Heart disease is the leading cause of death among men in the U.S., according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Over 380,000 men die from heart disease annually, accounting for about one in every four male deaths. By now, most of us are aware that various risk factors can make you especially vulnerable to heart-related death: being obese, smoking, or having diabetes or high blood pressure, for example. Now experts are warning men about a little-known risk factor you'd never suspect. Read on to learn why certain men are at an outsized risk of life-threatening heart disease, and the one thing you can do to reduce your chances of a problem.

READ THIS NEXT:Doing This at Night Could Lead to Heart Failure, Study Warns.

Composed of proteins and DNA, chromosomes are structures found within the nuclei of cells that contain your genes. Within each human cell, there are two pairs of 23 chromosomes (a total of 46), two of which can differ depending on biological sex. Women have two X chromosomes, while men have one X and one Y chromosome.

However, experts say many men begin losing their Y chromosomes as they age, a phenomenon known among scientists as hematopoietic mosaic loss of Y chromosome (mLOY). "At least 40 percent of males lose the Y chromosome from some of their blood cells by age 70. And by age 93, at least 57 percent have lost some of it," The New York Times recently reported.

READ THIS NEXT:If This Happens to You in the Bathroom, Get Checked for Heart Failure.

Though researchers have been aware of mLOY for decades, much was still unknown about its impact on the body. Now, they're exploring its link to age-related disease and higher risk of mortality in men.ae0fcc31ae342fd3a1346ebb1f342fcb

To do so, one group of researchers studied genetically engineered male mice, who were "reconstituted with bone marrow cells lacking the Y chromosome." They found that as the mice lost their Y chromosomes, they developed scar tissue on the heart, resulting in "reduced cardiac function," heart failure, and increased mortality from heart disease.

Though the study, published in the Jul. 2022 issue of the journal Science, used mice as subjects, the researchers behind the study believe their findings are applicable to human males. Other studies have supported this notion, having found a causal link between loss of Y chromosomes and chronic illnesses such as cancer and heart disease.

Some scientists say this could help explain the difference in life expectancy between men and women. According to the CDC, women live an average of five years longer than men. According to a 2020 report by the health authority, women live an average of 80 years, while men live an average of 75 years.

A 2014 study on the subject published in the journal Nature Genetics reviewed data from 1,153 men in Sweden. The team discovered that men who were missing the Y chromosome in a large percentage of their blood cells were at notably heightened risk of mortality in the years that followed. "I saw that men with loss of Y in a large proportion of their blood cells survived only half as long, 5.5 years versus 11.1 years," Lars Forsberg, a researcher at Uppsala University and one of the study's lead authors, told the Times.

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The New York Times reports that having low testosterone levels is unrelated to loss of Y chromosome, and testosterone supplements do not benefit men with mLOY.

However, experts say there is one known way to reduce your risk of Y chromosome loss: quitting smoking. In fact, according to a separate study published in Science, smokers are up to four times more likely to lose all Y chromosomes in the blood cells, compared with non-smokers.

Addicted to nicotine? Speak with your doctor for tips on how to quitand to learn more about the benefits of doing so.

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Men Missing Y Chromosome Have High Heart Disease Risk Best Life - Best Life

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Summary: In males, sun exposure activates the p53 protein which signals to the body to produce the appetite-associated ghrelin hormone. In women, estrogen blocks the interaction between p53 and ghrelin, reducing the urge to eat following sun exposure.

Source: Tel Aviv University

A new study from Tel Aviv University reveals that solar exposure increases appetite in males, but not in females. Conducted on lab models, the study unravels the differences between males and females in the activation of the metabolic mechanism.

The researchers explain that in males of both animal species and humans, sun exposure activates a protein called p53, in order to repair any DNA damage in the skin that might have been caused by the exposure. The activation of p53 signals the body to produce a hormone called ghrelin, which stimulates the appetite.

In females, the hormone estrogen blocks the interaction between p53 and ghrelin, and consequently does not catalyze the urge to eat following exposure to the sun.

The groundbreaking study was led by Prof. Carmit Levy and PhD student Shivang Parikh of the Department of Human Genetics and Biochemistry at TAUs Sackler Faculty of Medicine.

It was conducted in collaboration with many researchers in Israel and worldwide, including contributors from Tel Aviv Sourasky (Ichilov), Assuta, Meir, and Sheba Medical Centers, along with Dr. Yiftach Gepner and Dr. Lior Bikovski from TAUs Sackler Faculty of Medicine, and Prof. Aron Weller of Bar-Ilan University.

The paper was published in the prestigious journalNature Metabolism.

The study was based on epidemiological data collected in a year-long survey about the eating habits of approximately 3,000 Israelis of both sexes, including self-reports from students who had spent time in the sun, combined with the results of a genetic study in a lab model.

The findings identify the skin as a primary regulator of energy and appetite (metabolism) in both lab models and humans.

The researchers explain that there is a dramatic metabolic difference between males and females, impacting both their health and their behavior. However, so far it has not been established whether the two sexes respond differently to environmental triggers such as exposures to the suns UV radiation.

Prof. Levy: We examined the differences between men and women after sun exposure and found that men eat more than women because their appetite has increased.

Our study was the first gender-dependent medical study ever conducted on UV exposure, and for the first time, the molecular connection between UV exposure and appetite was deciphered.

Gender-dependent medical studies are particularly complex, since twice the number of participants are required in order to find statistically significant differences.

Prof. Levy concludes: As humans, we have cast off our furand consequently, our skin, the largest organ in our body, is exposed to signals from the environment. The protein p53, found in the skin, repairs damage to the DNA caused by sun exposure, but it does more than that. It signals to our bodies that winter is over, and we are out in the sun, possibly in preparation for the mating season.

Our results provide an encouraging basis for more research, on both human metabolism and potential UV-based therapies for metabolic diseases and appetite disorders.

Author: Noga ShaharSource: Tel Aviv UniversityContact: Noga Shahar Tel Aviv UniversityImage: The image is in the public domain

Original Research: Open access.Food-seeking behavior is triggered by skin ultraviolet exposure in males by Carmit Levy et al. Nature Metabolism

Abstract

Food-seeking behavior is triggered by skin ultraviolet exposure in males

Sexual dimorphisms are responsible for profound metabolic differences in health and behavior. Whether males and females react differently to environmental cues, such as solar ultraviolet (UV) exposure, is unknown.

Here we show that solar exposure induces food-seeking behavior, food intake, and food-seeking behavior and food intake in men, but not in women, through epidemiological evidence of approximately 3,000 individuals throughout the year.

In mice, UVB exposure leads to increased food-seeking behavior, food intake and weight gain, with a sexual dimorphism towards males.

In both mice and human males, increased appetite is correlated with elevated levels of circulating ghrelin.

Specifically, UVB irradiation leads to p53 transcriptional activation of ghrelin in skin adipocytes, while a conditional p53-knockout in mice abolishes UVB-induced ghrelin expression and food-seeking behavior. In females, estrogen interferes with the p53chromatin interaction on the ghrelin promoter, thus blocking ghrelin and food-seeking behavior in response to UVB exposure.

These results identify the skin as a major mediator of energy homeostasis and may lead to therapeutic opportunities for sex-based treatments of endocrine-related diseases.

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The headline of a recent article by Dani Blum, a News Assistant in the Well section of the New York Times, forced me to ask myself, Are we really this misinformed about what contributes to good health and wellness, and the basic actions we can take to improve our chances of aging well and avoiding disease and chronic pain? Blums piece, entitled, You Wont Live Longer by Diet or Exercise Alone, Study Says, began by stating Sprawling new research showed that healthy eating and regular workouts do not, in isolation, stave off later health issues. They need to be done together.

Really? You mean it took Sprawling new research to verify that walking Fido vigorously each morning, then taking him with me for a pancake and whipped cream breakfast seven days a week might not be the best preparation for my senior years? That three-times-a-week to the gym followed by a mocha cookie crumble frappuccino and double-smoked bacon, cheddar and egg croissant sandwich wont necessarily qualify me for the Canada Summer Games next time they swing into Niagara?

Assume my diet is a perfect combination of organic leafy greens, black beans, lentils and gluten-free, hearth-baked bread with natural honey on seaweed crackers for dessert. Does this mean I can sit in an ergonomic chair at work or in front of my home computer all day, then watch four hours of Netflix every evening without risking my long-term health? Of course not. Next up was an article in The Guardian by Linda Geddes, Science Correspondent, entitled, Sunlight may trigger hormone that makes men hungrier, study suggests.

