tonic Market 3.5 Manufacturers Mergers & Acquisitions, Expansion Plans 4 Covid-19 Implications on Market Size by Type (2015-2026)4.1 Global Milk Thistle Health Tonic Market Size by Type (2015-2020)4.1.1 Global Milk Thistle Health Tonic Sales by Type (2015-2020)4.1.2 Global Milk Thistle Health Tonic Revenue by Type (2015-2020)4.1.3 Milk Thistle Health Tonic Average Selling Price (ASP) by Type (2015-2026)4.2 Global Milk Thistle Health Tonic Market Size Forecast by Type (2021-2026)4.2.1 Global Milk Thistle Health Tonic Sales Forecast by Type (2021-2026)4.2.2 Global Milk Thistle Health Tonic Revenue Forecast by Type (2021-2026)4.2.3 Milk Thistle Health Tonic Average Selling Price (ASP) Forecast by Type (2021-2026)4.3 Global Milk Thistle Health Tonic Market Share by Price Tier (2015-2020): Low-End, Mid-Range and High-End 5 Covid-19 Implications on Market Size by Application (2015-2026)5.1 Global Milk Thistle Health Tonic Market Size by Application (2015-2020)5.1.1 Global Milk Thistle Health Tonic Sales by Application (2015-2020)5.1.2 Global Milk Thistle Health Tonic Revenue by Application (2015-2020)5.1.3 Milk Thistle Health Tonic Price by Application (2015-2020)5.2 Milk Thistle Health Tonic Market Size Forecast by Application (2021-2026)5.2.1 Global Milk Thistle Health Tonic Sales Forecast by Application (2021-2026)5.2.2 Global Milk Thistle Health Tonic Revenue Forecast by Application (2021-2026)5.2.3 Global Milk Thistle Health Tonic Price Forecast by Application (2021-2026) 6 North America6.1 North America Milk Thistle Health Tonic by Country6.1.1 North America Milk Thistle Health Tonic Sales by Country6.1.2 North America Milk Thistle Health Tonic Revenue by Country6.1.3 U.S.6.1.4 Canada6.2 North America Milk Thistle Health Tonic Market Facts & Figures by Type6.3 North America Milk Thistle Health Tonic Market Facts & Figures by Application 7 Europe7.1 Europe Milk Thistle Health Tonic by Country7.1.1 Europe Milk Thistle Health Tonic Sales by Country7.1.2 Europe Milk Thistle Health Tonic Revenue by Country7.1.3 Germany7.1.4 France7.1.5 U.K.7.1.6 Italy7.1.7 Russia7.2 Europe Milk Thistle Health Tonic Market Facts & Figures by Type7.3 Europe Milk Thistle Health Tonic Market Facts & Figures by Application 8 Asia Pacific8.1 Asia Pacific Milk Thistle Health Tonic by Region8.1.1 Asia Pacific Milk Thistle Health Tonic Sales by Region8.1.2 Asia Pacific Milk Thistle Health Tonic Revenue by Region8.1.3 China8.1.4 Japan8.1.5 South Korea8.1.6 India8.1.7 Australia8.1.8 Taiwan8.1.9 Indonesia8.1.10 Thailand8.1.11 Malaysia8.1.12 Philippines8.1.13 Vietnam8.2 Asia Pacific Milk Thistle Health Tonic Market Facts & Figures by Type8.3 Asia Pacific Milk Thistle Health Tonic Market Facts & Figures by Application 9 Latin America9.1 Latin America Milk Thistle Health Tonic by Country9.1.1 Latin America Milk Thistle Health Tonic Sales by Country9.1.2 Latin America Milk Thistle Health Tonic Revenue by Country9.1.3 Mexico9.1.4 Brazil9.1.5 Argentina9.2 Central & South America Milk Thistle Health Tonic Market Facts & Figures by Type9.3 Central & South America Milk Thistle Health Tonic Market Facts & Figures by Application 10 Middle East and Africa10.1 Middle East and Africa Milk Thistle Health Tonic by Country10.1.1 Middle East and Africa Milk Thistle Health Tonic Sales by Country10.1.2 Middle East and Africa Milk Thistle Health Tonic Revenue by Country10.1.3 Turkey10.1.4 Saudi Arabia10.1.5 U.A.E10.2 Middle East and Africa Milk Thistle Health Tonic Market Facts & Figures by Type10.3 Middle East and Africa Milk Thistle Health Tonic Market Facts & Figures by Application 11 Company Profiles11.1 Health Genesis11.1.1 Health Genesis Corporation Information11.1.2 Health Genesis Description, Business Overview and Total Revenue11.1.3 Health Genesis Sales, Revenue and Gross Margin (2015-2020)11.1.4 Health Genesis Milk Thistle Health Tonic Products Offered11.1.5 Health Genesis Recent Development11.2 Pure Encapsulations11.2.1 Pure Encapsulations Corporation Information11.2.2 Pure Encapsulations Description, Business Overview and Total Revenue11.2.3 Pure Encapsulations Sales, Revenue and Gross Margin (2015-2020)11.2.4 Pure Encapsulations Milk Thistle Health Tonic Products Offered11.2.5 Pure Encapsulations Recent Development11.3 Regis11.3.1 Regis Corporation Information11.3.2 Regis Description, Business Overview and Total Revenue11.3.3 Regis Sales, Revenue and Gross Margin (2015-2020)11.3.4 Regis Milk Thistle Health Tonic Products Offered11.3.5 Regis Recent Development11.4 Solgar11.4.1 Solgar Corporation Information11.4.2 Solgar Description, Business Overview and Total Revenue11.4.3 Solgar Sales, Revenue and Gross Margin (2015-2020)11.4.4 Solgar Milk Thistle Health Tonic Products Offered11.4.5 Solgar Recent Development11.5 Aksuvital11.5.1 Aksuvital Corporation Information11.5.2 Aksuvital Description, Business Overview and Total Revenue11.5.3 Aksuvital Sales, Revenue and Gross Margin (2015-2020)11.5.4 Aksuvital Milk Thistle Health Tonic Products Offered11.5.5 Aksuvital Recent Development11.6 BEC11.6.1 BEC Corporation Information11.6.2 BEC Description, Business Overview and Total Revenue11.6.3 BEC Sales, Revenue and Gross Margin (2015-2020)11.6.4 BEC Milk Thistle Health Tonic Products Offered11.6.5 BEC Recent Development11.7 NC11.7.1 NC Corporation Information11.7.2 NC Description, Business Overview and Total Revenue11.7.3 NC Sales, Revenue and Gross Margin (2015-2020)11.7.4 NC Milk Thistle Health Tonic Products Offered11.7.5 NC Recent Development11.8 Life Extension11.8.1 Life Extension Corporation Information11.8.2 Life Extension Description, Business Overview and Total Revenue11.8.3 Life Extension Sales, Revenue and Gross Margin (2015-2020)11.8.4 Life Extension Milk Thistle Health Tonic Products Offered11.8.5 Life Extension Recent Development11.9 Swisse11.9.1 Swisse Corporation Information11.9.2 Swisse Description, Business Overview and Total Revenue11.9.3 Swisse Sales, Revenue and Gross Margin (2015-2020)11.9.4 Swisse Milk Thistle Health Tonic Products Offered11.9.5 Swisse Recent Development11.10 HerbsofGold11.10.1 HerbsofGold Corporation Information11.10.2 HerbsofGold Description, Business Overview and Total Revenue11.10.3 HerbsofGold Sales, Revenue and Gross Margin (2015-2020)11.10.4 HerbsofGold Milk Thistle Health Tonic Products Offered11.10.5 HerbsofGold Recent Development11.1 Health Genesis11.1.1 Health Genesis Corporation Information11.1.2 Health Genesis Description, Business Overview and Total Revenue11.1.3 Health Genesis Sales, Revenue and Gross Margin (2015-2020)11.1.4 Health Genesis Milk Thistle Health Tonic Products Offered11.1.5 Health Genesis Recent Development 12 Future Forecast by Regions (Countries) (2021-2026)12.1 Milk Thistle Health Tonic Market Estimates and Projections by Region12.1.1 Global Milk Thistle Health Tonic Sales Forecast by Regions 2021-202612.1.2 Global Milk Thistle Health Tonic Revenue Forecast by Regions 2021-202612.2 North America Milk Thistle Health Tonic Market Size Forecast (2021-2026)12.2.1 North America: Milk Thistle Health Tonic Sales Forecast (2021-2026)12.2.2 North America: Milk Thistle Health Tonic Revenue Forecast (2021-2026)12.2.3 North America: Milk Thistle Health Tonic Market Size Forecast by Country (2021-2026)12.3 Europe Milk Thistle Health Tonic Market Size Forecast (2021-2026)12.3.1 Europe: Milk Thistle Health Tonic Sales Forecast (2021-2026)12.3.2 Europe: Milk Thistle Health Tonic Revenue Forecast (2021-2026)12.3.3 Europe: Milk Thistle Health Tonic Market Size Forecast by Country (2021-2026)12.4 Asia Pacific Milk Thistle Health Tonic Market Size Forecast (2021-2026)12.4.1 Asia Pacific: Milk Thistle Health Tonic Sales Forecast (2021-2026)12.4.2 Asia Pacific: Milk Thistle Health Tonic Revenue Forecast (2021-2026)12.4.3 Asia Pacific: Milk Thistle Health Tonic Market Size Forecast by Region (2021-2026)12.5 Latin America Milk Thistle Health Tonic Market Size Forecast (2021-2026)12.5.1 Latin America: Milk Thistle Health Tonic Sales Forecast (2021-2026)12.5.2 Latin America: Milk Thistle Health Tonic Revenue Forecast (2021-2026)12.5.3 Latin America: Milk Thistle Health Tonic Market Size Forecast by Country (2021-2026)12.6 Middle East and Africa Milk Thistle Health Tonic Market Size Forecast (2021-2026)12.6.1 Middle East and Africa: Milk Thistle Health Tonic Sales Forecast (2021-2026)12.6.2 Middle East and Africa: Milk Thistle Health Tonic Revenue Forecast (2021-2026)12.6.3 Middle East and Africa: Milk Thistle Health Tonic Market Size Forecast by Country (2021-2026) 13 Market Opportunities, Challenges, Risks and Influences Factors Analysis13.1 Market Opportunities and Drivers13.2 Market Challenges13.3 Market Risks/Restraints13.4 Porters Five Forces Analysis13.5 Primary Interviews with Key Milk Thistle Health Tonic Players (Opinion Leaders) 14 Value Chain and Sales Channels Analysis 14.1 Value Chain Analysis14.2 Milk Thistle Health Tonic Customers 14.3 Sales Channels Analysis 14.3.1 Sales Channels 14.3.2 Distributors 15 Research Findings and Conclusion 16 Appendix 16.1 Research Methodology 16.1.1 Methodology/Research Approach 16.1.2 Data Source 16.2 Author Details 16.3 Disclaimer

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Milk Thistle Health Tonic, Market Detailed Analysis of Current Industry Figures With Forecasts Growth by 2026| Health Genesis, Pure Encapsulations,...

Complete study of the global Covid-19 Impact on Milk Thistle Health Tonic market is carried out by the analysts in this report, taking into consideration key factors like drivers, challenges, recent trends, opportunities, advancements, and competitive landscape. This report offers a clear understanding of the present as well as future scenario of the global Covid-19 Impact on Milk Thistle Health Tonic industry. Research techniques like PESTLE and Porters Five Forces analysis have been deployed by the researchers. They have also provided accurate data on Covid-19 Impact on Milk Thistle Health Tonic production, capacity, price, cost, margin, and revenue to help the players gain a clear understanding into the overall existing and future market situation.

Key companies operating in the global Covid-19 Impact on Milk Thistle Health Tonic market include Health Genesis, Pure Encapsulations, Regis, Solgar, Aksuvital, BEC, NC, Life Extension, Swisse, HerbsofGold, etc.

Get PDF Sample Copy of the Report to understand the structure of the complete report: (Including Full TOC, List of Tables & Figures, Chart) :

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Segmental Analysis

The report has classified the global Covid-19 Impact on Milk Thistle Health Tonic industry into segments including product type and application. Every segment is evaluated based on growth rate and share. Besides, the analysts have studied the potential regions that may prove rewarding for the Covid-19 Impact on Milk Thistle Health Tonic manufcaturers in the coming years. The regional analysis includes reliable predictions on value and volume, thereby helping market players to gain deep insights into the overall Covid-19 Impact on Milk Thistle Health Tonic industry.

Global Covid-19 Impact on Milk Thistle Health Tonic Market Segment By Type:

, Tablets, Capsules, Others

Global Covid-19 Impact on Milk Thistle Health Tonic Market Segment By Application:

Health Genesis, Pure Encapsulations, Regis, Solgar, Aksuvital, BEC, NC, Life Extension, Swisse, HerbsofGold, etc. Based on the Region:, Asia-Pacific (China, Japan, South Korea, India and ASEAN), North America (US and Canada), Europe (Germany, France, UK and Italy), Rest of World (Latin America, Middle East & Africa) Based on the Type:, Tablets, Capsules, Others Based on the Application:, Dietary Supplement, Health Food

Competitive Landscape

It is important for every market participant to be familiar with the competitive scenario in the global Covid-19 Impact on Milk Thistle Health Tonic industry. In order to fulfil the requirements, the industry analysts have evaluated the strategic activities of the competitors to help the key players strengthen their foothold in the market and increase their competitiveness.

