Geoffrey Box, MD - Department of Urology
Dr. Box discusses his educational background and approach to personalized medicine at Ohio State #39;s Wexner Medical Center. Dr. Geoffrey N. Box is assistant pr...

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Geoffrey Box, MD - Department of Urology - Video

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Overview of CSIL
General overview discussion about the CSIL program.

By: Spinal Cord Injury BC

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Overview of CSIL - Video

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Pros of Being on CSIL
A brief discussion on the the more common pros of being on the CSIL program.

By: Spinal Cord Injury BC

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Pros of Being on CSIL - Video

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Meeting your case manager
A brief discussion on when you meet your case manager during the application process for the CSIL program.

By: Spinal Cord Injury BC

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Meeting your case manager - Video

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Allowable expenses
Paul shares on what you can and cannot claim under the CSIL funds.

By: Spinal Cord Injury BC

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Allowable expenses - Video

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The employer package
Paul explains what you will receive in the mail as part of your employer package. This includes the your CSIL contract with the health authority.

By: Spinal Cord Injury BC

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The employer package - Video

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Stem Cell Therapy in Cardiac Disease - Charles Murry, MD, Ph.D.
How can we harness the power of stem cells to repair the heart or other damaged organs? Dr. Chuck Murry, Dept. of Pathology; Director, Center for Cardiovascular Biology at the University of...

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Stem Cell Therapy in Cardiac Disease - Charles Murry, MD, Ph.D. - Video

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TRAGIC STORY! Paid $25,000 for Stem Cells @ Hospital Angeles Tijuana http://www.RegenerativeMedicine.mx
TWO Websites: http://www.regenerativemedicinemx.com AND http://www.regenerativemedicinetijuana.com STEM CELL Resources: http://www.cellmedicinesociety.org/component/content/article/86-news/410-mex...

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TRAGIC STORY! Paid $25,000 for Stem Cells @ Hospital Angeles Tijuana http://www.RegenerativeMedicine.mx - Video

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Common shoulder conditions treated with stem cell therapy
In this video, Ross Hauser, MD discusses the types of shoulder conditions our Prolotherapy team specializes in treating with stem cell therapy and platelet rich plasma Prolotherapy. If you...

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Common shoulder conditions treated with stem cell therapy - Video

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Stem RX Bioscience Solution Pvt Ltd hold awareness program on stem cell therapy

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Stem RX Bioscience Solution Pvt Ltd hold awareness program on stem cell therapy - Video

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Okyanos Heart Institute Live on 850 WFTL: Adult Stem Cell Therapy for Heart Disease
Okyanos #39; Chief Medical Officer Dr. Howard (Bo) Walpole and Chief Science Officer sat down with Karen Curtis at 850 WFTL in Ft. Lauderdale to discuss the promise of adult stem cell therapy as...

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Okyanos Heart Institute Live on 850 WFTL: Adult Stem Cell Therapy for Heart Disease - Video

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India's biotech regulator Genetic Engineering Appraisal Committee (GEAC) has given green signal for the import of Genetically Modified (GM) soybean oil.

"Three applications for import of GM Soybean oil were permitted as highly processed food like oil do not contain detectable DNA or Proteins. The same was confirmed by Central Food Technological Research Institute (CFTRI) Mysore after testing of the oil samples," GEAC said, adding that more than 70 countries are importing GM soybean and canola oil.

The statutory body, which held its 121st meeting on Friday, also permitted confined field trials of 13 GM crops, including rice, brinjal, chickpea, mustard and cotton, out of the 15 cases it considered.

GEAC Chairman Hem Pande said "field trials for certain varieties of GM crops including rice, brinjal, chickpea, mustard and cotton had been cleared".

However, the field trials, or small scale experiments, on these crops were subject to No Objection Certificate (NOC) from state governments.

During the GEAC meeting, three cases of pharmaceuticals were also considered of which two were deferred and one case pertaining to revalidation of the GEAC nod was permitted.

Officials said GEAC had "virtually" not met for almost two years from April 2012 to March 2014 due to which which decision on 79 applications for field trials remained pending.

These 79 cases, recommended by Review Committee on Genetic Manipulation (RCGM) under the Department of Biotechnology, included 37 cases of revalidation and 42 new cases involving confined (regulated) field trials related to cotton, rice, castor, maize, wheat, groundnut, sugarcane, chickpea, mustard, sorghum and brinjal.