The piece was based on a study by Carmit Levy, a Professor of Human Molecular Genetics and Biochemistry, at Tel Aviv University, examining the effect of sunlight on appetite in male and female people and similar genders of mice.

The substance of the article was that his team had discovered ghrelin levels (a gut hormone which stimulates food intake, fat deposition and growth hormone release in our bodies) rise in males blood after sun exposure, but estrogen appears to block a similar increase in females. The article stated, Analysis of 3,000 people revealed that men, but not women, increased their food intake during the summer months. Okay, but could there possibly be any other reasons than exposure to sunlight?

I dont recall many of my male buds worrying about losing a few pounds to fit into a new bathing suit before hitting the beach and going on a summer crash diet, or blaming sunshine for the need to have a beer or three and plate of fries after playing a round of golf, which is most-often done in the summer. Seems backyard steak and sausage BBQs are more prevalent in the summer than winter too. Could any of these be a factor?

As I completed reading Geddes article, my skepticism was rewarded by a review notation in the second to last paragraph. It read, Dr. Duane Mellor, a dietitian and senior teaching fellow at Aston University (Birmingham, England) was more cautious. What it does show is the potential mechanism of how UVB can influence hormone metabolism, and how this may be associated with an increase in the appetite hormone ghrelin, at least in mice, he said.

The need to evaluate wellness and health advice, as this column generally cautions when it ventures into these topics, through additional corroborating evidence mixed with our own best common sense is clear. Indiscriminately accepting what fits into our preconceived ideas is seldom useful, and understanding the motivation behind conflicting health information is helpful. Those of us born in the two decades immediately following the Second World War remember our mothers constantly telling us to eat carrots by the bunch to improve our vision. Dear mom was aided in this unabashed conspiracy of forced carrot consumption by Bugs Bunny, Warner Bros sassy carrot-chomping wild hare in cartoon after cartoon.

Science later proved that the beta-carotene in carrots does indeed help our bodies produce vitamin A, which increases the ability of our eyes to convert light into signals the brain understands, and reduces cornea degeneration as we age.

Problem is, this carrot and eyesight health link wasnt founded on solid health science in the early 1940s. It seems that the British Royal Air Force had developed radar technology late in the war, suddenly increasing the success of their bombing raids on Germany. In an effort to hide their discovery, the British promoted the myth that their airmen had suddenly become more capable of night vision by eating volumes of carrots. The science came much later than the headlines.

Remember the MSG (monosodium glutamate, a common amino acid with one sodium atom added) scare which began in the late 1960s? Im still afraid of this food additive, or at least I was until I read that MSGs bad rap began in 1968, when an American doctor named Robert Ho Man Kwok wrote a letter to the New England Journal Medicine, calling a medical condition of general numbness and weakness the Chinese restaurant syndrome, citing the MSG used to flavour Chinese food as the culprit. The American Chemical Society, a potentially unbiased stakeholder if ever there was one, swiftly responded with the vague non-statement that MSG can temporarily affect a select few when consumed in huge quantities on an empty stomach, but its perfectly safe for the vast majority of people.

Confused by this conundrum between natural salt and MSG, I personally chose to switch to pink Himalayan salt. Its reputed to contain healthy trace minerals, which worked for me until my son pointed out that the dispenser I was using to grind it had hardened plastic cutting teeth rather than metallic ones. I was in fact ingesting more trace plastic than healthy trace minerals. Now its Pass the sea salt please at our house.

Then theres the five-second rule, the idea that if a piece of food drops on the floor you can safely pick it up and eat it as long as it doesnt sit there for more than five seconds. Apparently Julia Child gets the blame for this one. During one of her TV shows she dropped a potato pancake, promptly returned it to the pan, and continued with her cooking demonstration as if nothing had happened.

The crazy part is that the five-second rule has since been the subject of countless studies which have determined that food on the floor can pick up bacteria quickly, that sticky wet food will collect more potential pathogens than dry morsels, that some floor bacteria are more harmful than others, and that dirty floors are more likely to be unsafe for five second food drops than clean ones. Sure hope our taxes werent funding Health Canada to participate in this research. My personal interpretation of the five-second rule doesnt need scientific guidance. If the food dropped is a cookie or ripe sweet cherry, it will be picked up and eaten. Dropped soggy cooked brussels sprouts go straight to the compost bucket. Pizza is situational. When I bought the last slice of warm pizza at 5:59 PM from the only gas station still open along some desolate road in northern Ontario, after cycling 120 kilometres, then promptly dropped it face-down on the sidewalk, a five-second or five-minute rule wouldnt have saved that pizza slice and a few fresh tiny specs of gravel from being eaten.

Are the natural sugars in honey better for you than processed sugar? Will an apple a day keep the doctor away? Is herbal tea or juice better for detoxing? The list goes on.

As Dani Blum suggested at the beginning of this column, Ill stick with balancing diet and exercise, and do my best research before I intentionally change a wellness habit. In the meantime, I just viewed the beginning of a podcast, and now I really need to find out why Dr. Steven Gundry, MD and best-selling author of nutrition and cookbooks, claims that, Beans are so lethal that five raw kidney beans will kill a human being in five minutes by coagulating their blood.

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THE BALANCED LIFE | Use common sense when digesting wellness advice | - The Voice of Pelham

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Before its 75th Independence Day, India will have brought back cheetahs to semi-wild conditions in Madhya Pradesh, where cheetah roamed more than 100 years ago.

It will surely be a moment of rejoice but one should remember that these animals may be more of a tourist attraction than add ecological value. It is the worlds first species re-introduction programme and comes at the time when less than 7,000 cheetahs are remaining in the world with their population on decline.

Last Wednesday, India and Namibia signed a historic memorandum of understanding (MoU) on translocation of cheetahs to India for a period of 5 years, which can be renewed for successive 5-year periods, unless either party terminates the agreement. Namibia has promised to provide India eight cheetahs in two batches of four each.

The agreement speaks about biodiversity conservation with specific focus on restoration of the cheetah in its former range areas; sharing expertise and capacities for cheetah conservation in the two countries, wildlife conservation and sustainable biodiversity utilisation and mechanisms of livelihood generation for local communities living in wildlife habitats.

On the face of it, the agreement looks good but wildlife experts point out that the provision on sustainable conservation of biodiversity actually means supporting Namibia at the meetings of Convention on International Trade in Endangered Specials of Wild Flora and Fauna (CITES) to allow trade of wildlife and its body parts. Namibia and several other African countries, which have a huge stockpile of wildlife body parts, have been trying for long to negotiate the trade at CITES, the international wildlife regulator, for their sale in high demand western and West Asian countries.

This is a historic event. After a 75-year gap we will see cheetahs back in India. This will be the first inter-continental wild to wild transfer of cheetahs in the world. Some concerns regarding the agreement were there but those have been resolved now. Negotiations on modalities of translocation are underway. Initially, we may get 8 cheetahs by August, said SP Yadav, head of National Tiger Conservation Authority (NTCA), the national big cat regulatory body.

The Cheetah project

The Supreme Court appointed panel had surveyed 10 sites between 2010 and 2012 to select where the cheetah could be introduced. Based on the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) guidelines for reintroductions that consider species viability according to demography, genetics and socio-economics of conflict and livelihoods, Kuno Palpur National Park in Shivpuri district of Madhya Pradesh was considered ready for receiving the cheetah. This was because there had been already been a lot of investments in this protected area for introducing Asiatic lions from Gir National Park in Gujarat.

The current carrying capacity for Kuno (748 sq km) is a maximum of 21 cheetahs and it could be enhanced for another 20 by including the remaining part of the Kuno Wildlife Division (1,280 sq km) through prey restoration, the ministry said. It has also provided R10 crore for the project and is sourcing money from private funders. The Wildlife Institute of India (WII) with national and international cheetah experts is providing technical and knowledge support, the ministry said.

According to an environment ministry report on Cheetah Translocation Project, the aim of bringing cheetahs to India is to establish a viable cheetah meta-population in India that allows the cheetah to perform its functional role as a top predator and provide space for the expansion of the cheetah within its historical range.

According to a Ravi Chellam, biodiversity expert and CEO, Metastring Foundation & Coordinator, Biodiversity Collaborative, in March 2022, published a report saying that range of cheetahs extended from Punjab in north to Bihar in the east to Gujarat and Rajasthan in the west and till Western Ghats in south. The last cheetah spotted in India was in Western Ghats and northern Bihar in 1967. Madhya Pradesh where the cheetahs are being brought lost their last this big cat in 1912 and 1932, as per the study.