Key companies operating in the global Covid-19 Impact on Milk Thistle Health Tonic market include Health Genesis, Pure Encapsulations, Regis, Solgar, Aksuvital, BEC, NC, Life Extension, Swisse, HerbsofGold, etc.

Key questions answered in the report:

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TOC

1.1 Research Scope1.2 Market Segmentation1.3 Research Objectives1.4 Research Methodology1.4.1 Research Process1.4.2 Data Triangulation1.4.3 Research Approach1.4.4 Base Year1.5 Coronavirus Disease 2019 (Covid-19) Impact Will Have a Severe Impact on Global Growth1.5.1 Covid-19 Impact: Global GDP Growth, 2019, 2020 and 2021 Projections1.5.2 Covid-19 Impact: Commodity Prices Indices1.5.3 Covid-19 Impact: Global Major Government Policy1.6 The Covid-19 Impact on Milk Thistle Health Tonic Industry1.7 COVID-19 Impact: Milk Thistle Health Tonic Market Trends 2 Global Milk Thistle Health Tonic Quarterly Market Size Analysis2.1 Milk Thistle Health Tonic Business Impact Assessment COVID-192.1.1 Global Milk Thistle Health Tonic Market Size, Pre-COVID-19 and Post- COVID-19 Comparison, 2015-20262.1.2 Global Milk Thistle Health Tonic Price, Pre-COVID-19 and Post- COVID-19 Comparison, 2015-20262.2 Global Milk Thistle Health Tonic Quarterly Market Size 2020-20212.3 COVID-19-Driven Market Dynamics and Factor Analysis2.3.1 Drivers2.3.2 Restraints2.3.3 Opportunities2.3.4 Challenges 3 Quarterly Competitive Assessment, 20203.1 Global Milk Thistle Health Tonic Quarterly Market Size by Manufacturers, 2019 VS 20203.2 Global Milk Thistle Health Tonic Factory Price by Manufacturers3.3 Location of Key Manufacturers Milk Thistle Health Tonic Manufacturing Factories and Area Served3.4 Date of Key Manufacturers Enter into Milk Thistle Health Tonic Market3.5 Key Manufacturers Milk Thistle Health Tonic Product Offered3.6 Mergers & Acquisitions, Expansion Plans 4 Impact of Covid-19 on Milk Thistle Health Tonic Segments, By Type4.1 Introduction1.4.1 Tablets1.4.2 Capsules1.4.3 Others4.2 By Type, Global Milk Thistle Health Tonic Market Size, 2019-20214.2.1 By Type, Global Milk Thistle Health Tonic Market Size by Type, 2020-20214.2.2 By Type, Global Milk Thistle Health Tonic Price, 2020-2021 5 Impact of Covid-19 on Milk Thistle Health Tonic Segments, By Application5.1 Overview5.5.1 Dietary Supplement5.5.2 Health Food5.2 By Application, Global Milk Thistle Health Tonic Market Size, 2019-20215.2.1 By Application, Global Milk Thistle Health Tonic Market Size by Application, 2019-20215.2.2 By Application, Global Milk Thistle Health Tonic Price, 2020-2021 6 Geographic Analysis6.1 Introduction6.2 North America6.2.1 Macroeconomic Indicators of US6.2.2 US6.2.3 Canada6.3 Europe6.3.1 Macroeconomic Indicators of Europe6.3.2 Germany6.3.3 France6.3.4 UK6.3.5 Italy6.4 Asia-Pacific6.4.1 Macroeconomic Indicators of Asia-Pacific6.4.2 China6.4.3 Japan6.4.4 South Korea6.4.5 India6.4.6 ASEAN6.5 Rest of World6.5.1 Latin America6.5.2 Middle East and Africa 7 Company Profiles7.1 Health Genesis7.1.1 Health Genesis Business Overview7.1.2 Health Genesis Milk Thistle Health Tonic Quarterly Production and Revenue, 20207.1.3 Health Genesis Milk Thistle Health Tonic Product Introduction7.1.4 Health Genesis Response to COVID-19 and Related Developments7.2 Pure Encapsulations7.2.1 Pure Encapsulations Business Overview7.2.2 Pure Encapsulations Milk Thistle Health Tonic Quarterly Production and Revenue, 20207.2.3 Pure Encapsulations Milk Thistle Health Tonic Product Introduction7.2.4 Pure Encapsulations Response to COVID-19 and Related Developments7.3 Regis7.3.1 Regis Business Overview7.3.2 Regis Milk Thistle Health Tonic Quarterly Production and Revenue, 20207.3.3 Regis Milk Thistle Health Tonic Product Introduction7.3.4 Regis Response to COVID-19 and Related Developments7.4 Solgar7.4.1 Solgar Business Overview7.4.2 Solgar Milk Thistle Health Tonic Quarterly Production and Revenue, 20207.4.3 Solgar Milk Thistle Health Tonic Product Introduction7.4.4 Solgar Response to COVID-19 and Related Developments7.5 Aksuvital7.5.1 Aksuvital Business Overview7.5.2 Aksuvital Milk Thistle Health Tonic Quarterly Production and Revenue, 20207.5.3 Aksuvital Milk Thistle Health Tonic Product Introduction7.5.4 Aksuvital Response to COVID-19 and Related Developments7.6 BEC7.6.1 BEC Business Overview7.6.2 BEC Milk Thistle Health Tonic Quarterly Production and Revenue, 20207.6.3 BEC Milk Thistle Health Tonic Product Introduction7.6.4 BEC Response to COVID-19 and Related Developments7.7 NC7.7.1 NC Business Overview7.7.2 NC Milk Thistle Health Tonic Quarterly Production and Revenue, 20207.7.3 NC Milk Thistle Health Tonic Product Introduction7.7.4 NC Response to COVID-19 and Related Developments7.8 Life Extension7.8.1 Life Extension Business Overview7.8.2 Life Extension Milk Thistle Health Tonic Quarterly Production and Revenue, 20207.8.3 Life Extension Milk Thistle Health Tonic Product Introduction7.8.4 Life Extension Response to COVID-19 and Related Developments7.9 Swisse7.9.1 Swisse Business Overview7.9.2 Swisse Milk Thistle Health Tonic Quarterly Production and Revenue, 20207.9.3 Swisse Milk Thistle Health Tonic Product Introduction7.9.4 Swisse Response to COVID-19 and Related Developments7.10 HerbsofGold7.10.1 HerbsofGold Business Overview7.10.2 HerbsofGold Milk Thistle Health Tonic Quarterly Production and Revenue, 20207.10.3 HerbsofGold Milk Thistle Health Tonic Product Introduction7.10.4 HerbsofGold Response to COVID-19 and Related Developments 8 Supply Chain and Sales Channels Analysis8.1 Milk Thistle Health Tonic Supply Chain Analysis8.1.1 Milk Thistle Health Tonic Supply Chain Analysis8.1.2 Covid-19 Impact on Milk Thistle Health Tonic Supply Chain8.2 Distribution Channels Analysis8.2.1 Milk Thistle Health Tonic Distribution Channels8.2.2 Covid-19 Impact on Milk Thistle Health Tonic Distribution Channels8.2.3 Milk Thistle Health Tonic Distributors8.3 Milk Thistle Health Tonic Customers 9 Key Findings 10 Appendix10.1 About Us10.2 Disclaimer

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QYResearch always pursuits high product quality with the belief that quality is the soul of business. Through years of effort and supports from huge number of customer supports, QYResearch consulting group has accumulated creative design methods on many high-quality markets investigation and research team with rich experience. Today, QYResearch has become the brand of quality assurance in consulting industry.

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Covid-19 Impact on Milk Thistle Health Tonic Market 2020| Worldwide Industry Share, Size, Gross Margin, Trend, Future Demand, Analysis by Top Leading...

The report on the Cryonics Technology market provides a birds eye view of the current proceeding within the Cryonics Technology market. Further, the report also takes into account the impact of the novel COVID-19 pandemic on the Cryonics Technology market and offers a clear assessment of the projected market fluctuations during the forecast period. The different factors that are likely to impact the overall dynamics of the Cryonics Technology market over the forecast period (2019-2029) including the current trends, growth opportunities, restraining factors, and more are discussed in detail in the market study.

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Global Cryonics Technology Market by Companies:

The company profile section of the report offers great insights such as market revenue and market share of global Cryonics Technology market. Key companies listed in the report are:

The key players covered in this studyPraxairCellulisCryologicsCryothermKrioRusVWRThermo Fisher ScientificCustom Biogenic SystemsOregon CryonicsAlcor Life Extension FoundationOsiris CryonicsSigma-AldrichSouthern Cryonics

Market segment by Type, the product can be split intoSlow freezingVitrificationUltra-rapidMarket segment by Application, split intoAnimal husbandryFishery scienceMedical sciencePreservation of microbiology cultureConserving plant biodiversity

Market segment by Regions/Countries, this report coversNorth AmericaEuropeChinaJapanSoutheast AsiaIndiaCentral & South America

The study objectives of this report are:To analyze global Cryonics Technology status, future forecast, growth opportunity, key market and key players.To present the Cryonics Technology development in North America, Europe, China, Japan, Southeast Asia, India and Central & South America.To strategically profile the key players and comprehensively analyze their development plan and strategies.To define, describe and forecast the market by type, market and key regions.

In this study, the years considered to estimate the market size of Cryonics Technology are as follows:History Year: 2015-2019Base Year: 2019Estimated Year: 2020Forecast Year 2020 to 2026For the data information by region, company, type and application, 2019 is considered as the base year. Whenever data information was unavailable for the base year, the prior year has been considered.

Global Cryonics Technology Market by Geography:

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Some of the Major Highlights of TOC covers in Cryonics Technology Market Report:

Chapter 1: Methodology & Scope of Cryonics Technology Market

Chapter 2: Executive Summary of Cryonics Technology Market

Chapter 3: Cryonics Technology Industry Insights

Chapter 4: Cryonics Technology Market, By Region

Chapter 5: Company Profile

And Continue

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Global trade impact of the Coronavirus Cryonics Technology Market Augmented Expansion to Be Registered by 2019-2049 - Latest Herald

CALGARY May 2, 2020 (Thomson StreetEvents) -- Edited Transcript of TC Energy Corp earnings conference call or presentation Friday, May 1, 2020 at 7:00:00pm GMT

* Donald R. Marchand

* Paul E. Miller

* Russell K. Girling

TransCanada PipeLines Limited - Executive VP, President of U.S. Natural Gas Pipelines & Diversity Officer

* Tracy A. Robinson

TC Energy Corporation - Executive VP & President of Canadian Natural Gas Pipelines

* Andrew M. Kuske

Crdit Suisse AG, Research Division - MD, Head of Canadian Equity Research, and Global Co-ordinator for Infrastructure Research

Tudor, Pickering, Holt & Co. Securities, Inc., Research Division - Director of Midstream Research

CIBC Capital Markets, Research Division - Executive Director of Institutional Equity Research

* Shneur Z. Gershuni

UBS Investment Bank, Research Division - Executive Director in the Energy Group and Analyst

Good afternoon, ladies and gentlemen. Welcome to the TC Energy 2020 First Quarter Results Conference Call.

I would now like to turn the meeting over to Mr. David Moneta, Vice President, Investor Relations. Please go ahead, Mr. Moneta.

Thank you, and thanks very much, and good afternoon, everyone. I'd like to welcome you to TC Energy's 2020 First Quarter Conference Call.

Joining me today are Russ Girling, President and Chief Executive Officer; Don Marchand, Executive Vice President, Strategy and Corporate Development and Chief Financial Officer; Franois Poirier, Chief Operating Officer and President, Power and Storage and Mexico; Tracy Robinson, President, Canadian Natural Gas Pipelines; Stan Chapman, President, U.S. Natural gas pipelines; Paul Miller, President, Liquids Pipelines; Bevin Wirzba, Senior Vice President, Liquids Pipelines; and Glenn Menuz, Vice President and Controller. Russ and Don will begin today with some opening comments on our financial results and certain other company developments.

A copy of the slide presentation that will accompany their remarks is available on our website. It can be found in the Investors section under the heading Events and Presentations.

Following their prepared remarks, we will take questions from the investment community. If you are a member of the media, please contact Jaimie Harding following this call and should be happy to address your questions.

In order to provide everyone from the investment community with an equal opportunity to participate, we ask that you limit yourself to 2 questions. If you have additional questions, please reenter the queue.

Also, we ask that you focus your questions on our industry, our corporate strategy, recent developments and key elements of our financial performance.

If you have detailed questions relating to some of our smaller operations, for your detailed financial models, Hunter and I would be pleased to discuss them with you following the call.