The GEAC on Friday also decided to constitute a sub-committee to review the toxicology data generated by the applicants of GM brinjal developed by BejoSheetal P Limited and GM mustard developed by Delhi University South Campus in view of concerns raised by some of the members.

An official said all GM crops field trials are subject to stringent norms which are as per the international standards.

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GEAC clears import of GM soyabean oil

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PUBLIC RELEASE DATE:

20-Jul-2014

Contact: Elizabeth Dowling newsmedia@mssm.edu 212-241-9200 The Mount Sinai Hospital / Mount Sinai School of Medicine

Nearly 60 percent of the risk of developing autism is genetic and most of that risk is caused by inherited variant genes that are common in the population and present in individuals without the disorder, according to a study led by researchers at the Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai and published in the July 20 edition of Nature Genetics.

"We show very clearly that inherited common variants comprise the bulk of the risk that sets up susceptibility to autism," says Joseph D. Buxbaum, PhD, the study's lead investigator and Director of the Seaver Autism Center for Research and Treatment and Professor of Psychiatry, Neuroscience and Genetics and Genomic Sciences at the Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai. "But while families can be genetically loaded for autism risk, it may take additional rare genetic factors to actually produce the disorder in a particular family member."

Dr. Buxbaum and colleagues of the Population-Based Autism Genetics and Environment Study (PAGES) Consortium conducted a rigorous analysis of DNA sequence variations from an ongoing, comprehensive study of autism in Sweden.

Although autism is thought to be caused by an interplay of genetic and other factors, there has been no consensus on their relative contributions and the nature of its genetic architecture. Recently, evidence has been mounting that genomes of people with autism are prone to harboring de novo mutations - rare, spontaneous mutations that exert strong effects and can largely account for particular cases of the disorder.

Specifically, the current study found that about 52.4 percent of autism was traced to common and rare inherited variations, with spontaneous mutations contributing a modest 2.6 percent of the total risk.

"Many people have been focusing on de novo mutations, such as the ones that can occur in the sperm of an older father," explains Dr. Buxbaum. "While we find these mutations are also key contributors, it is important to know that there is underlying risk in the family genetic architecture itself."

Gauging the collective impact on autism risk of variations in the genetic code shared by most people, individually much subtler in effect, has proven to be even more challenging. Limitations in sample size and composition have made it difficult to detect these effects and to estimate the relative influence of such common, rare inherited and rare, spontaneous de novo variation. Differences in methods and statistical models have also resulted in estimates of autism heritability ranging from 17 to 50 percent.

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Common gene variants account for most of the genetic risk for autism

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Minecraft Monster #010 - Advanced Genetics [German / HD ] - Feed The Beast
Ich hoffe euch gefllt mein Let #39;s Play. Wenn ja schaut euch doch noch etwas auf meinem Kanal um. Weitere Let #39;s Plays und mehr: http://www.youtube.com/channel/UCmNSv... Weitere Videos ...

By: StrangeDave

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Minecraft Monster #010 - Advanced Genetics [German / HD ] - Feed The Beast - Video

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Pacemakers have long been a life-saving device for people whose hearts dont keep the right beat but they can sometimes come with complications. Now, a team of researchers at the Cedars-Sinai Heart Institute in Los Angeles have managed to transform regular heart cells in pigs into pacemaker cells cells that naturally keep the hearts rhythm in step.

The experiments described in the journal Science Translational Medicine mark the first study of this gene therapy in a large animal one on par with human scale. The research could help lead to therapies for people who have to have their electronic pacemakers temporarily removed because of infection and could one day remove the need for surgically implanted pacemaker devices altogether.

The heart beats to the sound of its own drum. It relies on a smaller number of specialized pacemaker cells in a tiny region of the heart called the sinoatrial node they are the metronome for the heart. But sometimes the heart can't hear its own timekeeper. It beats too slowly or irregularly and this can lead to dangerous consequences, from fatigue to circulatory collapse.

The researchers found a way around this problem: Create new pacemaker cells in a different part of the heart.

The therapy centers around a gene called TBX18, which is known as a transcription factor a type of gene that creates a protein that turns other genes on and off. The researchers knew that the TBX18 gene was temporarily turned on in the area of the sinoatrial node as an embryo develops, and then it shuts off.