There are authentic reports of their occurrence from as far north as Punjab to the Tirunelveli district in Tamil Nadu. The cheetahs habitat was also diverse, favouring the more open habitats, scrub forest, dry grasslands, savannas and other arid and semi-arid open habitats, he said in the report.

The consistent and widespread capture of cheetahs from the wild over centuries, its reduced levels of genetic heterogeneity due to a historical genetic bottleneck resulting in reduced fecundity and high infant mortality in the wild, its inability to breed in captivity, sport hunting and bounty killings are the major reasons for the extinction of the Asiatic cheetah in India, Chellam had said.

On the ministry statement that it wants cheetah to perform its functional role as a top predator, Chellam said the role is being done by Asiatic lion and leopards in the country. Moreover, data from African countries show that farm bred cheetahs (which India is getting) are very vulnerable to leopard. In Kuno, where they would be habituated for wild, top predator is leopards with officials estimate their number to be more than 50.

The translocation process

The ministry said cheetahs from Namibia will be first to arrive by August 15 and the animals have been identified there.

According to a University of Pretoria statement, 12 animals are being prepared in South Africa for their new home in Madhya Pradesh. Of them, at least six are expected to be in Kuno by end of 2022, which would by then have four cheetahs from Namibia.

The ministry has made Kuno National Park management responsible for monitoring and protection of cheetahs with the help of Wildlife Institute scientists and international experts from South Africa and Namibia. For people living in and around Kuno, an awareness campaigns is underway with a local mascot named Chintu Cheetah, ministry said.

Cheetahs brought in from Namibia would be soft released (providing wild animals with a gradual transition to the wild during translocation) into a 10 sq km enclosure in Kuno to reduce their tendency to disperse long distances from their site of release, officials said, adding they would be housed in the predator proof fenced enclosures.

Initially, male and female cheetahs would be kept separately in five square kilometre enclosure but adjoining compartments and will be allowed to co-habit as and when indications would be there. The location of the enclosure will be such that the cheetahs can sense the presence of prey and predators before release.

A new study by a United Nations affiliated global wildlife regulator in July 2022 said that cheetahs are notoriously difficult to breed in captivity based on long-time research on cheetah breeding in captive facilities in Africa. Cheetahs are notoriously difficult to breed in captivity for example, North American cheetahs have excellent genetic variation as well as housing and veterinary care, yet only 23 out of 111 females have had offspring, the study said.

The concerns

Experts point out that apart from breeding in captivity concerns, there are also questions over whether Kuno, a Vindhya forest with limited grassland, is a perfect habitat for cheetah, which like vast open spaces for their biological and physical needs. Studies in Africa have shown that female cheetah are solitary and roam vast distances whereas male defends smaller territories and mate when female pass through, creating breeding issues.

Even the national action plan for cheetah translocation released in January 2022 hinted at the animals low reproduction issues saying Kuno has current capacity to sustain 21 cheetahs in 15 years and 36 after 30-40 years.

Wildlife experts also point out to the presence of leopards in Kuno which would make release of the animals in the wild difficult. Studies have shown that in Africa, the leopards have hunted down cheetah as prey, and similar fears are being expressed for Kuno also, which has about 50 leopards in and around the core area, where cheetahs will be housed.

Another pivotal issue is whether a cheetah living in an enclosure and being fed with a prey will be able to hunt in wild on its own. In the past decade or so, not even a single wild big cat such as tiger and lion treated or bred in enclosure have been able to return to life in wild. Sundari, the tigress which returned from Satkosia in Odisha after failed relocation attempt, was finally kept captive for life in Bhopal Zoo. Close to 30 lions kept in an enclosure after CDV outbreak in Gir National Park would go to different zoos in the country.

Anish Andheria, President of Wildlife Conservation Trust, however, rebuffed some concerns. In Africa, cheetahs live alongside other felids like lions and leopards. Cheetah is an intermediate size cat. Male tigers do migrate to Kuno from Ranthambore off and on, but they haven't bred due to the absence of tigresses. So, conflict with tigers is not a major concern. We will have to see how cheetahs cope with leopards, he said.

He also pointed out cheetahs survived in wooded habitats in Africa also and therefore, forest of Kuno should not be a major concern. I agree it is not the best habitat for cheetah. I think the ministry should start exploring other larger, more open habitats in Gujarat and Rajasthan and prepare them for cheetah introduction in 10 years he said.

More than 117 years after the project to rehabilitate lions from Africa failed, the government has readied an enclosure for cheetahs in the dry deciduous forest landscape of Kuno Palpur. In 1905, 10 lions were brought from Africa and of them, seven reached, who were killed by local villagers. Kuno had lost all its lions till 1872 and cheetahs by early 1920s. Getting back cheetah is a milestone in Indias wildlife management history that started in 1973 with declaration of first tiger reserve. The Cheetah project is an experiment worth pursuing to improve forest and wildlife management. Whether it succeeds or fails, the future will tell.

The views expressed are personal

Chetan Chauhan heads regional editions as Deputy National Affairs Editor. A journalist for over 20 years, he has written extensively on social sector with special focus on environment and political economy. ...view detail

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Ecostani | Despite concerns, the Cheetah project is worth pursuing - Hindustan Times