Before Russ begins, I'd like to remind you that our remarks today will include forward-looking statements that are subject to important risks and uncertainties. For more information on these risks and uncertainties, please see the reports filed by TC Energy with Canadian securities regulators and with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission.

And finally, during this presentation, we'll refer to measures such as comparable earnings per share, comparable earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation and amortization or comparable EBITDA and comparable funds generated from operations.

These and certain other comparable measures are considered to be non-GAAP measures. As a result, they may not be comparable to similar measures presented by other entities.

They are used to provide you with additional information on TC Energy's operating performance, liquidity and its ability to generate funds to finance its operations.

With that, I'll now turn the call over to Russ.

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Russell K. Girling, TC Energy Corporation - President, CEO & Director [3]

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Thank you, David, and good afternoon, everyone, and thank you all very much for joining us today.

Clearly, we're living in an unprecedented times with COVID-19, the pandemic having a significant impact on millions of people around the world. So on behalf of TC Energy, I'd like to start by expressing my sincere thanks to the frontline health care and other essential service workers who are risking their personal safety to ensure the well-being of others. Your selfless acts during this difficult time are truly courageous.

At TC Energy, as always, we too are focused on health and safety of our employees, our contractors and the communities in which we operate. When the World's Health Organization declared COVID-19 a global pandemic in early March, our business continuity plans were put in place across the organization, allowing us to continue to effectively operate our assets and execute on our capital programs.

The services we provide are broadly considered essential are critical in Canada, the United States and Mexico, given the important role our infrastructure plays in delivering energy to people across the continent. And at the responsibility we take very seriously, like many others, thousands of our employees are now working remotely, while those that must be physically at our work sites are following rigorous health, hygiene and distancing protocols.

I want to acknowledge and thank our employees and their families for their ongoing efforts to ensure the energy that is vital to the daily lives of so many continues to be delivered seamlessly across North America, and your efforts are truly making a difference.

Turning now to our first quarter financial results and certain other recent developments across our 3 core businesses, with approximately 95% of our comparable EBITDA coming from regulated or long-term contracted assets. We are largely insulated from the volatility associated with volume throughput and the commodity prices that are being experienced by many others.

Aside from the impact of normal maintenance activities and seasonal factors to date, we have not seen any meaningful change in the utilization of our assets, which further reinforces their critical nature to North America. As a result, as highlighted in our first quarter report, our $100 billion portfolio, high-quality, long life energy infrastructure assets continue to produce strong financial results.

And we continue to capitalize or we continue to realize the growth expected from our industry-leading capital program. Today, that program that we're advancing, it's $43 billion of secured capital projects, and it now includes Keystone XL.

In addition, we continue to advance more than $10 billion of projects under development, including the refurbishment of another 5 reactors at Bruce Power as part of their long-term life extension program. Over the last 4 months, we took significant steps to fund our 2020 capital expenditure program and to maintain our strong financial position despite challenging capital market conditions.

More specifically, we enhanced our liquidity by more than $9 billion through the issuance of long-term debt in both Canada and the United States at very attractive rates, the establishment of incremental committed credit facilities and the sale of 3 Ontario natural gas-fired power plants.

When combined with our predictable and growing cash flow from operations and the sale of a 65% interest in the Coastal GasLink project, which is scheduled to close in the second quarter, we believe that we're very well positioned to continue to fund our capital program and other obligations through a prolonged period of disruption in capital markets if that was to occur.

Looking forward, we expect our solid operating and financial performance to continue with 2020 comparable earnings per share is still anticipated to be similar to the recorded -- or the record results that we produced in 2019. While we're proud of our financial performance and the significant returns we've generated for our shareholders, we know that our ongoing success depends on our ability to balance profitability with safety and environmental and social responsibility.

We have a 65-year track record of safe and reliable operations, but we recognize that we can always improve. To keep you better informed, we have published several investor-focused ESG documents over the past year. They described some of the work we're doing to ensure our business remains resilient in an ever-evolving energy landscape. All of this can be found on our website at tcenergy.com.

With that as an overview, I'll explain some of the recent developments beginning with a brief review of our first quarter financial results. Don will provide more detail of our results and liquidity in just a few minutes.

Excluding certain specific items, comparable earnings were $1.1 billion or $1.18 per common share for the 3 months ended March 31 compared to $1 billion or $1.07 per share in 2019, which was an increase of 10% on a per share basis. Comparable EBITDA of $2.5 billion was 6% higher and the amount reported for the same period last year, while comparable funds generated from operations was $2.1 billion, which was 17% higher than the comparable period.

Each of these amounts reflects the strong performance of our legacy assets as well as contributions from another $1.6 billion of new long-term contracted and rate-regulated assets placed into service in early 2020.

Next, I'll make a few comments on our 3 core businesses, starting with our natural gas pipeline business. Customer demand for our services remained strong despite the COVID-19 impacts on the broader North American economy. Evidence of this can be seen in the volumes transported across our systems with the NGTL System field receipts averaging about 12.2 Bcf a day. The Canadian Mainline Western receipts averaging 3.2 Bcf a day. Our broader U.S. pipeline network moving approximately 26 Bcf a day, and our Mexican pipelines moving approximately 1.5 Bcf a day. Each of these amounts are similar to or greater than the volumes moved over the same period last year. At the same time, we continue to advance more than $27 billion of capital projects associated with our natural gas pipeline businesses.

The program includes significant expansion of our NGTL System, capacity additions of our -- to our U.S. network, the Villa de Reyes pipeline, the Tula project and our Coastal GasLink pipeline project in British Columbia, which will play an important role in delivering Canadian natural gas to Asian markets.

While it's too early to determine whether the COVID-19 pandemic will have any long-term impacts on our capital programs, what I would say is directionally, we would expect some slowdown of our construction activities in capital expenditure in 2020 because of the global health crisis and the impact, the COVID-related safety protocols will have on our construction productivity.

Finally, in natural gas pipelines, last week, we are pleased to announce a 5-year revenue requirement settlement with our customers on the NGTL System. The settlement, which runs from January 2020 through December 2024, sets a base equity return of 10.1% on 40% deemed common equity and includes incentive mechanisms for certain operating costs where variances from projected amounts would be shared between TC Energy and our customers.

The settlement was a result of a collaborative process between us and our customers and is responsive to their needs during this challenging time while providing us with a stable return as we invest billions of dollars in pipeline infrastructure to enhance their connectivity of natural gas supply to premium markets.

Turning now to our liquids pipeline business, which generated solid results during the first quarter, despite extraordinary volatility in global crude oil markets. While the volatility did have an impact on our market link and liquids marketing bigger businesses, Keystone continued to produce solid results as it serves an important market in the U.S. Midwest and Gulf Coast and is underpinned by long-term take-or-pay contracts with strong counterparties.

Also in Liquids Pipelines, we recently announced that we would commence construction of Keystone pipeline or the Keystone XL pipeline. Keystone XL is the fourth phase of the Keystone system and continues to be a very important project for both Canada and the United States. It will create thousands of jobs, advanced energy security for both nations in an environmentally and sustainable way. The project is underpinned by a new 20-year take-or-pay contracts that are expected to generate approximately USD 1.3 billion of incremental EBITDA on an annual basis once the pipeline is placed into service.

Keystone XL will require an additional investment of approximately USD 8 billion and is expected to enter service in 2023. To advance the project, we have entered into a partnership with the government of Alberta, who will invest approximately $1.1 billion of equity into the project and fully guarantee a USD 4.2 billion project level credit facility. Once the project is completed and placed into service, we expect to acquire the Alberta government's equity investment and refinance the credit facility.

We appreciate the ongoing backing of landowners, customers, indigenous groups and numerous other partners in the U.S. and Canada, who have helped us secure project support and key regulatory approvals for this very important energy infrastructure project.

In addition, I'd like to thank the many government officials across North America for their support without which this project could not have advanced.

Moving forward, we will continue to carefully manage various legal and regulatory matters as we construct this pipeline, which will have the capacity to move about 830,000 barrels a day of responsibly produced energy from the Canadian oil sands to the continent's largest refining market in the U.S. Gulf Coast.

Turning now to Power and Storage, where Bruce Power continued to produce solid results through the first 3 months of this year. After years of preparation, in January, Bruce Power commenced work on the Unit 6 Major Component Replacement, or MCR outage, when they took it off-line here in January. We expect to invest approximately $2.4 billion in that program as well as the ongoing asset management program through 2023 when the Unit 6 refurbishment is targeted to be done.

Unfortunately, because of COVID-19 on March 25, 2020, Bruce Power declared force majeure under its contract with the independent electric system operator. This force majeure notice covers the Unit 6 MCR and certain asset management work. At the time, the force majeure was declared, the Unit 6 MCR program was ahead of schedule.

Despite the force majeure, Bruce Power has been able to continue limited work on critical path activities as well as training for the MCR contractors. In late April, remobilization of the MCR workforce began with strict COVID-19 measures in place with respect to worker safety. The measures include shift adjustments to reduce headcount, increased personal protective equipment, physical distancing and a reduction in noncritical work.

Operations and planned outages on all other units are expected to continue as normal. Finally, in power, earlier this week, we completed the sale of 3 natural gas-fired power plants in Ontario, Napanee, Halton Hills and our interest in the Portlands Energy Center. Net proceeds of approximately $2.8 billion will be used to help fund our industry-leading capital program.

So in summary, today, we are advancing $43 billion secured growth projects that are expected to enter service by 2023. We have invested approximately $12 billion into this program to date with approximately $6 billion of these projects expected to be completed by the end of 2020. Notably, they are all underpinned by cost of service regulation or long-term contracts, giving us visibility to earnings and cash flow they will generate as they enter service.

Based on the strength of our recent financial performance and our promising outlook for the future, in February, TC Energy's Board of Directors declared a first quarter 2020 dividend of $0.81 per common share, which is equivalent to $3.24 on an annual basis. This represents an 8% increase over the amount declared for the same period in 2019 and is the 20th consecutive year that our Board of Directors has raised the dividend.

Over that same time frame, we have maintained consistently strong coverage ratios with our dividend, on average, representing a payout of approximately 80% of comparable earnings and 40% of comparable funds generated from operations leaving us with significantly internally-generated cash flow to invest in our businesses.

Based on the continued strong performance of our base business, the organic growth and the organic growth we expect to realize as we advance our $43 billion secured capital program, we expect our dividend to grow at an annual average rate of 8% to 10% through 2021 and 5% to 7% thereafter.

So in summary, I'd leave you with the following key messages. Today, we are a leading North American energy infrastructure company with a strong track record of delivering long-term shareholder value. Our assets provide an essential service to the functioning of the North American society and its economy and the demand for our services remain strong.

Looking forward, we have 5 significant platforms for growth: Canadian, U.S. and Mexican Natural Gas Pipelines, Liquids Pipelines and Power and Storage. As we advance our $43 billion secured capital program, we expect to build on our long track record of growing earnings, cash flow and dividends per share.

We have also more than $10 billion of projects in the advanced stages of development and expect numerous other in corridor organic growth opportunities to emanate from our extensive critical asset footprints.

Looking forward, (technical difficulty) working in accordance with our values and responding quickly to market signals and sign posts to ensure we remain industry-leading and resilient as we continue to grow shareholder value.

I'll now turn the call over to Don, who will provide more details on our first quarter results and our financial position. Don, over to you.

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Donald R. Marchand, TC Energy Corporation - Executive VP of Strategy & Corporate Development and CFO [4]

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Thanks, Russ. Good afternoon, everyone. As outlined in our results issued earlier today, net income attributable to common shares was $1.15 billion or $1.22 per share in the first quarter of 2020 compared to $1 billion or $1.09 per share for the same period in 2019.

First quarter results included a positive $281 million income tax valuation allowance release following our reassessment of deferred tax assets that are deemed more likely than not to be realized as a result of our decision to proceed with Keystone XL. This was partially offset by an incremental after-tax loss of $77 million related to the Ontario natural gas-fired power plants held for sale. First quarter 2019 also included certain specific items outlined on the slide and discussed further in our first quarter 2020 report to shareholders.

These specific items as well as unrealized gains and losses from changes in risk management activities are excluded from comparable earnings.

Comparable earnings in the first quarter rose by $122 million to $1.1 billion or $1.18 per share compared to $987 million or $1.07 per share in 2019, representing a 10% increase on a per share basis.

Turning to our business segment results on Slide 14. In the first quarter, comparable EBITDA from our 5 operating segments was $2.5 billion, a $152 million increase compared to 2019. Canadian Natural Gas Pipelines comparable EBITDA of $597 million was $41 million higher than the same period last year, primarily on account of increased rate base earnings as well as flow through depreciation and financial charges on the NGTL System from additional facilities placed in service. This was partially offset by lower flow through income taxes on both the NGTL System and the Canadian Mainline as a result of accelerated tax depreciation measures enacted by the Canadian federal government in June 2019.

NGTL System net income increased $22 million compared to first quarter 2019 as a result of a higher average investment base and continued system expansions and reflects an ROE of 10.1% on 40% deemed equity. Net income for the Canadian Mainline decreased $5 million year-over-year, largely due to lower incentive earnings.