That gave us a clue that maybe TBX18 is important in shaping the biological, the endogenous pacemaker to begin with, said team leader Dr. Eduardo Marbn, director of the Cedars-Sinai Heart Institute.

The researchers loaded the gene into a virus and injected it into normal heart cells in pigs that suffered from complete heart block, which is when scarring keeps the electrical signals from the pacemaker cells in the sinoatrial node from getting through to the rest of the heart. They injected them into a different area of the heart, outside the sinoatrial node. In a matter of days, the injected pigs hearts were beating faster without the help of a pacemaker and without any obvious adverse side effects.

Nothing fancy needs to be done to see if the treatment is working, said study co-author Dr. Eugenio Cingolani. And though the study only lasted 14 days, it could point the way to longer-lasting even permanent biological pacemakers. If all goes well, clinical trials on humans could start in three years. One day, he said, patients could potentially be cured of the slow heart rate forever.

In the meantime, there are a number of more specialized applications for such a gene therapy. For some fetuses with congenital heart block many of whom develop severe heart problems that end in stillbirth a biological pacemaker could be a lifesaver, since an electronic one cant be surgically implanted in the womb.

Roughly 300,000 patients in the U.S. get a pacemaker every year, and about 2% of them develop infections, Marbn said. A significant portion of those people need to have their implants taken out and fixed or changed while the body heals, which could take several. The biological pacemaker could be one way to keep their hearts beating properly in the meantime.

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Scientists create 'biological pacemaker' inside off-tempo hearts

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Myth Busting
A brief discussion on some of the myths surrounding the CSIL program.

By: Spinal Cord Injury BC

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Myth Busting - Video

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Regenerative Medicine for Foreskin
At the San Francisco Pride Festival, Eric Clopper staffed the Foregen booth and discusses regenerative medicine and Foregen #39;s goal to restore genital integrity to men who have been circumcised....

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Regenerative Medicine for Foreskin - Video

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Professor John Rasko on SBS Insight
Royal Prince Alfred Hospital #39;s Director of Cell and Molecular Therapies, Professor John Rasko, was invited as a guest on SBS Insight #39;s special on stem cell medicine.

By: SydneyLHD

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Professor John Rasko on SBS Insight - Video

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There's no good time for a public agency to be embroiled in a conflict-of-interest scandal, but this is an especially delicate time for California's stem cell agency.

The California Institute for Regenerative Medicine, as the program is known formally, is on track to finish doling out its $3 billion in funding from the state's voters as soon as 2017. Its original sponsor, Northern California real estate developer Robert Klein II, has been quoted talking about another $5-billion infusion, perhaps via the 2016 ballot.

Any such effort will refocus attention on the program board's inherent conflicts of interest, which were baked in by the terms of Proposition 71, Klein's 2004 ballot initiative that created CIRM and funded it through a bond issue. The prestigious Institute of Medicine in a 2012 report found these conflicts to lead to questions about "the integrity and independence of some of CIRM's decisions."

And now here comes another case. This one involves CIRM former President Alan Trounson, an Australian biologist who left the agency on June 30 and joined the board of one of its highest-profile financial partners a mere seven days later. Trounson's new employer, Stem Cells Inc., is the recipient of a nearly $20-million loan for Alzheimer's research.

CIRM says Trounson's quick move to Stem Cells Inc., where he'll receive a stipend of at least $90,000 a year, is legally "permissible." But officials there acknowledge they were blindsided; the agency learned about Trounson's new position from the company's press release.

Afterward, CIRM rushed out a statement acknowledging that Trounson's appointment to the board of a CIRM loan recipient "creates a serious risk of a conflict of interest." The agency says it will place the relationship between CIRM and the company under "a full review." Administrators reminded Trounson, board members and agency staff that state law bars him from communicating with them on any administrative matter involving Stem Cells Inc. The company declined to comment.

The relationship already reeked of cronyism. As we reported in 2012, the Newark, Calif.-based firm's co-founder, Irving Weissman, director of Stanford University's Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, had been one of the most prominent and outspoken supporters of Proposition 71.

He's also a leading recipient of CIRM funding, listed as the principal investigator on four Stanford grants totaling nearly $35 million. CIRM contributed $43.6 million toward the construction of his institute's $200-million research building at the Stanford campus. Weissman and his wife, Ann Tsukamoto, owned nearly 380,000 shares of the firm as of last April, according to a corporate disclosure. Tsukamoto is one of the company's top executives; Weissman is a board member.