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IntroductionThis essay explores why people should not be held fully morally responsible for their choices. It first draws from theories developed by scholars in psychology and sociology, then refers to case studies in criminality to explore these ideas. The first part explores the 'just world' fallacy, which explains that people wish to believe the world is just, thus most have a desire for others to be held responsible for their choices. Whilst that may be the case, people's choices are undoubtedly influenced by their environmental and genetic conditions. This suggests that social circumstances and innate factors are the main influencers on our behaviour, which means that people are not fully responsible for their choices. The second and third sections use academic research and case studies in criminogenic literature to explore the extent to which social environment and innate factors influence people's choices and lead some individuals or groups to criminality. Finally, in conjunction with Jung's complex theory, I conclude that poor social conditions and congenital deficiencies can make people more susceptible to mental illness and be more prone to irrational, criminal acts, especially when violence is concerned. This leads me to argue that prisons should rehabilitate criminals rather than punish them. As criminals cant possibly take full moral responsibility for their choices, empathy rather than retribution should be societys focus.Main bodyMelvin J Lerner developed the just world fallacy in the 1960s. This theory puts forth the case that people often think the world is fair only to understand or cope with various injustices.[1]It thus explains why people are keen to attribute the mistakes of others or to their own personal behaviour for a misfortune, as opposed to pointing to the circumstances and other factors beyond their control.[2] Conversely, if one has a positive or beneficial outcome, they often attribute its cause to their own efforts. The key thesis of this concept is that humans need a sense of just deserts in order to make sense of reality. In one study, for instance, Melvin J Lerner asked a group of students to observe a girl receive electric shocks as a punishment for making a mistake on a faux mission.[3] Following the observation, the students disparaged the victim and behaved as if she deserved the harsh punishment she received. At the same time, however, they also recognised that they felt powerless to help the girl. This observation demonstrates that a punishment, especially one carried out by an authority figure, can play in to the just world fallacy and suspend critical thought. The Just World fallacy may also compliment Jung's view that human begins are in state of moral conflict. This is due to our innate awareness that we are imperfect, a realisation that triggers a type of trauma-complex."[4] This forces people to behave irrationally in ways that are not otherwise acceptable to the self, as the confrontation between their ego and this complex disturbs them.[5] Jung, however, believed that everyone was more or less prone to multiple personalities as everyone had complexes.[6] This means that with the right amount of psychological help and understanding of people's 'attitudes' (introversion and extroversion), people are largely able to maintain a healthy state of mind and are less likely to behave in extreme ways. As such, Jung can grant us insights about the issue of moral responsibility as he views our consciousness as far from a singular entity with one narrative. He is, therefore, still of great influence in how we can understand the complexities of personality.Modern psychology, however, now demands more scientifically rigorous studies that explore the complexities of consciousness. Firstly, genes may play a role in determining human behaviour. This is because genes can not only determine ones sex or biological structure of the human body in general, but may also may influence ones psychological characteristics.[7] According to Laura A. Baker, the genes of ones parents can influence an individuals behaviour (including the way they raise their children), and children's genes influence their behaviour in return (including the way they react to their parents).[8] For example, in one controversial study, working-class families and their descendants are more likely to possess genes that predispose individuals to aggressive behaviour. This is because, the study argues, their ancestors were more likely to drink or used drugs which can cause genetic defects. These defected genes then pass on to their offspring, depriving them of what could have been their expected learning abilities and physiological systems. This is called epigenetics, which means people's diseases, behaviours, and other health indicators are inherited from family members a generation or even several generations prior.[9]Notwithstanding, although genes are essential to understanding ones predisposition to certain behaviours, factors such as the political environment and ones socialisation directly also influence thoughts and behaviour. As mile Durkheim famously argued, individuals or social groups who do not follow what is deemed the acceptable rules of the society are deviants.[10] Whilst Durkheim viewed deviants as necessary elements of the social structure, most people arguably suppress their true thoughts and actions in order to conform to the moral maxims that are generally expected of them. This is the case even if it results in them not achieving their personal goals. Jung, once again, is useful to draw from here, as he uses the term "persona" to describe the phenomenon where people choose to hide their true selves in order to form functional relations with society.[11] For example, in Solomon Aschs conformity experiments, fifty students were asked to take a "visual test" in a room alongside several other observers. They did not know, however, whether the other participants were also students. Within this experiment, non-student observers gave wrong answers to 12 of 18 questions. They did this to see if the students would change their answers to match the rest of the group. What the study found was that although the students gave a correct answer at first, they then they gave the wrong answer based on the observer's answer.[12] This demonstrates the powerful effects of peer pressure and socialization on ones actions.According to another study conducted by Paul Willis showed that students from working-class families have a negative attitude towards education.[13] They may, for instance, disrupt class or not follow school rules. Willis argues that the reason why working-class people are more likely to engage in deviant behaviour than the other people from other classes is because of social inequality.[14] As working-class family do not have the financial means to provide quality education for their children as middle-class and upper-class families do, working-class families may expect their children to find work earlier in life to support their families. However, as they are less qualified, they often have to work in factories or manufacturing industries as labourers for very little pay. Conversely, children of other classes have the opportunity to study in higher education, and thus use their knowledge and experience to attain well-paid jobs. Yet when working class children communicate with middle class children during their school years, they realize that they can't get the same treatment and experience as other classes. This, in turn, leads to violence to vent their frustrations. Albert Cohen therefore argued that when students don't get the status they aspire to, they tend to form a criminal subculture.[15] This could explain why working-class children are more likely to commit crimes.Accordingly, if someone commits a moral error such as a crime, its only logical to offer them rehabilitation than handing out punitive punishments. Criminals are not entirely in control of their actions, as they may be influenced by family upbringing or congenital factors that manifest as psychological problems. According to psychologist Thomas Fagan, many prison systems in recent years have finally realised that psychological care for mentally illness in prisons is of great importance.[16] This entails that prisons should be similar in their scope and ethos to mental hospitals, regardless of the difference in damage they may have done to society. In fact, it can be further deduced that all the mental deficiencies of criminals in prison may have even more serious symptoms than those admitted to mental health facilities. Hence, whilst criminals are punished by the law in prison, they undoubtedly also require psychological rehabilitation from doctors.One case study of interest is on conducted by James O. Beasley II on Offender Number Five, one of seven serial murder cases. Offender Number Five is a black male who grew up in a very unstable home and lived with his grandmother.[17]After his grandmother died, he turned to a life of crime and violence. He was arrested for a number of juvenile offenses, namely robbery, sexual assault, murder, and multiple thefts. Following his release from prison, he immediately resumed his murderous activities. His level of brutality was distinctive and shocking, as he robbed his victims of their mobility, sexually assaulted them, and finally beat them to death. One of his surviving victims eventually took him to court and he was sent back to prison.[18] In the interview, the criminal admitted that he had a strong sense of loneliness, yet he refused to communicate with others and chose to digest these feelings on his own.[19] As he got older, however, he found that he couldnt satisfy his sexual desire unless it was accompanied by violence against others.[20] Upon examination, he scored 33 on the psychopathic checklist, which is well above the diagnostic criteria for psychopathy.[21] This means he had little control over his actions and showed little remorse for his violent actions. Accordingly, Offender Number Five is a prime example of how poor socialization in childhood can induce psychopathy and breed criminality.ConclusionTo conclude, this essay has explored the extent to which social environment, genetic predisposition, and mental illness can influence people's choices. It first explored some Jungian psychology, which suggested that ones personality is more complex and multifaceted than it might seem on the surface. This led the essay to modern theories that a poor social environment may lead to epigenetic predispositions that induce psychological problems of inferiority and vulnerability. This chain reaction results in worsening psychological problems, which leads people to lose themselves and engage in extreme behaviour that they do not expect and cannot control. Hence, as there is plenty of evidence that people do not necessarily have control over their actions and choices, it is logically unsound to hold them not responsible for their moral decisions. Therefore, prisons should allocate more resources towards psychological rehabilitation, namely psychological counselling or drug treatment, which may compensate for the psychological defects of the primary socialisation stage and allow them to recover quickly and return to society. Finally, further research into this topic may seek to explore the other extreme of the spectrum. What leads sometimes to a life of joy and success? What factors are present in their upbringing? Perhaps even a comparative study between negative and positive examples may be helpful to illuminate the contrasts. Nevertheless, there is plenty more cases or examples than can be unearthed to grant insights to this question and prove my conclusion further.References

Abrams, D. (2019). Deviance - Sociological perspectives | Britannica. InEncyclopdia Britannica. britannica.com/topic/deviance/Sociological-perspectivesBaker, L. A. (2007). THE BIOLOGY OF RELATIONSHIPS: WHAT BEHAVIORAL GENETICS TELLS US ABOUT INTERACTIONS AMONG FAMILY MEMBERS.De Paul Law Review,56(3), 837846. ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4685725/Beasley, J. O. (2004). Serial murder in America: case studies of seven offenders.Behavioral Sciences & the Law,22(3), 405. doi.org/10.1002/bsl.595Benson, E. (2003, July).Rehabilitate or punish?Www.apa.org; American Psychological Association. apa.org/monitor/julaug03/rehabCherry, K. (2019).How the Just-World Phenomenon Explains Victim-Blaming. Verywell Mind. verywellmind.com/what-is-the-just-world-phenomenon-2795304Cherry, K. (2020, April 3).The Asch Conformity Experiments. Verywell Mind; Verywellmind. verywellmind.com/the-asch-conformity-experiments-2794996Gadek, R. (2019).Rehabilitation Versus Punishment in the Adult Justice System. Criminaljusticeonlineblog.com. criminaljusticeonlineblog.com/11/rehabilitation-versus-punishment-in-the-adult-justice-system/Hadberg, A. V. (2006). The methodology of Paul Willis. A review of Learning to Labor: How Working Class Kids get Working Class Jobs.Athenea Digital. Revista de Pensamiento E Investigacin Social,1(9). doi.org/10.5565/rev/athenea.275Khan Academy. (2008).Genes, environment, and behavior. Khan Academy. khanacademy.org/test-prep/mcat/behavior/behavior-and-genetics/a/genes-environment-and-behaviorKreitzer, M. J. (2016).What Impact Does the Environment Have on Us?Taking Charge of Your Health & Wellbeing. takingcharge.csh.umn.edu/what-impact-does-environment-have-usLerner, M. J., & Simmons, C. H. (1966). Observers reaction to the innocent victim: Compassion or rejection?.Journal of Personality and Social Psychology,4(2), 203210. doi.org/10.1037/h0023562Lumen. (2018).Functionalism and Deviance | Introduction to Sociology. Courses.lumenlearning.com. courses.lumenlearning.com/wm-introductiontosociology/chapter/theoretical-perspectives-on-deviance/Mcleod, S. (2020, January 21).Stanford Prison Experiment. Simply Psychology; Simply Psychology. simplypsychology.org/zimbardo.htmlPaul, S., & Repository, S. (2020). The Criminal Behavior of Genes | Role of genes in criminal activity.Www.sciencerepository.org. doi.org/10.31487/sr.blog.14Santa Clara University. (2015).The Just World Theory. @SantaClaraUniv. scu.edu/ethics/ethics-resources/ethical-decision-making/the-just-world-theory/Stein, M. (2017a).Jungs Map of th Soul : an Introduction(K. Zhu, Trans.; p. 143). General distributor of Daiwa Books and Newspapers, Xin Bei Shi. (Original work published 1998)Stein, M. (2017b).Jungs Map of the Soul : an Introduction(K. Zhu, Trans.; p. 70). General distributor of Yamato Books and Newspapers, Xin Bei Shi. (Original work published 1998)Stein, M. (2017c).Jungs Map of the Soul : an Introduction(K. Zhu, Trans.; p. 60). General distributor of Daiwa Books and Newspapers, Xin Bei Shi. (Original work published 1998)Stein, M. (2017d).Jungs Map of the Soul : an Introduction(K. Zhu, Trans.; pp. 5659). General distributor of Daiwa Books and Newspapers, Xin Bei Shi. (Original work published 1998)Stein, M. (2017e).Jungs Map of the Soul : an Introduction(K. Zhu, Trans.; pp. 6667). General distributor of Daiwa Books and Newspapers, Xin Bei Shi. (Original work published 1998)Thompson, K. (2016, May 31).Subcultural Theories of Deviance. ReviseSociology. revisesociology.com/2016/05/31/subcultural-theories-crime-deviance/tutor2u. (2019, April).Classic Texts: Paul Willis Learning to Labour 1977. Tutor2u. tutor2u.net/sociology/reference/classic-texts-paul-willis-learning-to-labour-1977tutor2u. (2020, March 8).Classic Texts: Albert Cohen Delinquent Boys. Tutor2u. tutor2u.net/sociology/reference/classic-texts-albert-cohen-delinquent-boys-1955Weinhold, B. (2006). Epigenetics: The Science of Change.Environmental Health Perspectives,114(3). doi.org/10.1289/ehp.114-a160