U.S. natural gas pipelines comparable EBITDA of USD 766 million or CAD 1.032 billion in the quarter rose by USD 36 million or CAD 60 million compared to the same period in 2019. The increase was mainly due to contributions from Columbia Gas and Columbia Gulf growth projects placed in service, partially offset by the sale of certain Columbia midstream assets in August 2019.

Mexico Natural Gas pipelines comparable EBITDA of USD 198 million or CAD 269 million was USD 88 million or CAD 123 million above first quarter 2019. The increase was primarily due to higher earnings in Sur de Texas, including USD 55 million associated with onetime fees realized as a result of the successful completion of the project compared to contract targets as well as fees received from operating the pipeline.

Liquids Pipelines comparable EBITDA declined by $118 million to $445 million in first quarter 2020, driven by lower uncontracted volumes on the Keystone pipeline system, a decreased contribution from liquids marketing activities due to lower margins and reduced earnings as a result of the partial monetization of Northern Courier in July 2019.

Power and Storage comparable EBITDA rose by $43 million year-over-year to $194 million due to higher Bruce Power results, which were augmented by an increased realized power price and higher production resulting from fewer outage days, partially offset by losses on funds invested for post-retirement benefits.

The higher contribution from Bruce Power was modestly offset by lower Canadian power results, largely due to an outage at our Mackay River cogeneration facility, which began late fourth quarter 2019 and the sale of the Coolidge generating station in May 2019. For all our businesses with U.S. dollar-denominated income, including U.S. natural gas pipelines, Mexico Natural Gas Pipelines and parts of Liquids Pipelines, EBITDA was translated into Canadian dollars using an average exchange rate of CAD 1.34 in first quarter 2020 compared similar to the rate used for the same period in 2019.

As a reminder of our approach to managing foreign exchange exposure, our U.S. dollar-denominated revenue streams are partially hedged by interest on U.S. dollar-denominated debt. We then actively managed the residual exposure on a rolling 1-year forward basis with realized gains and losses on this program reflected in comparable interest income and other.

Now turning to the other income statement items on Slide 15. Depreciation and amortization of $630 million increased $22 million versus first quarter 2019, largely due to new projects placed in service in Canadian Natural Gas Pipelines and U.S. Natural Gas Pipelines. Depreciation of Canadian Natural Gas Pipelines is recoverable in tolls on a flow-through basis.

Interest expense of $578 million for first quarter 2020 was $8 million lower year-over-year, primarily due to the net effect of higher capitalized interest related to Coastal GasLink and Keystone XL, lower interest rates on higher levels of short-term borrowings and long-term debt issuances net of maturities.

AFUDC decreased $57 million for the 3 months ended March 31, 2020, compared to the same period in 2019, largely due to Columbia Gas growth projects placed in service during 2019 and the suspension of recording AFUDC effective January 1, 2020, on Tula due to continuing construction delays.

Comparable interest income and other increased by $19 million in the first quarter versus 2019, primarily due to unrealized foreign exchange gains on peso-denominated deferred income tax liabilities, reflecting the weakening of the Mexican peso in first quarter 2020.

Income tax expense included in comparable earnings was $211 million in first quarter 2020 compared to $228 million for the same period last year. The $17 million decrease was mainly due to lower flow-through income taxes on Canadian rate-regulated pipelines, inclusive of a lower Alberta corporate income tax rate, partially offset by lower foreign tax rate differentials and increased pretax earnings.

Excluding Canadian rate-regulated pipelines, where income taxes are a flow-through item and thus quite variable, along with equity AFUDC income in U.S. and Mexico Natural Gas Pipelines, we expect our 2020 full year effective tax rate to be in the mid- to high teens after normalizing for these items.

Comparable net income attributable to noncontrolling interest of $96 million in the first quarter decreased by $5 million related to the same period last year, primarily due to lower earnings in TC PipeLines, LP. And finally, preferred share dividends were comparable to first quarter 2019.

Now turning to Slide 16. During the first quarter, we invested approximately $2.3 billion in our capital program, which reflects 100% of Coastal GasLink spending pending close of the equity sale of the KKR and AIMCo expected in the second quarter. Capital expenditures were largely funded with comparable funds generated from operations of $2.1 billion, along with cash on hand and notes payable.

As everyone is acutely aware, capital market conditions have been significantly impacted by COVID-19, resulting in periods of dramatically heightened volatility and reduced liquidity. In response to this, we secured approximately $6.6 billion of additional financial capacity in early April through long-term debt issuances in Canada and the U.S. on compelling terms, along with the establishment of USD 2 billion of incremental committed credit facilities.

Our solid financial position was bolstered earlier this week with the completion of the disposition of our 3 Ontario natural gas-fired power plants for $2.8 billion.

The sale will result in a final estimated after-tax loss of $370 million, of which $271 million was realized at March 31, 2020. The remaining amount will be recorded on close and reflected in second quarter 2020 results.

These transactions have collectively added over $9 billion in incremental liquidity over the past months, enhancing our financial flexibility and demonstrating our continued access to capital markets under stressed market conditions.

Looking forward, our financial strength will improve further upon completing the partial monetization of and establishing project level financing for Coastal GasLink. In late April, we executed a credit agreement with the syndicate of banks extending nonrecourse project level financing to fund the majority of the project's construction costs.

The credit facilities will be available to be drawn once conditions precedent have been met, including the closing of the equity purchase agreement with KKR and AIMCo, which is expected to occur in the second quarter.

As was highlighted, we have also secured government of Alberta support for Keystone XL in the form of a USD 1.1 billion equity contribution and USD 4.2 billion loan guarantee.

Read this article:
Edited Transcript of TRP.TO earnings conference call or presentation 1-May-20 7:00pm GMT - Yahoo Finance

In 2018, Adidas stunned the world with its first-ever 3D printed shoeAlphaedge 4D. Gillette introduced theRazor Makerplatform, which uses Formlabs Form 2 3D printers to provide unique and highly personalized razors to their customers. And Lufthansa is investing in 3D printed aircraft parts.

If we take a look at our surroundings, we can see the vast potential that 3D printing technology can create. However, 3D printing technology has an impact in unexpected industries. Not only can a 3D printer create that new shoe or that exciting prototype, but it can also have incredible potential in dietary supplements, medicine and environmental sustainability.

As the founder of the $100 million Longevity Vision Fund, which is dedicated to accelerating life extension breakthroughs, here's why I believe 3D supplement printing may be the next trend in longevity.

Applications In Dietary Supplements

The world of fitness, health and wellness is aggressively pursuing the ability to mass-personify. You can see examples of this on Instagram, which is filled with countless health, fitness and wellness apps promising customized, unique-to-you products, services and meal plans. One standard product is health supplements. And 3D printing has a unique role in providing personalized supplements.

Health supplement firms are finding methods to customize supplements and hyper-target consumers' specific dietary needs and timing of the release. For example, if you are doing an intermittent fast and you plan on skipping breakfast and sleeping early, then you might want a vitamin that delivers caffeine and nutrients in the morning and relaxation and sleep-promoting herbs at night.

Multiply Labs is one of the health care supplement pioneers in the U.S that offers just that.

The company "prints" your personalized supplements, which are promised to time-release the necessary nutrients based on your needs and routines. The time-release component is achieved by 3D-printing a capsule with varying thickness. The theory is that if part of the tablet is thin, it will release the compound within 30 minutes. If it's thick, it releases in two hours, thereby achieving the desired time-specified release of nutrients.

Another company offering similar hyper-targeted health supplements isNourish3d. Nourish3d provides a subscription option of vegan, sugar-free, made-to-order "stacks." The stacks look and taste like gummies and can be customized to your lifestyle and goals.

For example, busy, stressed business professionals can choose "The High Flyer Stack" to improve concentration, relieve stress and reduce nausea. (Maybe from all of those meetings?) Vegans can take advantage of "The Plant-Based Power Stack," which contains vitamins and superfoods to help enhance their diet.

Applications In Medicine

If we can print targeted and time-specific supplements, then it's not a big leap to soon be able to do so with pharmaceutical medicine as well.

Similar to the health supplements, doctors will be able to prescribe and provide specific, customized and potentially time-controlled dosages specific to each patient's body components.

The time-release innovation can also significantly impact the management of chronic conditions, such as high blood pressure and diabetes.

In the United States, one out of every three adults has high blood pressure. Patients with high blood pressure face complicated and difficult therapy regimens. This is because patients are sometimes prescribed multiple high blood pressure medications with different dosages, side effects and methods to lower blood pressure. The complexity in drug and drug regimen leads to poor adherence, which is associatedwith increased risks of coronary and cerebrovascular events.

While an estimated 33% of adults in the United States have high blood pressure, 10% of the entire U.S. population is diagnosed with diabetes. For patients with diabetes, drug regimes can be highly individualized and complex. For example, one study found that Type 2 diabetes patients were prescribed 8.6 pills per dayon average. Similar to nonadherence with blood pressure medication,at least 45%of Type 2 diabetes patients fail to achieve glycemic control due to inadequate medical adherence.

If we can offer one simple 3D-printed medication that combines different dosages, we can significantly improve nonadherence.

Environmental Impact

One underlying consequence of both health supplements and medicine capsules is enormous environmental damage. On-demand 3D printing of supplements and drugs could help cut down on financial and ecological waste from medicines that have spoiled, been over-prescribed, discontinued or expired.

For example, back in 2008, an Associated Press investigation revealed that "U.S. hospitals and long-term care facilities annually flush millions of pounds of unused pharmaceuticals down the drain, pumping contaminants into drinking water." At the same time, individual cancer drug vials contain larger doses than patients need. Once a patient uses the necessary amount, the rest of the medication is discarded. This has led to an estimated $3 billion of unused cancer drugs being thrown away each year.

3D printed cancer drugs can customize the exact amount of dosage the patient might need or combine multiple dosages into one pill. This cuts down on the unused and discarded medications.

In summary, not only can we 3D print shoes, razors and even aircraft doors, but we can also print personalized vitamins and hyper-targeted medication in a way that is good for our environment.

Link:
Is 3D Supplement Printing The Next Trend In Longevity? - Forbes

A file photo of an F-16C Block 50 of the 480th FS. (Image credit: Author).

On Apr. 23, 2020, the F-16C tail number #91-0343 assigned to the 480th Fighter Squadron of the 52nd Fighter Wing, based at Spangdahlem Air Base, Germany, became the first Block 50 Viper (as the Fighting Falcon is nicknamed within the fighter pilot community) in Europe to achieve 10,000 FH (Flight Hours), Stars and Stripes reported.

Tail 343 is the second F-16 in USAF inventory to achieve the 10K FH mark: the first the tail number #90-0808, a Block 50 F-16C flying with the 14th FS/35th FW out of Misawa AB, in Japan, that achieved the 10,000 flight hours on Jun. 10, 2019. Interestingly, the F-16 at Misawa hit first the milestone but it took 26 years and 11 months to reach 10,000 hours two months longer than the Spangdahlem jet.

Whatever, its worth remembering that the Block 50s were initially designed for a service life of 8,000 FH. However, thanks to the F-16 Service Life Extension Program, SLEP, launched in 2017, 350 will receive structural modifications that will raise their service life from 8,000 to 12,000 hours: whats needed to keep the Viper in service until 2045 -2048. There would also be room for a further extension as one test article, put through simulated was put through a simulated service life of more than 27,000 hours!

The SLEP combines a dozen structural modifications into one repeatable package from bulkheads to wings and canopy with all the stateside modifications completed at Hill AFB. The work on each airframe takes about 9 months at a cost of $2.4 million.

As a side note, some of our readers will probably remember what happened to the USAF Viper Demo Team F-16C at RIAT (Royal International Air Tattoo), at RAF Fairford, UK, on Jul. 21, 2019: the airframe 96-0080 suffered delamination (i.e. separation along a plane parallel to a surface, as in the separation of a coating from a substrate or the layers of a coating from each other or, in the case of a concrete slab, a horizontal splitting, cracking, or separation near the upper surface) of the right H-stab few minutes into the display forcing Maj. Garret Schmitz, pilot and commander of the Demo Team, to stop his routine and declared an emergency. Back then, someone wondered whether the Demo Team aircraft, by accident on loan from the 480th FS Warhawks from Spangdahlem, had undergone SLEP modifications already. However, SLEP does not affect the tail stabilizers (or H-stabs) that, as all the other core flight control surfaces, are replaced when needed.

Go here to see the original:
F-16C At Spangdahlem AB Becomes Second Viper in USAF Inventory To Hit 10,000 Flight Hours - The Aviationist

Futuristic Reports, The growth and development of Global Oral Probiotics Market Report 2020 by Players, Regions, Type, and Application, forecast to 2026 provides industry analysis and forecast from 2020-2026. Global Oral Probiotics Market analysis delivers important insights and provides a competitive and useful advantage to the pursuers. Oral Probiotics processes, economic growth is analyzed as well. The data chart is also backed up by using statistical tools.