Trounson's move comes as CIRM must begin looking to the future, but any discussions about extending the agency's life span will have to address the flaws created by Proposition 71. Among them is the program's very structure, and even its scientific goals.

Klein's ballot proposition exempts CIRM from virtually any oversight or accountability. Each of the 29 governing board members has to be associated with a California public or private research institution or company, or an advocacy group for patients of one disease or another. The qualifications for board chairman are so specific they initially yielded a single credible candidate: Bob Klein.

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Conflicts of interest pervasive on California stem cell board

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Washington No batteries required: Scientists are creating a biological pacemaker by injecting a gene into the hearts of sick pigs that changed ordinary cardiac cells into a special kind that induces a steady heartbeat.

The study, published Wednesday, is one step toward developing an alternative to electronic pacemakers that are implanted into 300,000 Americans each year.

There are people who desperately need a pacemaker but cant get one safely, said Dr. Eduardo Marban, director of the Cedars-Sinai Heart Institute in Los Angeles, who led the work. This development heralds a new era of gene therapy that one day might offer them an option.

Your heartbeat depends on a natural pacemaker, a small cluster of cells its about the size of a peppercorn, Marban said that generates electrical activity. Called the sinoatrial node, it acts like a metronome to keep the heart pulsing at 60 to 100 beats per minute or so, more when youre active. If that node quits working correctly, hooking the heart to an electronic pacemaker works very well for most people.

But about 2 percent of recipients develop an infection that requires the pacemaker to be removed for weeks until antibiotics wipe out the germs, Marban said. And some fetuses are at risk of stillbirth when their heartbeat falters, a condition called congenital heart block.

For more than a decade, teams of researchers have worked to create a biological alternative that might help those kinds of patients, trying such approaches as using stem cells to spur the growth of a new sinoatrial node.

Marbans newest attempt uses gene therapy to reprogram a small number of existing heart muscle cells so that they start looking and acting like natural pacemaker cells instead.

Because pigs hearts are so similar to human hearts, Marbans team studied the approach in 12 laboratory pigs with a defective heart rhythm.

They used a gene named TBX18 that plays a role in the embryonic development of the sinoatrial node. Working through a vein, they injected the gene into some of the pigs hearts in a spot that doesnt normally initiate heartbeats and tracked them for two weeks.

Two days later, treated pigs had faster heartbeats than control pigs who didnt receive the gene, the researchers reported in the journal Science Translational Medicine. That heart rate automatically fluctuated, faster during the day. The treated animals also became more active, without signs of side effects.

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Scientists working on biological pacemaker

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By Traci Pedersen Associate News Editor Reviewed by John M. Grohol, Psy.D. on July 19, 2014

Genetics could be the reason why Denmark tops the world in happiness, according to research from the University of Warwick.

Economists at the university have been investigating why certain countries rank so high in happiness levels. In particular, they discovered that the closer a nation is to the genetic makeup of Denmark, the happier that country is.

The findings could help explain why a country like Denmark so regularly tops the world happiness rankings.

The researchers used data on 131 countries from a number of international surveys including the Gallup World Poll, World Value Survey, and the European Quality of Life Surveys, and then they linked cross-national data on genetic distance and well-being.

The results were surprising, we found that the greater a nations genetic distance from Denmark, the lower the reported wellbeing of that nation. Our research adjusts for many other influences including Gross Domestic Product, culture, religion, and the strength of the welfare state and geography, said Dr. Eugenio Proto.

The researchers also looked at existing studies suggesting a connection between mental wellbeing and a mutation of the gene that influences the reuptake of serotonin, which is believed to be linked to human mood.

We looked at existing research which suggested that the long and short variants of this gene are correlated with different probabilities of clinical depression, although this link is still highly debated, said Proto. The short version has been associated with higher scores on neuroticism and lower life satisfaction.

Intriguingly, among the 30 nations included in the study, it is Denmark and the Netherlands that appear to have the lowest percentage of people with this short version.

Finally, researchers also looked at whether the link between genetics and happiness also held true across generations, continents, and the Atlantic Ocean.

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Melancholy Danes? Not So Much, And Genetics May Show Why

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Therapeutic Drug Monitoring and Personalized Medicine - Rosa F. Yeh
Patients are unique, and improvements in medicine and laboratory technology are showing that drug exposure and its effects can be very different in an individual patient despite receiving the...