[1] Cherry, K. (2019).How the Just-World Phenomenon Explains Victim-Blaming. Verywell Mind. verywellmind.com/what-is-the-just-world-phenomenon-2795304[2] Ibid[3] Lerner, M. J., & Simmons, C. H. (1966). Observers reaction to the innocent victim: Compassion or rejection?.Journal of Personality and Social Psychology,4(2), 203210. doi.org/10.1037/h0023562[4] Stein, M. (2017b).Jungs Map of the Soul: an Introduction(K. Zhu, Trans.; p. 70). General distributor of Yamato Books and Newspapers, Xin Bei Shi. (Original work published 1998)[5] Ibid, pp. 5659[6] Ibid, pp. 6667[7] Baker, L. A. (2007). THE BIOLOGY OF RELATIONSHIPS: WHAT BEHAVIORAL GENETICS TELLS US ABOUT INTERACTIONS AMONG FAMILY MEMBERS.De Paul Law Review,56(3), 837846. ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4685725/[8] Ibid, pp. 837-846[9] Weinhold, B. (2006). Epigenetics: The Science of Change.Environmental Health Perspectives,114(3). doi.org/10.1289/ehp.114-a160[10] Lumen. (2018).Functionalism and Deviance | Introduction to Sociology. Courses.lumenlearning.com. courses.lumenlearning.com/wm-introductiontosociology/chapter/theoretical-perspectives-on-deviance/[11] Stein, M. (2017a).Jungs Map of the Soul: an Introduction(K. Zhu, Trans.; p. 143). General distributor of Daiwa Books and Newspapers, Xin Bei Shi. (Original work published 1998)[12] Cherry, K. (2020, April 3).The Asch Conformity Experiments. Verywell Mind; Verywellmind. verywellmind.com/the-asch-conformity-experiments-2794996[13] tutor2u. (2019, April).Classic Texts: Paul Willis Learning to Labour 1977. Tutor2u. tutor2u.net/sociology/reference/classic-texts-paul-willis-learning-to-labour-1977[14] Ibid[15] tutor2u. (2020, March 8).Classic Texts: Albert Cohen Delinquent Boys. Tutor2u. tutor2u.net/sociology/reference/classic-texts-albert-cohen-delinquent-boys-1955[16] Benson, E. (2003, July).Rehabilitate or punish?Www.apa.org; American Psychological Association. apa.org/monitor/julaug03/rehab[17] Beasley, J. O. (2004). Serial murder in America: case studies of seven offenders.Behavioral Sciences & the Law,22(3), 405. doi.org/10.1002/bsl.595[18] Ibid, pp. 405[19] Ibid, pp. 405[20] Ibid, pp. 405[21] Ibid, pp. 405

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To what extent human beings are morally responsible for the actions they take as a result of their innate and acquired influences - Teen Ink

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Do you have healthy hair? Do you suffer from hair fall? Are you trying to grow your hair fast?

Many people do not give a second thought to their hair growth. For them, the growth of their hair is not a matter of concern. But the people who experience hair fall, hair damage, or have extremely thin hair often brood about the growth of their hair and what they can do to attain it. They often wonder how long it will take to reach the desired length or how fast hair grows normally.

Heres everything to know about hair growth, the factors affecting the growth, and how fast hair really grows.

First things first! The growth of everyones hair is not the same. It will always vary due to various factors such as hormone levels, genes, age, etc. If you see your friends hair growing fast doesnt mean your hair will grow at the same frequency or vice versa.

That being said, studies have laid down an average rate of hair growth in humans. According to a scientific report, most peoples hair grows at the rate of half an inch per month. It further depends on how well you care for your hair. It means that if you treat your hair properly and care for it on time, your hair will grow six inches a year.

While some people may experience good growth in their hair, others may not.

If your hair is weaker and more brittle compared to previous years, there may be an imbalance or deficiency in your body, resulting in malnourished hair. The factors such as poor diet and lifestyle, thyroid imbalances, medications, and inflammation from stress often make your hair weak and slow down the process of hair growth. As a result, your hair tends to grow slower than ever.

The speed of your hair growth depends upon many factors ranging from genetic to environmental. We have listed down some of them.

According to a study, your ethnicity defines the growth of your hair to a great extent. For instance, Asian hair grows the fastest at about 411 micrometers a day. This steady growth rate in their hair results in 0.48 inches growth per month.

African hair has a slower growth rate than Asian, around 280 micrometers a day or 0.32 inches a month. The growth for Caucasian hair is somewhere around 367 micrometers a day or 0.42 inches a month.

The growth of your hair is also characterized by your gender. Many studies have determined that male hair grows faster than female hair. It moves through the hair cycle quicker, thus, not getting as long as female hair before shedding and starting over again.

The growth rate in male hair is faster than in females. Compared to the opposite gender, male hair grows 0.5 inches per month, while female hair grows 0.4 inches per month. It is why men need more frequent haircuts and trimming than women.

Your age is one of the primary factors affecting your hair growth rate. The growth of your mane is partially regulated by the hormones, of which your body adjusts production over time. It is found that your hair growth is at the peak between 15 to 30 years of age.

After your thirties, the follicles of your hair stop growing new hairs in their entirety. It means that some hair strands already been shed through the natural hair cycle will not grow back on your scalp. Now you know what causes thinning of hair!

Age-related hair loss is again influenced by genetic and environmental factors. Thus, some people may not experience a noticeable reduction in their hair growth as they age.

One of the essential factors that influence your hair growth is your diet. As your hair is composed of protein, it needs to get enough protein and other forms of nutrition such as amino acids, iron, zinc, niacin, fatty acids, etc. for proper growth. If you are not getting the desired amounts of nutrients, minerals, and vitamins in your diet, the growth of your hair may suffer at large.

People who reduce their calorie count all at once are at a higher risk of thinning their hair.

Your genetics are equally responsible for influencing the growth rate of your hair. Every individuals hair enters a growth or anagen phase. The phase is where the follicles produce new hair cells actively, resulting in longer strands. Your genetics may cause you to have a short anagen phase lasting only 2-3 years, while it could last as long as 6-7 years for others.

The longer your hair is in the anagen phase, the more opportunities it gets to grow before shedding and being replaced by new hair. If you suffer from any genetic disorder, it may affect your hair growth, on the whole, resulting in the conditions such as premature shedding and shorter growth phases.

If you are bothersome about the slow growth of your hair, fret not. Increasing the rate at which your hair grows is possible when you take all the factors affecting your hair growth into consideration. While you cannot alter some factors such as genetics, ethnicity, age, and gender, there are a couple of things that you can do to accelerate your hair growth.

Here are some tips to encourage faster hair growth.

As stated, nutrition plays an integral role in managing your hair. Your hair has a few nutrient requirements that need to be met if you expect hair growth at a proper rate. According to scientists, the below-listed nutrients help you grow hair and prevent hair loss.

Make it a point to consume healthy meals including all the above-listed nutrients to grow your hair and improve your overall health. You can include the food items such as eggs, fish, dairy products, green vegetables, and fruits into your diet. Adding nuts such as almonds and walnuts also helps you grow your hair and improve its quality.

Never take hair supplements without consulting your doctor or nutritionist. Consume proteins in higher amounts to keep hair fall at bay.

A few studies have laid down that regular head massages may help hair grow thicker. More research is required to prove this claim, but massaging your hair regularly may help you in many ways.

Hair massage is known to help ease stress, which is considered one of the biggest triggers of hair fall. Apart from this, massaging your hair always feels great. You can use hair oil and massage your hair weekly. You can also buy a scalp massaging tool from the market. You will feel relaxed immediately.