Simultaneously, we classify different Oral Probiotics markets based on their definitions. Downstream consumers and upstream materials scrutiny are also carried out. Each segment includes an in-depth explanation of the factors that are useful to drive and restrain it.

Key Players Mentioned in the study are Oragenics, Life Extension, TheraBreath, Lallemand, Bluestone Pharma, Jarrow Formulas, Now Foods, BioGaia, ProBiora Health, Hyperbiotics, Bifodan

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Key Issues Addressed by Oral Probiotics Market: It is very significant to have Oral Probiotics segmentation analysis to figure out the essential factors of growth and development of the market in a particular sector. The Oral Probiotics report offers well summarized and reliable information about every segment of growth, development, production, demand, types, application of the specific product which will be useful for players to focus and highlight on.

Businesses Segmentation of Oral Probiotics Market:

On the basis on the applications, this report focuses on the status and Oral Probiotics outlook for major applications/end users, sales volume, and growth rate for each application, including-

Child Adult

On the basis of types/products, this Oral Probiotics report displays the revenue (Million USD), product price, market share, and growth rate of each type, split into-

Powder Chewable tablets Others

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NOTE: Our team is studying Covid-19 impact analysis on various industry verticals and Country Level impact for a better analysis of markets and industries. The 2020 latest edition of this report is entitled to provide additional commentary on latest scenario, economic slowdown and COVID-19 impact on overall industry. Further it will also provide qualitative information about when industry could come back on track and what possible measures industry players are taking to deal with current situation.

OR

You just drop an Email to:[emailprotected] us if you are looking for any Economical shift towards the New Normal on any Country or Industry Verticals.

Oral Probiotics Market Regional Analysis Includes:

Asia-Pacific (Vietnam, China, Malaysia, Japan, Philippines, Korea, Thailand, India, Indonesia, and Australia) Europe (Turkey, Germany, Russia UK, Italy, France, etc.) North America (the United States, Mexico, and Canada.) South America (Brazil etc.) The Middle East and Africa (GCC Countries and Egypt.)

Oral Probiotics Insights that Study is going to provide:

Gain perceptive study of this current Oral Probiotics sector and also possess a comprehension of the industry; Describe the Oral Probiotics advancements, key issues, and methods to moderate the advancement threats; Competitors In this chapter, leading players are studied with respect to their company profile, product portfolio, capacity, price, cost, and revenue. A separate chapter on Oral Probiotics market structure to gain insights on Leaders confrontational towards market [Merger and Acquisition / Recent Investment and Key Developments] Patent Analysis** Number of patents filed in recent years.

Table of Content:

Global Oral Probiotics Market Size, Status and Forecast 20261. Market Introduction and Market Overview2. Industry Chain Analysis3. Oral Probiotics Market, by Type4. Oral Probiotics Market, by Application5. Production, Value ($) by Regions6. Production, Consumption, Export, Import by Regions (2016-2020)7. Market Status and SWOT Analysis by Regions (Sales Point)8. Competitive Landscape9. Analysis and Forecast by Type and Application10. Channel Analysis11. New Project Feasibility Analysis12. Market Forecast 2020-202613. Conclusion

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Oral Probiotics Market 2020 Future Growth Prospects and Trends | Oragenics, Life Extension, TheraBreath and Others - Cole of Duty

27 April 2020

The effect on jobs globally as a result of COVID-19 has been uneven to say the least. While some industries and organisations are booming and hiring thousands, others are being hit hard. The nuclear industry employment situation could be best described as behaving like a nuclear power plant - continuing reliably without creating much attention while competently adapting to the needs of the current situation, writes Callum Thomas, CEO of Thomas Thor Associates.

One of the benefits of safety being at the heart of the culture in the nuclear industry is that consideration for the health and well-being of workers is already the primary objective. Nuclear sites - operating, under construction or in decommissioning - have long established emergency preparedness procedures and continue to run smoothly. The main change has been a rapid transition to home working for the workforce, for all those other than essential workers on operating sites and construction projects. This has presented the same challenges that other industries have faced around providing the necessary equipment, access and security for people to work effectively from home. Non-essential projects and workstreams have been slowed down or put on hold in order to minimise unnecessary social contact. Although the number of permanent lay-offs is limited in the short-term, there are a significant number of workers from operating and construction sites deemed non-essential that are not doing their usual jobs right now.

The nuclear industry has not been at the forefront of remote working practices up until now but has adapted quickly in recent weeks. Every day I am speaking with people across the industry worldwide who are pleasantly surprised about how effectively they can carry out their jobs remotely. The other major feedback theme is around efficiency. The evaluation of activities to ascertain whether they are essential and the review of working practices to ensure social distancing rules are met have led to significant efficiency gains. Construction sites are continuing to meet milestones with fewer workers on site, and the number of meetings we are all physically attending has been drastically curtailed (although we are rapidly replacing them with video calls!).

The result is that there have not been large-scale reductions in workforce across the nuclear industry, and there are few industries in a better position to adapt to the new social-distancing workplace environment that will become the norm as we come out of this crisis. While this current picture is one of adaption and steadiness, the view of the future is far more radical.

Choruses of governments are basing COVID-19 policy and action on the advice of leading scientists. Imagine if our global response to climate change was formed on the same basis. Scientists are already loudly warning about the consequences of not acting now to slow down climate change. Maybe the COVID-19 crisis will mark a turning point in how seriously the scientific evidence will define and prioritise policy and action. We have an opportunity to apply the value of hindsight gained from the COVID-19 crisis to the climate change crisis, which has potentially far greater consequences but is playing out at a speed that seems to prevent us from seeing it as an emergency.

There are four priorities that will be paramount for countries after the COVID-19 crisis - economic recovery, job creation, energy security and addressing climate change. Nuclear energy provides a solution to all four of these priorities.

Creating jobs to boost the economy and build essential national infrastructure in the form of nuclear power plants and used fuel solutions that support energy security and reduce carbon emissions would contribute perfectly to the solution. It will take a while for this action to filter down to large-scale job creation.

Energy policy changes and unlocking of funding sources for new nuclear plants and used fuel facilities in the short term will lead to some new jobs being created in the coming years for work related to modernisation and plant life extension, and then on a larger scale over the next 5-10 years as new nuclear facilities start to be built. These will be highly skilled jobs delivering long-term projects and supporting facilities with long lifetimes, creating a competent workforce that will bring down the cost of future construction of new nuclear.

Commitment to invest in nuclear from governments and developers will provide the signal for investment throughout the supply chain in construction and manufacturing capabilities as well as skills development. This will lead to more high-value jobs, although the supply chain will need to see really firm commitment to give them the confidence to invest.

An immediate action for the nuclear industry that will have long-term workforce benefits is to collectively work on the employer brand of the industry. Never has job security been so important in the eyes of workers. The nuclear industry is offering long-term career opportunities working with cutting edge technologies to create solutions to climate change and environmental remediation. It also has a primary focus on safety and well-being, an extraordinarily collaborative and supportive working environment and an increasing culture of flexible working. This is a narrative that has not yet made it to the mainstream, but it could with the right communication effort.

Creating a workforce that is representative of the communities in which the nuclear industry serves is a core objective and organisations such as Women in Nuclear and EqualEngineers are doing great work to support this. We are increasingly appreciating the benefits of diversity in our teams and organisations, not just in the form of characteristics such as gender, age and ethnicity, but also cognitive diversity and diversity of experience. What better way to provide a boost to diversity to the global nuclear workforce than to bring people from different industries?

Hand picking individuals who have been responsible for on-time and on-budget delivery of projects, or the safe and efficient operation of complex facilities, will be essential if we are to achieve the Harmony Goal of 25% electricity generated by nuclear by 2050 and develop effective used fuel solutions. We are also seeing the effects of the stagnation of the nuclear industry in many parts of the world in the 1990s, which has led to gaps in succession for senior leadership roles. These gaps can be filled by bringing people from outside the sector.

The short-term effects of the COVID-19 crisis have not led to significant permanent job losses and have stimulated some positive responses from the nuclear industry, such as an accelerated transition to remote and flexible working and efficiency improvements at sites kept running by essential workers. The longer-term effects could well be radical. Governments could work out that Economic recovery + Job creation + Energy security + Climate change action = Investment in nuclear power plants and used fuel facilities. If the nuclear industry can effectively engage with stakeholders in the clean energy future to communicate the career opportunities available, then the workforce will grow and diversify while solving some of the world's biggest challenges.

Callum Thomas

Continued here:
Viewpoint: The impact of COVID-19 on nuclear jobs : Perspectives - World Nuclear News

US President Donald Trump with his first Secretary of Defense, James Mattis, in 2017. Mattis oversaw the 2018 Nuclear Posture Review. Photo credit: US Defense Department via Flickr.

It is difficult to overstate the importance of nuclear policy in determining a US presidential candidates fitness to be commander-in-chief. Such priorities are evident in the Bulletins recently published special issue dedicated to discussing nuclear weapons policy ahead of the 2020 election. Nuclear issues played a prominent role in the 2016 election, but despite some anomalies, they have hardly factored into the 2020 campaign. This is almost certain to change even as priority is given to the COVID-19 pandemic response. Nevertheless, very few recent polls (with one notable exception) have attempted to identify preferences among the US population for President Donald Trumps nuclear policies.

To fill this gap, we worked with the firm YouGov in late 2018 after the release of the Trump administrations Nuclear Posture Review to conduct a nationally representative survey of 1,000 Americans. Previous surveys have illuminated US public attitudes on nuclear energy, extending the New START treaty, and even hypothetical nuclear retaliatory scenarios. It isnt clear, however, how Americans view the core elements of the Trump administrations nuclear policy: its Nuclear Posture Review and its overall strategies toward Iran and North Korea. We report our study results publicly for the first time here, offering insights for policymakers and presidential candidates as they weigh their positions on nuclear issues.

Nuclear Posture Review. The study highlights how the US public as a whole and various demographic groups view Trumps positions on nuclear weapons. To begin, we asked respondents to indicate whether they supported, opposed, or were unsure about key parts of the 2018 Nuclear Posture Review.

Of course, many elements of the Trump administrations nuclear posture are continuations of longstanding US policy that have been preserved by Republican and Democratic presidents alike. Our survey questions did not indicate the current US administrations policy on different parts of the Nuclear Posture Review. So the results convey the respondents natural preferences for the policies themselves, not for the current occupant of the White House. Such data should prove useful to politicians staking out campaign stances on nuclear weapons that would have broad public appeal.

Our findings reveal that Americans overall express fairly low support for the administrations nuclear weapons policies, though indecision also runs high among the public. Further, the table of group preferences indicateswith a few surprising exceptionsthat males, Republicans, and older Americans are the most likely groups to back President Trump on nuclear issues. Even so, support is relatively modest among Trumps base, and several elements of the Nuclear Posture Review do not receive majority or even plurality support from Republicans.

Figure 1. Public Opinion on the 2018 Nuclear Posture Review

Figure 2. Group Support Levels for 2018 Nuclear Posture Review

Deterrence and nuclear retaliation. The Nuclear Posture Review continues the policy of extending a nuclear umbrella to over thirty allies and partners with approximately 1,750 deployed US warheads. Around 150 of these weapons are B61 tactical nuclear gravity bombs deployed in Europe. These policies of extended deterrence continue, despite Trump questioning the logic of the nuclear umbrella on many occasions. Similarly, our results indicate a skeptical public.

Only 34 percent of Americans support the longstanding policy of providing the nuclear umbrella in principle, and that number drops to 27.9 percent for nuclear deployments in Europe. It is no wonder that some experts have speculated that countries like Germany, Japan, and South Korea may soon consider building the bomb. Yet, even with Trumps rhetoric against these assurances, men and Republicans remain the most supportive of the nuclear umbrella and forward-deployed B61 nuclear bombs. Women, Democrats, and Independents respond less favorably. Additionally, Americans who came of age during the Cold War are more favorable toward these policies than their Millennial and Generation Z counterparts.

We also estimate that fewer than 20 percent of Americans support possible US first use of nuclear weapons. By contrast, disapproval stands at 63.5 percent. Somewhat unpredictably, we found that only 13.2 percent of Republicans approve of the US using nuclear weapons first, compared to 22.2 percent of Democrats and 22.7 percent of Independents. And despite being the age bracket most supportive of extended deterrence, respondents age 55 and older are least likely to back a first-use declaratory policy. The public is also broadly unsupportive of using nuclear weapons in response to cyberattacks. Greater Republican supportrepresenting a minority of Republicans nonethelessfor this policy than for nuclear first use more generally is slightly puzzling given its inconsistency.

Still, our counterintuitive findings regarding Republicans and Americans age 55 and older raise an interesting question: Why might groups that tend to support extended deterrence strongly oppose first use of nuclear weapons? We speculate that two factors may account for this puzzle, although further investigation is warranted to definitively answer the question. First, older voters are more likely to be Republicans than Democrats, so these results may be related. Research shows that Americans who were alive during the peaks of the USSoviet arms race are less likely to support nuclear use than younger generations. Second, it is possible that many individuals who have faith in the credibility and mechanics of deterrence simply find a first-strike declaratory policy unnecessary.