By: UWTV

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Therapeutic Drug Monitoring and Personalized Medicine - Rosa F. Yeh - Video

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PUBLIC RELEASE DATE:

18-Jul-2014

Contact: Robert Miranda cogcomm@aol.com Cell Transplantation Center of Excellence for Aging and Brain Repair

Putnam Valley, NY. (July 18th 2014) The long-term, positive benefits of transplanted allogenic (other-donated) smooth muscle cells (SMCs) to repair cardiac tissues after myocardial infarction (MI) have been enhanced by the addition of interleukin 10 (IL-10) to the transplanted cells, report researchers in Canada. Their study with rats modeled with MI has shown that SMCs modified with IL-10 - a small, anti-inflammatory protein - benefitted cell survival, improved heart function, and also provided protection against the host's rejection of the allogenic SMCs.

The study will be published in a future issue of Cell Transplantation and is currently freely available on-line as an unedited early e-pub at: http://www.ingentaconnect.com/content/cog/ct/pre-prints/content-CT1170Dhingra.

Three groups of rats modeled with MI were treated with SMC injections into the MI-damaged area of the heart. One group received unmodified autologous (self-donated) SMCs; a second group received unmodified allogenic (other-donated) SMCs; the third group received allogenic SMCs modified with IL-10. After three weeks, the unmodified autologous cells had engrafted while the unmodified allogenic cells had been rejected by the hosts. However, the IL-10-modified allogenic cells were found to greatly improve cell survival, improve ventricular function, increase myocardial wall thickness, and also prevent host immune response and rejection of the foreign cells.

"While the most appropriate cell type for cardiac repair remains controversial, mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) that have been differentiated toward myogenic cells restore ventricular function better, as previous studies have shown," said study co-author Ren-Ke Li of the MaRS Centre in Toronto, Canada. "This study demonstrated that IL-10 gene-enhanced cell therapy prevented immune response, increased survival of SMCs in the heart, and improved cardiac function when compared to the results with the control groups."

The researchers noted that while the use of autologous SMCs donated by patients may be optimal for cell therapy, SMCs self-donated by older, debilitated patients who likely have other serious health problems, have limited regenerative capability. Thus, allogenic SMCs from young, healthy donors are the most beneficial cells, but rejection of foreign cells by the host has been a problem in allogenic cell transplantation. This study suggests that the use of allogenic SMCs modified with IL-10 can prevent host rejection.

"Future studies will be required to determine the long-term effects of IL-10 transduced SMCs to evaluate cell survival and cardiac function at six months and one year," concluded the researchers.

"The use of IL-10 overexpression to reduce rejection of allogenic SMCs is an interesting idea" said Dr. Amit N. Patel, director of cardiovascular regenerative medicine at the University of Utah and section editor for Cell Transplantation. "Further studies will help to determine if this manipulation could prove useful for translation of allogenic SMC therapies to humans".

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Interleukin-10 aids survival of cells transplanted to repair cardiac tissues after MI

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Case Study: Stem Cells vs Coronary Artery Bypass Surgery in a Patient with Multi-Vessel Disease 6 Year Follow Up

Stem cells outperform heart bypass surgery. A heart patient treated with his own stem cells instead of undergoing coronary bypass surgery is exceeding all expectations 6 years after his adult stem cell treatment.

In 2008, Howie Lindeman, then 58 years old, was facing open heart bypass surgery for three blocked coronary arteries. Lindeman, now 64, had his first heart attack at age 39 that severely damaged his heart. He went through multiple procedures over the last several years including having several stents placed in his blocked arteries. When he developed almost constant chest pain and struggled to walk just 25 feet his doctors decided to perform another heart catheterization. They found severe disease; two arteries were 100% blocked and the remaining one was at 80%. Cardiac bypass surgery was immediately recommended.

Lindeman was not quite ready to have his chest cracked open, so he sought alternative options. He was aware of successful treatments for single blocked arteries with stem cells. Determined to avoid surgery he inquired as to the possibility of stem cell treatment for his condition. Dr. Zannos Grekos, a cardiologist with Regenocyte, agreed to treat him as a case study with the understanding that if the treatment was not successful bypass surgery was his only option. Lindeman was treated with his own stem cells in March of 2008. Within one week of the stem cell procedure Lindeman was feeling much better and returned to fulltime work. His subsequent cardiac testing showed continued improvement up to one year later and now 6 years after his procedure he has had no further cardiac events, his heart tests have remained stable and he continues to work fulltime as a sound engineer touring the world.