Sleeping on a silk or satin pillow for hair growth is trending all over social media platforms. While some people do not take it seriously, there are benefits of using this fabric to sleep.

Crisp cotton lines may feel comfortable and good against your skin, but they may not be the best choice if you have fragile hair. Some people wear a satin bonnet to bed or sleep on satin pillowcases. Although this hack doesnt make your hair grow faster, it reduces hair friction, frizz, and breakage.

Do you skip conditioning every time you wash your hair?

If yes, its about time you take this step seriously. Using conditioner every time after shampooing your hair strengthens it. A conditioner also helps your hair behave and look better. A good-quality conditioner protects your hair from harmful UV sun rays. If you have fine hair, applying a conditioner on the bottom of your hair helps avoid weighing it down. A conditioner also helps to nourish fragile hair.

Many studies claim that severe stress is one of the triggers for hair fall. It sends your hair into a resting phase, skipping the stage that coaxes your hair to grow. Stressing too much may also put you at a higher risk for a condition known as alopecia areata. Under this condition, your immune system starts affecting your hair follicles, thus leading to extreme hair loss.

Do not stress too much, and give yourself a break to save your hair from falling.

Bleaching your hair may make you look food and stylish, but do you know it may damage your hair?

Using chemical hair treatments that alter your hair permanently may weaken your hair. Consequently, your hair starts breaking before growing. Do not color your hair too often. Always choose a high-quality product claiming minimal damage to color your hair.

Heat styling may damage your hair in ways you cannot imagine. If you often get blow-outs or use a curling or straightening iron or even a hot comb on your hair, avoid doing it to save it from damage.

If you heat your hair regularly, put on a heat protectant first and use the coolest setting.

We hope that the above-listed article helps you learn everything about hair growth and how you can protect them from damage. Keep in touch for more.

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How Fast Does Hair Grow? Know These Easy-Peasy Tips to Grow your Tresses - TheTealMango

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Sure, your heart has been warmed by the historic releases of four California condors into our region over the last couple months. But how much do you know about these birds individual personalities?

If you are just realizing that you are woefully unprepared to distinguish your new feathered friends from each other, never fear. The U.S. Fish and Wildlife Services Rebecca Fabbri files the following helpful Prey-go-neesh profiles so you may better grasp the temperaments of the specific majestic creatures soaring over your head:

For the first time in more than a century, endangered Prey-go-neesh (California condors) can now be seen flying over Northern Californias redwoods.

On May 3, 2022, the Yurok Tribe successfully released the first pair of condors, out of a group of four, in Redwood National and State Parks, establishing the northernmost condor release area to date, and reclaiming a significant part of their former historic range, from which theyve been absent since 1892.

This journey towards restoration began in 2003, when a panel of Yurok elders made the decision that Prey-go-neesh was the highest priority land-based animal to return to Yurok ancestral territory due to the Yuroks deep cultural connection to the birds, saidYurok Wildlife Department DirectorTiana Williams-Claussen.

The reintroduction effort builds on over a decades worth of planning and preparation initiated by the Yurok Tribe with support by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, the National Park Service, State and other partners.

For countless generations, the Yurok people have upheld a sacred responsibility to maintain balance in the natural world, saidJoseph L. James, the Chairman of the Yurok Tribe, in the days leading up to release. Condor reintroduction is a real-life manifestation of our cultural commitment to restore and protect the planet for future generations.It is a historical moment in the Yurok Tribe, as we introduce our condors back home, providing that balance for us.Our prayers are answered.

The four condors, including one female and three males, are between two and four years old, an ideal age range where they would leave the care of their parents in the wild. Although it will take several years until these birds are at an age to reproduce in the wild, we believe we have a model for success with future northern reintroduction efforts. Learn a little more about each condor below.

# # #

Poy-we-son

Poy-we-son was the first California condor to take flight into wild. Photo courtesy of Matt Mais/Yurok Tribe

Hatched:Peregrine Funds World Center for Birds of Prey

Wing Tag: A3

Age: 2-year-old male

About me:First out the holding pen, we have Poy-we-son, which literallytranslates to, the one who goes ahead, but also harks back to the traditional name for a headman of a village, who helps lead and guide the village in a good way.

A3 is one of the more dominant birds, and I expect that hell be a leader amongst this flock and for new birds coming in, said Williams-Claussen.

True to his name, Poy-we-son was adventurous right from the start, boldly exploring the area surrounding the release facility for two weeks before returning to the release enclosures. His sojourn will have equipped him with valuable knowledge which he will share with his fellow cohort-members, as the small flock expands across the landscape.

Studbook number:1045

# # #

Nes-kwe-chokw perches outside of the flight pen. Photo courtesy of Patrick Myers/Yurok Tribe

Hatched:Oregon Zoo

Wing Tag: A2

Age: 2 1/2-year-old male

About me: Nes-kwe-chokw, which translates to He returns or He arrives, is a representative of the historic moment we just underwent, and condors return, free-flying, to the Yurok and surrounding landscape, said Williams-Claussen. He is a confident bird, often jockeying with A3 in play, but also to help establish his place in the hierarchy and with the will to do well in the wild.

Also proving true to his nickname, Nes-kwe-chokw initially has stuck more closely to home, the release enclosure, seemingly awaiting the release of the rest of his flock. Though growing increasingly comfortable ranging farther from the release facility, he has largely shown himself content to stay close to the facility, visiting with the birds remaining in captivity and agreeably taking advantage of food proffered by biologists to keep the far-ranging birds interested in the facility, which will be used for ongoing management.

Studbook number:1010

# # #

Ney-gem Ne-chweenkah takes in her new home. Photo courtesy of Patrick Myers/Yurok Tribe

Hatched:Oregon Zoo

Wing Tag: A0

Age: 3-year-old female

About me:Ney-gem Ne-chweenkah which translates to She carries our prayers is the only female of the first released cohort. She represents the creative life-force energy that females bring to the world, said Williams-Claussen. Its powerful. I envision her as the start of a whole new life and possibilities, both for our flock and for condors throughout their range. We also imbue this name with our prayers for her specifically, her cohort brothers and for all condors. She carries those, wherever she goes. We are incredibly grateful that Prey-go-neesh have come home to carry our beliefs, our energy, and our prayers when were asking for the world to be in balance, as a critical part of ecological community.

Though she struggled a bit with the mechanics of flying free in her first forays, as her first time to spread her wings in the wild, shell figure it out soon and has integrated well with both Poy-we-son (A3) and Nes-kwe-chokw (A2). All three are comfortably sharing resources and will continue to learn from and teach each other.

Studbook number:969

# # #

Hlow Hoo-let was the last to join the cohort with his friends, who together will take flight toward reestablishing a California condor population in the Pacific Northwest. Photo courtesy of the Yurok Tribe

Hatched:Peregrine Funds World Center for Birds of Prey

Wing Tag: A1

Age:3-year-old male

About me:A1 has been nicknamed Hlow Hoo-let which means At last I (or we) fly! In line with the heavier names this first cohort carries, said Williams-Claussen. I interpret that as reference to the joyous day that all four of our first cohort fly free together.

On a lighter note, its definitely also a reference to poor A1s extended wait to be let out, due to his faulty transmitter! We welcome Hlow Hoo-let to the skies of Yurok and surrounding lands, and look forward to his journey with us.

On July 14, 2022, he was the last to join the cohort with his friends, who togetherwill take flight toward reestablishing a California condor population in the Pacific Northwest.

Studbook number:973

# # #

Paaytoqin was chosen as a mentor bird because of his calm nature and good disposition. Photo courtesy of Matt Mais/Yurok Tribe

Hatched:Peregrine Funds World Center for Birds of Prey

Age:8-year-old male

About me:His name Paaytoqin (pie-toe-quin) means come back in Nez Perce language because he returned to World Center Birds of Prey, one of the recovery programs captive breeding facilities, after being at Oregon Zoo for three years, saidLeah Esquivelfrom the Peregrine Fund.

Hatched in 2014, he was selected to be held back for captivity based on genetics and is unreleasable.

We do not release captive adults that have never had any wild experience, saidSteve Kirkland, California condor field coordinator for the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. He could be paired with a mate in the future, if necessary; however, as for now, his role as a mentor will be an important influence on the younger birds.

Paaytoqin was chosen as a mentor bird because of his calm nature and good disposition.Prior to arriving to the Northern California Condor Reintroduction Program Facility, he proved to be a steady and centering influence onyoung birds, helping them become acclimated to their new regionand with their development ofcritical social behavior before their release.He regularly charges turkey vultures outside of the pen feeding, showing the condors stature in the feeding order.