Regardless, a majority of every demographic group of Americanswhether by gender, political party, age, race, education, income, or region of residenceoppose a first-use doctrine. Public opinion may accordingly present opportunities for presidential candidates to favor a policy of no first use of nuclear weapons.

Modernization, development, and testing. On the whole, the public doesnt support the Nuclear Posture Reviews continuation of Obama administration efforts to modernize the nuclear stockpile and complex. The Congressional Budget Office notes this 30-year plan will cost $1.2 trillion by 2046. This may amount to $1.7 trillion after adjusting for inflation, or up to 6 percent of defense spending. Public opposition stands at 47.8 percent, with 31.3 percent approving and 20.9 percent undecided. But there are clear divisions along partisan and age lines. A slim majority of Republicans endorse the modernization strategy while a stronger majority of Democrats object. Since just 17.6 percent of Americans ages 1834 approve of such spending on nuclear weapons, it remains to be seen whether the modernization plan remains politically viable in coming decades.

However, even if the public is lukewarm about nuclear spending in principle, it is unclear to what extent voters understand the modernization program. Its projects include wide-ranging warhead and missile life extension programs, command and control upgrades, and new production sites like the Uranium Processing Facility at the Y-12 National Security Complex. The program also calls for the development of several new strategic systems such as the B-21 Raider strategic bomber, the Columbia-class ballistic missile submarine, the Ground-Based Strategic Deterrent intercontinental ballistic missile, and the Long-Range Stand-Off air-launched cruise missile.

We surveyed Americans about two specific efforts that have received considerable media coverage: the now-deployed W76-2 low-yield warhead for submarine-launched ballistic missiles and the proposed new submarine-launched nuclear cruise missile. If negative attitudes toward modernization were informed by components of the program, we would expect the public to oppose both efforts. Instead, a plurality of the public favors eachwith stark gender, age, and political party divisions. A majority of men, a plurality of older Americans, and nearly two-thirds of Republicans approve. Women, young people, and Democrats are far less enthusiastic. Regardless, greater support for these systems versus modernization in general suggests the public may be relatively persuadable about other efforts to strengthen the US deterrent.

Last, we asked participants about the Nuclear Posture Review statement that the United States will not seek ratification of the Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban Treaty. A 2012 National Academy of Sciences study effectively addressed concerns about potential treaty verification and about the efficacy of the Stockpile Stewardship Program for maintaining a safe, secure, and reliable arsenal without nuclear explosive tests. And the administrations policy diverges from more than six decades of public opinion polling, including our own previous work showing 65 percent of Americans want ratification. Our findings were even stronger this time, indicating that only 10.1 percent of Americans agree with the Trump administrations policy of not seeking treaty ratification. On the other hand, 74.8 percent prefer US ratification and 15.1 percent remain undecided. Stunningly, a mere 11.4 percent of Republicans, 12.5 percent of Independents, and 7.5 percent of Democrats agree with President Trump on the issue. The door of public opinion appears to be wide open for presidential candidates to pledge their support for the Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban Treaty.

Iran and North Korea. Aside from the ongoing COVID-19 crisis, few foreign policy issues throughout Trumps term have commanded public attention like his nuclear diplomacy with Iran and North Korea. The presidents approaches toward these countries could hardly differ more. It is imperative for candidates to understand how the public views these divergent paths. Although there have been new developments in American relations with Iran and North Korea, the overall trajectory of US policy hasnt changed since we conducted our survey. The results therefore provide a useful snapshot of public views.

The Trump administration has overseen a dramatic worsening of USIran relations. Trump withdrew US participation from the Iran nuclear deal, or Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action, in May 2018. He has since waged a campaign of maximum pressure consisting of harsh sanctions and military threats. These actions led to mutual escalations including the killing in January 2020 of Iranian Quds Force commander General Qasem Soleimani by a US MQ-9 Reaper drone and retaliatory ballistic missile strikes against US air bases in Iraq. Both sides have since deescalated, and polling indicates the US public has no interest in war with Iran. Unfortunately, diplomacy still appears exceptionally unlikely in the future due to continuing high tensions.

The survey asked about support or opposition for Trumps position of withdrawing from the deal and reimposing sanctions on Iran. Opinion is predictably divided, with 54.1 percent favoring the withdrawal and 45.9 percent dissenting. Unsurprisingly, partisanship appears to be the primary driver of individual support for the agreement. A strong majority of Republicans (88.6 percent) favor remaining outside the deal with just 11.4 percent in opposition. On the other side of the aisle, only 23.4 percent of Democrats approve of President Trumps Iran policy and 76.6 percent would prefer to see the United States return to the deal. Among Independents, 53.5 percent back the withdrawal and 46.5 percent do not. While many of the survey results point to surprising public consensus on nuclear issues, approaches to Iran remain divisive.

USNorth Korea tensions have also been concerningly high at several points during the Trump administration. North Korea accelerated its nuclear and ballistic missile testing, and its Supreme Leader Kim Jong-un and President Trump even famously exchanged nuclear threats, with the president issuing some via Twitter. However, Kim announced a unilateral moratorium on tests in April 2018, and the two subsequently held face-to-face nuclear negotiations in Singapore and Hanoi, Vietnam. But following the failure to quickly achieve a deal, at the beginning of 2020, Kim declared that North Korea was no longer bound by the testing moratorium. As of March 30, North Koreas Foreign Ministry stated that the country was no longer interested in dialogue with the United States. Denuclearization now seems as far away as ever.

We asked respondents to rate their satisfaction with the results Trump achieved at the Singapore Summit. This is an important matter because the administration has touted Singapore as an overwhelming success in North Koreas journey toward denuclearization. The public is somewhat evenly divided: 30.1 percent are satisfied, 33.1 percent are dissatisfied, and 36.8 percent are undecided. Predictably, support for Trumps diplomacy split along political party lines. Yet, average public attitudes toward ongoing diplomacy more closely approximate indecision than political polarization. Perhaps the public has come to the same conclusion that most policymakers seem to have reached. When dealing with North Korea, there are few ideal options, but none less so than war against a country with demonstrated nuclear weapons capabilities.

Toward the election. Voters need to understand candidates nuclear policy positions before heading to the polls. But public preferences must also be part of the equation. While the vast majority of Americans are simply not nuclear policy or technology experts, nuclear issues nonetheless evoke strong emotions. Our study demonstrates that, while indecision is widespread, the public has several clear preferences on topics related to nuclear weapons. Politicians would be wise to consider their broad contours when formulating campaign platforms.

What are the US publics preferences on nuclear weapons? In the age of America First, the public appears increasingly skeptical of taking on risks even on behalf of Washingtons closest allies. It may be time for leaders to articulate why alliances and the nuclear umbrella are important, or to begin reassessing policies like forward-deployed tactical nuclear weapons. The public also opposes the first use of nuclear weapons, even in response to a cyberattack. These findings suggest a need to revisit declaratory policy and the possibility of making a no-first-use pledge. Likewise, Americans emphatically support ratifying the Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban Treaty and slamming the door on US nuclear explosive tests. Overall, the public dislikes spending significant taxpayer dollars on nuclear weapons but appreciates the value of specific systems. And while nuclear diplomacy with Iran remains in bitter partisan gridlock, many Americans appear to be taking a wait-and-see approach to Trumps talks with North Korea.

Whether presidential candidates heed Americans attitudes is up to them and their advisors. However, our study suggests that the US public would be receptive to politicians staking clear positions, even if they involve bold changes to longstanding nuclear doctrine. And if politicians and political parties dislike these public attitudes, then they ought to be held accountable to justify their alternatives.

Data and results from the study are available from the authors upon request.

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Poll: What the American public likes and hates about Trumps nuclear policies - Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists

The Global Soy Isoflavones Market provides a basic overview of the industry including definitions, classifications, applications and industry chain structure. The Soy Isoflavones market analysis is provided for the international markets including development trends, competitive landscape analysis, and key regions development status. The report provides key statistics on the market status of the Soy Isoflavones manufacturers and is a valuable source of guidance and direction for companies and individuals interested in the industry.

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Key Companies Analysis: NOW Foods, InVite Health, ADM, DHC, GNC, Life Extension profiles overview.

This report includes the estimation of market size for value (million USD) and volume (K Units). Both top-down and bottom-up approaches have been used to estimate and validate the market size of Soy Isoflavones market, to estimate the size of various other dependent submarkets in the overall market. Key players in the market have been identified through secondary research, and their market shares have been determined through primary and secondary research. All percentage shares, splits, and breakdowns have been determined using secondary sources and verified primary sources.

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The Global Soy Isoflavones Market focuses on global major leading industry players providing information such as company profiles, product picture and specification, capacity, production, price, cost, revenue and contact information. Upstream raw materials and equipment and downstream demand analysis is also carried out. The Soy Isoflavones industry development trends and marketing channels are analyzed. Finally the feasibility of new investment projects are assessed and overall research conclusions offered. With the tables and figures the report provides key statistics on the state of the industry and is a valuable source of guidance and direction for companies and individuals interested in the market.

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Soy Isoflavones Market Analysis by 5 Key Players, Types, Applications and Growth Opportunities to 2025 - Cole of Duty

Writer Mike Makowsky was a firsthand witness of sorts to the real-life events inspiring Bad Education, which debuted at the 2019 Toronto International Film Festival and now sees wide launch via HBO. He was a six-year-old student in Roslyn Public Schools when he first met Frank Tassone, and witnessed firsthand how revered and influential the superintendent was until he was busted in 2004 for embezzling millions from the district, engineering the largest school theft in American history. With Makwoskys close ties to the saga, and Hugh Jackman and Allison Janney cast as leads, will the movie be more than just another based-on-a-true-story story?

The Gist: Roslyn High School is fourth in the country in college-acceptance rates. Fourth! And its all due to Frank Tassone. He meticulously grooms himself in the morning, spritzing cologne on his neck and plucking stray nose hairs. He walks into his office, decorated with silver balloons shaped like 4s, a snow day magic wand and issues of Life Extension magazine. He says absolutely perfect things to a helicopter parent hyperventilating about her sons troubles in school. He inspires a young journalist from the school paper to write more than just a puff piece about the schools multimillion-dollar skywalk project. Hes thanked with a basket of candy from local real estate developers, who love him for making the district great and therefore inspiring skyrocketing property values.

At lunchtime, Frank sits in the football-stadium bleachers with assistant super/business manager Pam Gluckin (Allison Janney). He laments the health-food smoothie hes consuming. I would kill somebody for a carb right now, he says, and she feeds him a big honking bite of her pastrami-on-rye. He leads the local ladies book club, and attendees didnt even read the selection. Theyre in awe of him, in his crisp light-blue oxford with white collar and cuffs adorned with fancy cufflinks. He offers to help with the dishes, and the hostess leans in, but he leans away. The memory of his late wife is too fresh, he says.

He goes to Vegas for a conference, and dutifully attends snoozy lectures while his colleagues gamble. Afterward, he sits down for a drink and recognizes the bartender: Kyle Contreras (Rafael Casal), a former student from 15 years ago when he taught English. Frank remembers his name, because he remembers everybodys name, because he and Gluckin stay at work late so she can quiz him on everybodys name. He and Kyle have dinner, and then go back to Franks hotel room and make out and then the movie cuts away. Hey now.

So about that young journalist, Rachel (Geraldine Viswanathan). Shes no longer OK with writing a crappy puff piece, so she confidently plops down in Gluckins office and asks about project budgets and contractor bids. Gluckin is only slightly icy when she tosses Rachel the key to the firetrap basement records room, although if Rachel saw Gluckins seaside near-manse and Corvette convertible, she might have even more questions about how a public school administrators humble salary can indulge such extravagant tastes. I mean, Gluckins husband is a car salesman. Gluckins niece (Annaleigh Ashford) is the office secretary who helps Rachel make a zillion photocopies of school records with some big numbers on them, and it seems like only a matter of time before some of the people in charge around there are something that rhymes with glucked.

What Movies Will It Remind You Of?: Remember how Philip Seymour Hoffman totally owned Owning Mahowny, playing a buttoned-up gambling addict who bilked big stacks of cash from the bank he worked for? You dont? (Does anybody whos not a movie critic remember?) Well, watch the damn thing, and youll see a character whos pretty much the opposite of Frank Tarrone in a similar stressful situation.

Performance Worth Watching: This is easily one of Jackmans best performances possibly THE best, especially in the first act, when hes sparklingly charming. And the second act, when he tries to keep all the squirming puppies in the box And in the third act, when he shows how a life of subterfuge sad on one hand, infuriating on the other can quickly crumble, and he makes a hard left into villainy.

Memorable Dialogue: Skywalk is big. Gets us to first!, Frank chirps.

Sex and Skin: None.