I have a high stress, high energy job that I absolutely love, says Lindeman. The treatment has allowed me to continue my career and enjoy the active lifestyle I thought I had lost for good. Im a new person and I continue to feel better every day. Click here to see a video of Howie Lindeman.

The Regenocyte treatment is an outpatient procedure and after a period of observation, the patients then are typically discharged from the hospital. The patient is followed up regularly with testing to monitor their progress and measure their results. Lindemans follow up nuclear cardiac stress testing show a greater than 100% improvement in exercise capacity and improved myocardial perfusion. A heart catheterization performed a year after treatment showed a significant increase in heart function and new blood vessels. Lindemans progress was last reported in December 2011.

Dr. Grekos describes how stem cells are extracted from the patient and then processed in a laboratory. The stem cells are then activated and educated to heal the damaged heart. The lab process provides a key step in Regenocytes treatment success, Dr. Grekos explained. The lab extracts the stem cells from the sample and activates them into over a billion cells while educating them to assist the area of the body that needs treatment. These activated stem cells are known as Regenocytes (regenerative cells). The whole process takes about 3 days.

In this ground-breaking treatment, Dr. Zannos Grekos, an interventional cardiologist, inserted a catheter into Lindemans heart. Over the next 20 minutes, adult stem cells were introduced into the damaged part of his heart. The process of tissue repair begins almost immediately.

We continue to see remarkable results from adult stem cell treatment, said Grekos. Successes like those weve seen with Howie are common and show significant promise for diseases in other organs.

Dr. Grekos and the Regenocyte medical team continue to research the impact of adult stem cell therapy on heart disease. For more information on Regenocyte Adult Stem Cell procedures, upcoming seminars, and to see videos featuring Lindeman, visit http://www.regenocyte.com.

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Case Study: Stem Cells vs Coronary Artery Bypass Surgery in a Patient with Multi-Vessel Disease 6 Year Follow Up

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Thomas Deernick, NCMIR/Science Photo Library

The HIV virus (yellow particles), seen on a white blood cell in this scanning electron micrograph.

Scientists have uncovered two new cases of HIV patients in whom the virus has become undetectable.

The two patients, both Australian men, became apparently HIV-free after receiving stem cells to treat cancer. They are still on antiretroviral therapy (ART) as a precaution, but those drugs alone could not be responsible for bringing the virus to such low levels, says David Cooper, director of the Kirby Institute at the University of New South Wales in Sydney, who led the discovery. A year ago, a different group of researchers had reported cases with a similar outcome.

Cooper presented details of the cases today at a press briefing in Melbourne, Australia, where delegates are convening for next week's 20th International AIDS Conference. The announcement came just a day after the news that at least six people heading to the conference died when a Malaysia Airlines flight was shot down in Ukraine.

Cooper began searching for patients who had been purged of the HIV virus after attending a presentation by a US team last year at a conference of the International AIDS Society in Kuala Lumpur. At that meeting, researchers from Brigham and Womens Hospital in Boston, Massachusetts, reported that two patients who had received stem-cell transplants were virus-free.

Cooper and his collaborators scanned the archives of St Vincents hospital in Sydney, one of the largest bone-marrow centres in Australia. We went back and looked whether we had transplanted [on] any HIV-positive patients, and found these two, says Cooper.

The first patient had received a bone-marrow transplant for non-Hodgkin's lymphoma in 2011. His replacement stem cells came from a donor who carried one copy of a gene thought to afford protection against the virus. The other had been treated for leukaemia in 2012.

Unfortunately, several months after the 'Boston' patients stopped taking ART, the virus returned. An infant born with HIV in Mississippi who received antiretroviral therapy soon after birth, then stopped it for more than three years, was thought to have been cured, but has had the virus rebound, too.

At the moment, there is only one person in the world who is still considered cured of HIV: Timothy Ray Brown, the 'Berlin patient', who received a bone-marrow transplant and has had no signs of the virus in his blood for six years without ART. The bone marrow received by the Berlin patient came from a donor who happened to have a natural genetic resistance to his strain of HIV.

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Cancer treatment clears two Australian patients of HIV

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