He will eventually return to captivity to help contribute to the health and vitality of the overall flock as part of the captive breeding program after his stint in Northern California, said Williams-Claussen.

# # #

Poy-we-son and Nes-kwe-chokw spotted exploring their new home. Photo courtesy of the Northern California Condor Restoration Program|Image Details

Comprised of biologists and technicians from the Yurok Tribe and Redwood National Park, the Northern California Condor Restoration Program will collaboratively manage this flock from a newly constructed condor release and management facility in Northern California, near the Klamath River in Redwoods National and State Park.

The return of the condors to the skies over the Redwoods represents a significant milestone in the restoration of this magnificent forest to its former glory, remarked Redwood National and State Park SuperintendentSteve Mietz. This project is a model for listening to and following the lead of the parks original stewards, healing both our relationship with the land and its original people.

With the release of these birds, the Northern California Condor Restoration Program team officially joins the larger California Condor Recovery Program led by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. The recovery efforts include three additional release sites in California, one in Arizona and one in Baja Mexico. Each release site is championed by a partner in condor recovery.

The reintroduction of condors into Northern California is truly a monumental moment, saidPaul Souza, Regional Director for U.S. Fish and Wildlife Services Pacific Southwest Region. This effort builds upon the programs collective knowledge and history of releasing condors and showcases the benefit of partnering with tribes and others to implement recovery of listed species. We are proud to support this collaborative and innovative partnership with the Yurok Tribe and Redwood National Park. Together we can recover listed species for future generations.

PREY-GO-NEESH KEECH KE-ME-YEHL CONDORS HAVE COME HOME.The Yurok Tribe

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BETTER KNOW A PREY-GO-NEESH: Up Close and Personal With Your New Condor Neighbors - Lost Coast Outpost

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In early June, three 2-year-old lion cub siblings were permanently relocated from the Pittsburgh Zoo to the Alabama Gulf Coast Zoo.

Adjusting to a new home is a feat for anyone, including the three young predators, Chadwick, Regina and Daniel.

Staff members at the zoo in Gulf Shores, Ala., worked hard to prepare for the cubs arrival. They made sure to have a pool in the cats enclosure to help battle the Southern heat.

They were much fluffier when they first got here, Ashlyn Kenwright, one of the zookeepers who interact with the cubs daily, said in mid-July. They quickly shed a ton to try to cool off naturally.

The keepers use other methods to keep the lions cool, such as freezing blocks of blood and giving them to the cats to enjoy like a carnivorous Popsicle.

Its something that they would lie down to eat, said Joel Hamilton, Alabama Gulf Coast Zoo director. They hold the block with their front paws and the ice cools down their arms as their internal temperature lowers with the intake of the cool moisture.

Introductions between the cubs and their keepers were a slow process. They started by helping the cubs get used to the keepers scents. This entailed the keepers entering the feeding building while the cubs were in another room.

In the beginning, doors leading from the feeding room to inside the enclosure were left open so the cats could leave if they felt uncomfortable. That slowly transitioned to the keepers being able to feed the cats inside and clean their enclosure while the cubs ate.

This is the first time that weve taken care of cubs that werent born in our zoo, said Caitland Dallas, another zookeeper who helps care for the lions. This was a new experience for us and the cats. The secret to most cats is not through their hearts, but their stomachs. Once they realized that we usually show up with food, they decided to let us stick around.

The three cubs are closely bonded with each other, especially Chadwick, who calls for his siblings when he cant see them. This usually only happens during feeding time. Sometimes the cat lets his nerves get the best of him and he can only eat a few pounds of meat before he begins to miss his brother and sister.

Keepers have been giving him a smaller diet with the hopes that his hunger will make him fully enter the feeding building, and he can learn that there is a full meal waiting for him there.

The Pittsburgh Zoo described Chad as a little insecure, said Kenwright. Were hoping that he gets more confident in his own skin. Their whole world just got changed, so he just needs a bit more time to get comfortable.

Chadwick was certainly at his brightest on a recent morning once his siblings came out from the feeding building. He bumped heads with Daniel encouraging his brother to play, and followed Regina as she investigated the milk bottle that Dallas gives them as a treat.

Dairy in large amounts can upset a cats stomach, she said. But a small amount like this is a good treat that they enjoy and it helps them cool off.

After the cubs had their fill of the spray-bottle milk, they cuddled in a pile for a nap.

The heat never stops them from sleeping on top of each other, said Kenwright. They could sleep a few feet apart and be much cooler, but they just want to be as close as possible.

The Alabama Gulf Coast Zoo looks to become a bigger part in breeding programs for lions in the Zoological Association of America. Director Hamilton took in the cubs hoping to find a cage mate for the zoos other female lion, Nandi.

African lions were officially put on the vulnerable species list in 2020. In response, ZAA has communicated with zoos around the country to help increase healthy breeding.

For lions to be bred, their family trees need to be mapped to avoid any inbreeding. Each zoo that would like to participate in the program must have their lions genetics mapped.

The whole point is to have a science- based breeding program, where animals are sent or received is all based on genetics, Hamilton said. Looking at who should be paired with who to keep genetic vigor going for several generations is all based on their family trees.

Once the cubs get a bit more settled, the zoo staff will begin the introduction process between Nandi and the male cubs. If she takes a liking to one, their breeding will help bolster the lion population.

Hamilton hopes there will be a successful mating and an opportunity to send the possible cubs to a zoo with eligible mates. With the widespread work of zoos across America, the African lion population will have a chance to increase so that the species is no longer considered vulnerable.

Hayley Daugherty is a contributing writer.

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From the 'Burgh to the Gulf: Lions relocated in zoo breeding program - TribLIVE

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Introduction

More than 47% of less than five-year-old deaths globally occur in the neonatal period, resulting in 2.4 million deaths yearly.1 Most of these deaths usually occur in low-income countries, and almost one million deaths are attributed to infectious causes, including neonatal sepsis, meningitis, and pneumonia.1,2 On the other hand, the survivors of neonatal sepsis are vulnerable to short- and long-term neurodevelopmental morbidity.3

Pathophysiology of neonatal sepsis relies on the innate immunity of neonates as their adaptive immune response is not fully developed. A more rigorous evaluation of the possible association between genetic signatures and neonatal sepsis is critical. The related neonatal innate and adaptive immune responses showed impairment of some aspects of innate immunity to bacterial infection, particularly in low-birth-weight infants.46

The recently recognized family of non-coding RNAs, long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs; >200 nucleotides), has been implicated in several biological processes, including innate immunity.7 The lncRNA Metastasis Associated Lung Adenocarcinoma Transcript 1 (MALAT1) upregulation has demonstrated an independent predictive value as a biomarker for diagnosis, severity, and poor prognosis in adults with sepsis.8,9 Also, the antisense non-coding RNA in the INK4 locus (ANRIL) was implicated in regulating inflammation in rats with uric acid nephropathy,10 and the pro-inflammatory genes, including IL6 and IL8, in human endothelial cells under the control of the nuclear factor-B.11 Gui et al have identified its clinical utility as a biomarker of severity, inflammation, and prognosis in adult sepsis patients.12 Lastly, the lncRNA HOX Transcript Antisense RNA (HOTAIR) was observed to promote sepsis progression by regulating interleukin-6 receptor expression via microRNA-211 in a septic rat model.13 Additionally, it was reported to play a vital role in sepsis-induced acute kidney injury via regulating apoptosis.14,15

Although dysregulated expression of the lncRNAs mentioned above was associated with sepsis etiopathology in adults, no studies have explored their potential clinical utility as diagnostic and/or prognostic biomarkers in neonatal sepsis.16 To this end, the authors were inspired to explore the potential clinical utility of the lncRNAs MALAT1, ANRIL, and HOTAIR in a sample of neonatal sepsis to confirm their rules in this devastating disorder. The results of this work could help in risk stratification for this vulnerable group of population and provide preliminary data for future molecular targeted therapy.