Our Take: Director Cory Finley (Thoroughbreds) and Makowsky initially strike the perfect, slyly satirical gettin-away-with-it tone, then, as soon as Gluckin goes up in flames and locks angry eyes with Frank for throwing her under the bus, seamlessly segue to I-feel-like-Im-sitting-on-an-atomic-bomb-waiting-for-it-to-go-off suspenseful drama. They nurture uniformly excellent performances, from Jackmans multifaceted charisma to Janneys trademark irascibility to Ray Romanos fluster as the school-board president to Viswanathans earnestness, which anchors the story.

The filmmakers cleverly embed character bits in the movies little visual details. The way Frank is yanked off a beanbag chair while chatting with sixth-graders so he can be informed of Gluckins malfeasance, for example. Or, in a touch of shrewd symbolism, how he carefully applies concealer to his eye wrinkles. Or how Rachel spreads out the schools sketchy budget paperwork on the floor of her bedroom with a pile of period-specific Beanie Babies watching. This is a terrific movie, smart, character-driven, frequently funny and highly entertaining.

Our Call: STREAM IT. Bad Education bullseyes the sweet spot between realism and elevated drama, making it several cuts above the usual based-on-a-true-story fodder.

John Serba is a freelance writer and film critic based in Grand Rapids, Michigan. Read more of his work at johnserbaatlarge.com or follow him on Twitter: @johnserba.

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Stream It Or Skip It: Bad Education on HBO, a Funny White-Collar-Crook Bio Featuring Hugh Jackmans Best Performance Yet - News Lagoon

SAN DIEGO, April 24, 2020 (GLOBE NEWSWIRE) -- Pfenex Inc. (NYSE American: PFNX) announced today that it will report its financial results for the first quarter ended March 31, 2020, after the market close on Thursday, May 7, 2020. Pfenex will host a conference call and webcast to discuss its financial results and provide a company update that day at 1:30 PM Pacific Time (4:30 PM Eastern Time).

About Pfenex Inc.

Pfenex is a development and licensing biotechnology company focused on leveraging its Pfenex Expression Technology to develop and improve protein therapies for unmet patient needs. Using the patented Pfenex Expression Technology platform, Pfenex has created an advanced pipeline of potential therapeutic equivalents and novel and next generation therapeutics. Pfenexs lead product candidate is PF708, a therapeutic equivalent candidate to Forteo (teriparatide injection). PF708 has been approved in the U.S. for the treatment of osteoporosis in certain patients at high risk for fracture, and marketing authorization applications are pending in other jurisdictions. In addition, Pfenex is developing hematologic oncology products in collaboration with Jazz Pharmaceuticals, including PF743, a recombinant crisantaspase, and PF745, a recombinant crisantaspase with half-life extension technology. Pfenex also uses its Pfenex Expression Technology platform to produce CRM197, a diphtheria toxoid carrier protein used in prophylactic and therapeutic vaccines.

Pfenex investors and others should note that Pfenex announces material information to the public about Pfenex through a variety of means, including its website (http://www.pfenex.com/), its investor relations website (http://pfenex.investorroom.com/), press releases, SEC filings, public conference calls, corporate Twitter account (https://twitter.com/pfenex), Facebook page (https://www.facebook.com/Pfenex-Inc-105908276167776/timeline/), and LinkedIn page (https://www.linkedin.com/company/pfenex-inc) in order to achieve broad, non-exclusionary distribution of information to the public and to comply with its disclosure obligations under Regulation FD. Pfenex encourages its investors and others to monitor and review the information Pfenex makes public in these locations as such information could be deemed to be material information. Please note that this list may be updated from time to time.

Company Contact: investorrelations@pfenex.com

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Pfenex to Announce First Quarter 2020 Financial Results on May 7 - Yahoo Finance

An F-16 combat jet at Spangdahlem Air Base achieved a landmark 10,000 flight hours on Thursday, nearly 27 years after it rolled off the production line and began flying for the 52nd Fighter Wing.

The aircraft Tail No. 343 is the first Block 50 Fighting Falcon in Europe and only the second F-16 in the U.S. Air Forces inventory to reach the historic milestone, something maintainers hailed as a testament to its durability and their dedicated labor.

An F-16 at Misawa Air Base in northern Japan hit the mark a year ago, but that jet was delivered a year earlier than Spangdahlems, maintainers said. It also took 26 years and 11 months to reach 10,000 hours two months longer than No. 343.

It takes a lot of work and a lot of diligence and a lot of very thorough inspections to keep (the aircraft) safe and ready to fly, said Senior Master Sgt. Andrew Yates of the 480th Aircraft Maintenance Unit at Spangdahlem.

The planes been flying since before about 75% of the people in this building were even born definitely before any of us even joined the military, he said.

Both are true for 1st Lt. Christina Nunley, 25, the assistant officer in charge for the 480th AMU.

This aircraft has been at Spangdahlem longer than I have been alive, she said. Obviously, there are struggles that come with having an older aircraft, but the history behind it is a huge motivating factor and its something that we take a lot of pride in.

Chief Master Sgt. Chris Yager, 45, is part of that history. His first assignment out of tech school in 1997 was at Spangdahlem, where he worked on the jet and saw it reach 2,000 flight hours.

Back then, there were those old crusty guys that were out there training me how to work on aircraft and sometimes I wondered why they were training me the way they were, said Yager, the 52nd Maintenance Group superintendent.

With Thursdays milestone, Yager said he sees the fruits of that labor.

Keeping No. 343 airworthy involved about 190,000 hours of work by ground crews, maintainers said. The F-16 on average requires 19 hours of maintenance for every hour of flying time a figure that includes thorough inspections, refueling and basic maintenance such as changing tires and oil.

The wings vice commander, Col. Jason Hokaj, took the jet up Thursday afternoon for less than an hour to reached the milestone. Base firefighters hosed down the aircraft as it taxied down the flightline after landing.

This is such an amazing event to be part of, Hokaj said in a statement. To think about the amount of hands and minds used to get here, to keep this machine flying, its a testament to the professionalism of the 52nd Maintenance Group.

The Lockheed Martin Block 50 F-16s that the 480th Fighter Squadron flies were initially designed to last 8,000 flight hours, Yates said. But a series of upgrades has kept many of them going past that mark, he said.

Yager likened the F-16 to the Air Forces Cold War-era B-52 bomber, which is still in service after more than 50 years.

It was only designed for so many hours but it keeps going and going, he said.

Lockheed Martins F-35A Lightning II is the planned replacement for the F-16 across the service, but due to delays in the program, the F-16s are expected to receive service-life extension upgrades to keep them airworthy until 2048 and beyond.

No. 343 was part of the 480ths deployment for Operation Inherent Resolve to Iraq and Syria in 2016, when the squadron broke a record for number of munitions dropped by an F-16 unit within a six-month period.

Its just been a good, durable aircraft, Yates said. Theres a lot of superstition in the maintenance community rubbing the bellies and certain things but really, the biggest reason is making sure all the required inspections for this aircraft are complied with.

svan.jennifer@stripes.comTwitter: @stripesktown

U.S. Air Force Col. Jason Hokaj, 52nd Fighter Wing vice commander, prepares for takeoff in aircraft 343, an F-16 Fighting Falcon, at Spangdahlem Air Base, Germany, April 23, 2020. Later that day, Hokaj's aircraft passed the 10,000 flight hours milestone.KYLE COPE/U.S. AIR FORCE

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Three score and ten is so 1970s. Today, the average baby born in the UK will live long enough to see the beginning of the 22nd century. Increasingly we also hear claims of longevity breakthroughs that could propel those children and maybe even their parents into triple digits and beyond. Is eternal life something we want outside of science fiction? And how will society cope if it is?

The first ten million years were the worst, said Marvin. The second ten million years, they were the worst, too. The third ten million years I didnt enjoy at all. After that I went into a bit of a decline.

So opines Marvin, Douglas Adams paranoid android, who follows the protagonists of The Hitchhikers Guide to the Galaxy around like a bumbling, grumbling storm cloud. Functionally immortal (and cursed with a brain the size of a planet), Marvin is the hubristic dream of eternal life printed and stamped in circuitry. While his human shipmates stumble from one disaster to another, devoting their limited talents to avoiding death at all costs, Marvin plods glumly along, bemoaning the pointlessness of an infinite existence in which there is nothing new to learn, no challenge to his intellect and in which everyone even his closest friend, a rat that nested for a time in his foot dies. Except him.

Marvin is archetypical of immortals. Our stories are not kind to them. The Ancient Greek gods were positively psychopathic in doling out eternal damnation as punishment for everything from stealing fire (the titan Prometheus, who was lashed to a rock and whose liver was pecked out by an eagle, every day, forever) to winning a sewing contest (Arachne, who with perhaps limited foresight challenged Athena to a weave-off and was transformed into a forever-spinning spider when she won). For centuries since, thats more or less been the lot of would-be immortals: vampires are stuck in castles, the future rich keep their youth (but lose their humanity), and seekers of life-giving plants, elixirs and artefacts end up eaten, cursed or crushed under collapsing temples. If ever you are invited on a quest to find the... well, anything of eternal life, the entirety of our literary canon says: dont go.

Yet at the same time life extension is, almost by definition, what we expect of medicine. Its feels odd to frame chemotherapy or cardiovascular treatments as life-extension technologies, but for cancer and heart disease patients thats exactly what they are. More generally, we expect some small increase in life expectancy for each new generation. Every ten years, the Office for National Statistics releases data on how long the populations of England and Wales are living, and for the last five decades, life expectancy at birth has risen by around two-to-three years per decade. And when that increase stalls (as it did in the late 2010s), scientists are rounded up for television interviews and grilled over what or who is toblame.

This is a paradox of human life extension: we expect our kids to live longer than we do, but not much longer. An extra half-decade sounds about right. An extra half-century does not. The latter would seem outrageous and unfair if it werent so fanciful. And yet, serious people are treating the postponement of ageing increasingly seriously. The UKs Nuffield Council on Bioethics, by way of example, published a paper titled The Search for a Treatment for Ageing in 2018, listing eight avenues of current life-extension research. In 2013, Google a company associated with many things, but not life extension funded Calico, a company which specialises in exactly that.

Various studies in mice and rats have shown what well-publicised studies in mouse and rat populations often do: that a thing (in this case, a potential anti-ageing treatment) has done something miraculous (slowed down ageing) for the mice and rats (who have since been dissected) from which we can extrapolate a comparable result for humans (who will live longer and healthier lives and not be dissected). Theres no one clear indicator that radical life extension is around the corner but this rise in funding, debate and vivisected mouse carcasses suggests that our everyday assumption that there is a right amount of life for people may be rooted more in experience than in rational thought.

I havent really, fully absorbed how deep-seated the irrationality is, says Dr Aubrey de Grey, biogerontologist and co-founder of the SENS (Strategies for Engineered Negligible Senescence) Research Foundation. De Grey has been both researching and campaigning for what he calls radical life extension for nearly two decades. His two most recognisable features are the long grey beard that reaches almost to his waist, and his utter impatience with what he has called The Global Trance: the cross-cultural acceptance that one day, in the not-so-far-future, all of us must necessarily stop existing. De Greys view that functional immortality may not only be possible, but that its disparate foundations have already been laid in laboratories around the world, is highly controversial.

Scathing appraisals of his proposals have been made by experts across the biological sciences, who argue that the technologies he presents as joint candidates for life extension are too early in their development to be useful for decades, if ever. But taking this macro view of deGreys ideas feels like missing the point. SENS is far from the only organisation with the goal of increasing lifespan and it is far from the largest. But deGrey is a powerful orator, cowing audiences into listening with the air of an otherwise jovial science teacher who cant quite believe how badly his class has done in their mock exam.

These days Im very strong on not only saying, Look, have a sense of proportion, boys and girls: [ageing] is by far the major cause of suffering in the world. Hands up anyone who wants to get Alzheimers? Hands up anyone who wants anyone else to get Alzheimers?, he says, contrasting his current presentational style with the impatient brusqueness of his 2005 Ted Talk. But now I also tend to spend a fair amount of my time being a little bit more sympathetic to this irrationality and acknowledging that it only became irrational very recently... 20 years ago, it made sense to trick oneself into putting ageing out of ones mind and getting on with ones miserably short life rather than being preoccupied with this terrible thing, because there was no real reason to believe that we had much chance of moving the needle of actually accelerating the arrival of therapies that really bring ageing under control. So it kind of made sense; I have some sympathy.

20 years ago, it made sense to trick oneself into putting ageing out of ones mind and getting on with ones miserably short life rather than being preoccupied with this terrible thing, because there was no real reason to believe that we had much chance of moving the needle.

De Grey and the other researchers at SENS lay out seven factors that contribute to ageing, including cell loss and tissue atrophy, cancers and mitochondrial mutations along with novel biotechnologies that may one day mitigate their deleterious effects. SENS is not alone in suggesting potential therapies to delay ageing other candidate treatments have included the diabetes drug Metformin, resveratrol (the chemical compound/viticultural PR mega-win found in red wine) and gruesomely the transfusion of the blood of young people into the elderly. Life extension, as an investment, is high-risk-enormous-reward hence the glut of proposed therapies.

De Grey stresses that any sudden and significant change in life expectancy will not be the result of one breakthrough, but of many treatments working in concert. Attacking ageing from multiple angles will lead to what he terms Longevity Escape Velocity the idea that if you can develop treatments for age-related disease more quickly than they can kill people, not only does lifespan increase exponentially, but frailty is similarly delayed. Lifespan is almost the wrong term for what life-extension proponents are seeking a better term, already in academic use, is healthspan. Living to 150 and feeling it would be nightmarish. Proposed therapies must offer something more akin to eternal youth than eternal life.

This is something that I have to spend an enormous proportion of my time on, says deGrey. Just driving [that distinction] over and over again into peoples heads that lifespan is a side-effect of healthspan. Youve got to stay healthy to stay alive, and health is the major contributor to quality of life.

This is the second challenge for advocates of life extension: because we havent evolved, literally or culturally, to view extended, healthy lives as anything but fiction, almost nobody outside of the insular debate is equipped to properly assess its risks and virtues. If you accept that a sudden jump in healthy life expectancy is coming whether thats 50 years or 500 the lack of public discourse is troubling.

Very few studies have been performed to properly assess the publics view of living dramatically longer, and those that have show little coherence among subjects. The University of Queensland performed two such studies face-to-face studies and focus groups with 57 Australians in 2009; another, larger telephone study of 605 people in 2011. In both cases, participants views ranged from being strongly in favour to strongly against, with reasons for the latter position including issues of distributive justice, overpopulation, the breakdown of the traditional family unit and religious concerns. They showed, essentially, that most people dont know what to think, but one thing that is broadly shared is a concern that radical life extension threatens a sense of fairness.

Part of our attitude to what we think of as premature death dying before your time, is that its a sort of unfairness, and that idea of unfairness absolutely permeates across society, says bioethicist Professor John Harris. Besides teaching, Harris has acted as ethical advisor to the European Parliament, the World Health Organization (WHO), and the UK Department of Health; has published or edited more than 20 books, and written over 300 academic papers on subjects from cloning to human enhancement to the ethics of ageing both in how we treat the elderly now and why we should be supportive of life extension in the future.

There are limitless examples of the unfairness of some people getting what they want and others not getting what they want not just lifespan, but money, or sex, or whatever, Harris continues. But we cant eradicate that, because to eradicate that unfairness would mean always levelling down, rather than levelling up. We dont say wed better make sure nobody goes to university, because that would give them an unfair advantage looking for a job. The alternative to living with that unfairness of accepting that some people get what others would like but cant have is not just applicable to life extension: its applicable to almost everything that is valued.

The question of who would have access to life-extension therapies might be the biggest concern in the debate. The refugee crisis and the post-2008 focus on the widening gap between rich and poor in the UK often viewed through the lens of an overstretched NHS have raised disturbing questions about how human life is valued. The spread of Covid-19 has further highlighted how closely intertwined money and life expectancy have become, with millions of people around the world simply unable to afford to heed governments advice to self-isolate and miss work. Recent science-fiction has mined this inequality to great effect, perhaps most successfully in Netflixs Altered Carbon (based on the novels by Richard K Morgan), in which the super-rich have literally ascended to a place where they will never die, leaving the rest of humanity to exist in violence, criminality and squalor. The idea of billionaires escaping not only taxes but death as well is becoming an increasingly popular dystopia.

We dont know how this would play out, Harris continues. There are ways [we could distribute treatments]: some would be fair and some would be unfair, like not funding them through national health services. Those arent arguments against life extension per se, but they may be arguments about how certain societies choose to deal with the desirability of longer life. There would be many strategies open and hopefully in democratic societies they would be debated democratically.

That distinction between life extension and what creates inequality is important. As Harris explains, the availability of life-extending therapies tells us nothing about how they should be used.

We are very familiar with life extension, but mostly it has appeared in the guise of life-saving strategies, like vaccination, he says. The vaccinations for polio and smallpox have saved hundreds of millions of lives, or to put it another way, have enabled hundreds of millions of people to live who otherwise would have died. Vaccination is an exercise in life extension but nobody throws up their hands in horror about its huge effect on life expectancy.

De Greys first answer not just to the concern of fair distribution, but also to fears of seismic societal and institutional change that may follow major breakthroughs in healthy life extension is also political: in functioning democracies, we have term limits on governments, and in his view any government that did not make life extension for all a priority as it became feasible would collapse in popularity with voters. His second answer is that whatever possible negatives we can imagine, its difficult to imagine a dystopian setting so bad that death would be preferable.

Which is not to advocate complacency: part of deGreys frustration with the lack of public debate is precisely that he sees these advances in increased longevity as potential flashpoints that a revolution in healthcare poorly handled could devolve into an actual revolution. Its not just a matter of when [these therapies] are ready: its the lead-up to it, he explains. One thing that Ive been putting more and more energy into is getting policymakers to understand that the planning needs to happen now, before the therapies are ready... At some point, public opinion is going to undergo a very sudden sea change.

Handled competently, what could radical life extension offer, beyond the obvious benefits of extra time enjoying the people and things that we value? One possibility is that, in the same way that we tend to value life more the longer it has to go (people die tragically young nobody dies tragically old), adding decades of healthy living onto the national or global average might raise the value we place on life in general. De Grey sees evidence of this over the past century.

[The world] has become, both at the individual societal level and also at the global international level, a much, much less violent place, he says. And a huge part of why [thats happened] is that there is greater value given to life. If we look, for example, within the USA at the areas that have the greatest amount of violence, they are the areas that have the lowest life expectancy. But thats not because a lot of people are dying from violence: its because a lot of people are dying from poor nutrition, lack of access to medical treatment and so life is valued less.

As a species weve become increasingly familiar with the clash between our biology and the mutagenic effects of technology upon it, but we have survived through adaptation. We think in tribes but thrive in cities. We cross the world without losing our roots. We marry our Tinder matches. If the next technological shift in our stars is the collapse of the milestoned life birth, work, family, frailty, death it will be because we see more opportunities than costs. We arent Marvins: were good, as individuals and as a species, at finding new things to do when the world changes around us.

The great thing about longevity is that you wouldnt have to choose just one career, Harris reflects. If I had my time again, I would probably have liked to be a biologist. And then once I had my 70-odd years as a biologist I might want to do something else. Nobody wants to just go on doing the same old stuff, but if we have the time and ability we can change. Its one of my regrets now, at the age that I am, that while I do go on doing philosophy and writing about the things I like writing about, I would like to learn about new things and do other things.

There are people who say, Oh, youd just get bored if you had all that time. But I dont think I would. I would gladly sample a few million years and see how it goes.

Finance

Postponing ageing isnt just a natural extension of what our healthcare system does (which, at its core, is stop people from dying) theres also a strong economic argument to pursue life-extension research.

According to the most recent available figures from the Office for National Statistics, the UK spent 197.4bn on healthcare in 2017 just under 10 per cent of GDP. As life expectancy rises, so does the length of time the average person can expect to require care or live in poor health. The number of chronic conditions linked to ageing is rising (dementia, for example, currently affects an estimated 850,000 people in the UK, with that number expected to grow to one million by 2025).

The cost of fighting these age-related conditions is astronomical: according to the Institute for Fiscal Studies, the NHS spends more than twice as much on the average 65-year-old as on the average 30-year-old. Patients aged 85 and over require, on average, five times as much spending as 30-year-olds.

All of which sounds like a pretty good argument against life-extension if we struggle to treat the elderly now, it follows that dramatically extending life should be disastrous. But there are two problems with this line of reasoning. First, it ignores the fact that life-extension is something that happens albeit slowly already. A child born today is predicted to live, on average, a little over eighty years or about five years longer than a child born in 1980. An increase in age-related diseases is a crisis were living already.

The second problem is that the financial argument conflates age and health. No-one who advocates radical life-extension is suggesting the goal should be an extra 50 years in a nursing home. A treatment for ageing isnt the same as a cure for death: the proposal is to extend healthy life.

The humanitarian benefits of longer and healthier lives aside, extending life while reversing the current trend (in which longer life correlates with a longer period of physical and mental decline) would not only reduce the burden on the healthcare service, but also mean that fewer people would be forced into retirement due to poor health.

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Alexey Turchin, 47, from Moscow has been researching the topic for years. According to him, going digital is our best chance to live forever.

Stuck in self-isolation, like many of us these days, Alexey Turchin isnt sitting idly. He is not only working on his new book entitled Immortality, but is regularly collecting vast amounts of data about himself - from DNA in his toenail clippings and details about his dreams to sound recordings and things he does everyday. Why?

A dedicated life extensionist and advocate for digital immortality, he believes that one day humanity will see the emergence of artificial intelligence so strong that it could download this personal data into its system, thus, allowing a person to live forever.

As he says, accumulating such data is only one of at least three options available to us right now.

The second option is simply to survive until the creation of strong AI. The main cause of death in humans so far has been aging and if we could learn how to counter it we could live up to 3,000 years, he says. Countering aging is just a first step to achieving immortality in this scenario. If we die, we dont live long to see the creation of technologies that will allow humans to transform our bodies into cyborgs, for example, and ultimately download ourselves into a supercomputer.

Alexey and his roadmap to personal immortality

Then there is a third option - cryonics, i.e. preserving the body and/or the brain in low-temperature liquid nitrogen in the hopes that one day humanity will be able to resurrect them and somehow scan the brain to create a digital copy in a supercomputer.

But when exactly such AI will come to being? Not sooner than in 500 years, Russian researcher says.

The development of AI is going rather fast, but we are still far away from being able to download a human into a computer. If we want to do it with a good probability of success, then count on [the year] 2600, to be sure, he notes, adding that simpler and imperfect versions of such AI might even emerge in the next two decades.

As he thinks, the ongoing coronavirus outbreak might even play a role in the development of research in this respect. The pandemic will increase the public interest in biology, virology and life extension, because Covid-19 has a tendency to strike older people more often. Hence, well see that we need a more efficient healthcare system to deal with such threats. This might potentially lead to medics getting more power in determining our research priorities and bring humanity closer to extending average life expectancy, Alexey argues.

Humanity will inevitably see the emergence of digital immortality in some form, but what we are currently seeing in movies and TV shows like Transcendence or Black Mirror is not something well see in reality, the researcher says. I enjoy Westworld, but its not 100% correct. Every TV show must have a conflict to be entertaining, but in real life its not always the case, he explains. There, super AI is often portrayed as soulless or imperfect, but its not necessarily going to be that way.

In his view, the ideal situation will be when humanity invents an AI that will be a friend to humanity: It will be interested in preserving human values and will be able to create a complete model of our history and recreate each individual as part of this simulation. Thus, allowing us to live only twice.

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A satellite that was ready for retirement has been given a new lease of life after being serviced in orbit by another satellite containing enough fuel to get it back up and running, the first time such a feat has been achieved.

The Northrop-Grumman satellite MEV-1 (Mission Extension Vehicle) docked with communications satellite Intelsat 901 and is now serving as its engine.

Intelsat 901 (pictured below) had almost run out of fuel and been shifted into a so called 'graveyard orbit' to prepare for the end of its useful life.

MEV-1 will now use its own thrusters and fuel supply to extend the satellites lifespan by performing station-keeping manoeuvres. It should be able to extend the useful lifespan of Intelsat 901 by up to five years before undocking and moving on to the next client satellite.

On average, there are about 20 satellites each year that expend all their fuel and must be retired.

Our MEV is a multi-use vehicle, said Joe Anderson of Northrop Grummans satellite servicing operations unit. It has a 15-year design life, but theres much more than 15 years of life extension fuel in the vehicle. This will allow us to service satellites in inclined orbits too.

MEV-1 launched on October 9 last year, it is the first life-extension vehicle and is under a contract with Intelsat, the worlds largest commercial satellite operator.

Once launched, MEV-1 raised its orbit to rendezvous with Intelsat 901 in geosynchronous equatorial orbit (GEO).

This process took three and a half months from launch and used both chemical and electric propulsion systems.

The two satellites initially docked in a graveyard orbit, which is situated approximately 180 miles above GEO and more than 22,000 miles above Earth, as a precautionary measure.

A few weeks after the MEV-1 launch, Intelsat 901 began to raise its own orbit from GEO to the graveyard, where the two vehicles rendezvoused and finally docked in late February 2020, moving at a rate of approximately 7,000 miles per hour while successfully aligning. Future MEV dockings are planned to take place directly in GEO. Intelsat 901 was returned to full service on April 2.

Currently, MEV-1s docking method takes advantage of a liquid apogee engine (LAE), which is present on around 80 per cent of GEO satellites, all bearing similar designs.

The LAE is normally used to finalise a craft's orbit at the start of its life but is never used again.

MEV-1 is able to capture and dock by inserting itself into the cone of the LAE to capture the client satellite.

Once captured, the mechanism retracts and the MEVs stanchions make firm contact with the client vehicles launch adapter ring ensuring a secure docking.

The docking procedure is purely mechanical at the moment, thereby avoiding the complications of fluid transfers and electrical or data connections.

In March, the US Space Force underwent its first satellite launch to bolster its constellation providing secure military communications.

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