A total of 124 neonates with sepsis (93 early-onset and 31 late-onset sepsis) and 17 healthy controls were enrolled in the current study after taking informed consent from all their parents or legal guardians. Cohorts were recruited from Suez Canal University Hospital, Egypt, between December 2018 and November 2019. Age enrollment starts from the day of life (DOL) 1 at delivery till DOL 7 of suspected neonates with any manifestations that enable physicians to diagnose neonatal sepsis. Neonates 28 weeks gestational age confirmed by New Ballard Score,17 of both sex diagnosed with sepsis (defined as bacteremia presented clinically with dysregulation of response to infection in the first four weeks of life),18 or suspected neonatal sepsis (defined as neonates who are delivered to a mother with risk factors for sepsis, including premature rupture of membrane (PROM) >18 hours, urinary tract infection, genital infections, fever, leukocytosis or chorioamnionitis),19 were enrolled. In addition, neonates presented with clinical indicators (ie, observations and events in the baby) of possible/suspected neonatal sepsis/infection, including red flag clinical indicators and other National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) guidelines-related clinical indicators, were recruited.20 Exclusion criteria included newborns with gestational age <28 weeks, gross congenital malformation/genetic syndromes, history of perinatal hypoxia, hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy, maternal drug abuse, or maternal viral hepatitis. The study was executed following the Declaration of Helsinki guidelines and approved by the Ethics Committee of the Faculty of Medicine, Suez Canal University (approval no. 4463).

Early clinical diagnosis of neonatal sepsis is still highly suspected due to the lack of specific signs and symptoms as they are shared with various other neonatal diseases. Blood culture is the gold standard of lab diagnosis but has certain limitations, which delay early identification. Routinely, 713% of neonates are treated empirically for suspected sepsis because of these diagnostic limitations. In this sense, we included all neonates with sepsis, either diagnosed with +ve blood cultures or ve results.6,21

Prenatal maternal history was examined for maternal risk factors such as premature rupture of membrane, maternal diabetes, anemia, hypertension, pre-eclampsia, urinary tract infection, or triple I (intrauterine inflammation, infection, or both). Detailed obstetric history on the mode of delivery, weight at birth, antepartum hemorrhage, maternal antibiotics, or intrapartum fever were obtained. Putative neonatal risk factors were evaluated as preterm, intrauterine growth retardation, receiving total parental nutrition, mechanical ventilation, umbilical venous catheterization and other invasive procedures such as a urinary catheter, chest tubes, or long lines. Symptoms in neonatal sepsis are unspecific, as many non-infected neonates display similar symptoms. There is no single-point assessment of clinical signs to diagnose sepsis; hence, our clinical examination included the following: (1) gestational age assessment, weight, and sex of the full-term neonates, (2) general and systemic examination, including (a) the respiratory system: tachypnea, apnea, increased ventilator support, and oxygen desaturation, (b) the cardiovascular system: bradycardia, pallor, hypotension, persistent pulmonary hypertension (PPHN) and decreased perfusion, (c) metabolic changes: hypothermia, hyperthermia, glucose instability, metabolic acidosis, (d) gastrointestinal system: poor feeding, vomiting, diarrhea, jaundice, feeding intolerance, abdominal distension, and ileus (e) neurologic changes: lethargy, hypotonia, decreased activity, and seizures, (f) hematological: disseminated intravascular coagulopathy, purpura, petechiae, and bleeding.

Qualified nurses collected 5 milliliters of blood on several occasions (ie, not at one time) from a peripheral vein under an aseptic condition from the enrolled neonates upon admission for routine hematological, chemistry, immunological assessment, blood culture, and genetic analysis. Tubes for genetic analysis (1 mL on EDTA tubes) were transferred immediately to the genetic lab within 20 min to be centrifuged with separation of the buffy coat in sterile Eppendorf for the subsequent genetic analysis. Post-treatment samples were withdrawn three days after starting antibiotics (as post-treatment samples) for 43 neonates (only the available samples for comparison).

As blood culture is the gold standard to define neonatal sepsis, a blood culture sample (0.51 mL) taken from a normally sterile site under aseptic measures was taken in pediatric oxoid blood culture bottles and sent to the microbiology lab for cultivation. Blood culture time to positivity (TTP) or turn-around time technique was used. The blood cultures were incubated aerobically at 37C and observed daily for the first three days to identify any visible microbial growth (turbidity). A preliminary report of findings is available within 48 hours. However, even in the absence of turbidity, the blood was subcultured up to the seventh day, and the report depends on the growth result rather than the observation of the bottles. The final report is released after 57 days accordingly.

Extraction of total RNA from the buffy coat separated from the whole blood was carried out using PureLink RNA Mini Kit (Qiagen, Catalog no. 217184) according to the manufacturers instructions. RNA concentration and purity were assessed via NanoDrop ND-1000 spectrophotometer (NanoDrop Tech., Inc. Wilmington, DE, USA). Samples with a 260/280 nm absorbance ratio <1.8 were excluded. RNA was converted to complementary/copy DNA (cDNA) using the high-capacity cDNA Reverse Transcription (RT) Kit (Applied Biosystems, USA), as described in our previous work.22 The RT reactions were carried out in a Mastercycler Gradient Thermocycler (Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany) at 25C for 10 min, 37C for 120 min, and 85C for 5 min, then held at 4C. No template and no enzyme samples as negative controls were included in each run. Gene expression of MALAT1, ANRIL, and HOTAIR compared to GAPDH was performed using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) following the Minimum Information for Publication of Quantitative Real-Time PCR Experiments (MIQE) guidelines.23 The PCR reactions were carried out in duplicate with a final volume of 20 L, including 1 L TaqMan assays (Hs00273907_s1, Hs03300540_m1, Hs05502358_s1, and Hs02786624_g1) that include the pre-designed primer and probe set (Thermo Fisher Scientific) for MALAT1, ANRIL, HOTAIR, and GAPDH, respectively, diluted in RNAse-free water, 1.33 L RT product, and 2 TaqMan Universal PCR Master Mix (Applied Biosystems, Waltham, MA, USA) following the previously described protocols.24 The fold change of the studied lncRNA expressions in each case with sepsis relative to the healthy controls was calculated via the Livak and Schmittgen method based on the quantitative cycle (Cq) value (2Cq); where Cq = (Cq lncRNA Cq GAPDH) sepsis cases (Cq lncRNA Cq GAPDH) healthy neonates.25

Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) for Windows software (version 27.0; IBM SPSS Statistics, USA) and GraphPad Prism 9.1.2 software were used for data analysis. Data were presented as the median and interquartile range or frequency and percentage. Chi-square (2), Fishers exact, and MannWhitney U (MW) tests were used. Spearman correlation analysis was carried out to assess lncRNAs co-expression. Cox proportional regression analysis was performed to identify independent predictor risk factors for mortality. Hazard ratio (HR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) were reported. Statistical significance was set at a p-value<0.05. Heatmap, hierarchical clustering, box plots, and correlation matrix were generated using reshape2, scales, RColorBrewer, gplots, psych, factoextra, FactoMineR, and ggpubr R package.

The current study included 124 neonates with sepsis (93 early-onset and 31 late-onset sepsis). Two-thirds of them (65.3%) were males, and in-hospital mortality was reported in 29%. Table 1 demonstrates a comparison between 88 survivors of neonates with sepsis and 36 non-survivors. The non-survivors were more likely to be delivered by cesarean section (66.7% vs 46.6%, p=0.049), preterm (63.9% vs 34.1, p=0.002), with inserted umbilical venous catheter (44.4% vs 9.1%, p<0.001). Higher prevalence of deceased neonates presented with hypoxia (86.1% vs 65.9%, p=0.027) and respiratory distress syndrome (55.6% vs 30.7%, p=0.014). Mothers were more likely to have premature rupture of membranes (52.8% vs 28.4%, p=0.010), pre-eclampsia (13.9% vs 0%, p<0.001), and received amoxicillin (27.8% vs 8.0%, p=0.003). Higher frequency of non-survivors neonates required ventilation (63.9% vs 29.5%, p<0.001) and surfactant therapy (33.3% vs 10.2%, p=0.001). Non-survivors neonates were more likely to develop complications (75% vs 13.6%, p<0.001), such as pulmonary hemorrhage (16.7% vs 0%, p<0.001), air leak syndrome and pneumothorax (19.4% vs 3.4%, p=0.002), respiratory failure (22.2% vs 1.1%, p<0.001), necrotizing enterocolitis (11.1% vs 0%, p=0.002), and multiple organ failure (22.2% vs 0%, p<0.001).

Table 1 Characteristics of Sepsis Patients According to Survival

Compared to normal neonates, the three tested lncRNAs expression signatures were upregulated in the circulation of neonates presented with sepsis. Their median levels were as follows: median = 1.71, IQR: 0.5 to 3.27 for MALAT1, median = 1.09, IQR: 0.89 to 1.30 for ANRIL, and median = 1.83, IQR: 1.44 to 2.41 for HOTAIR (Figure 1A). Co-expression analysis showed a direct correlation between the three lncRNAs ranged from weak (r = 0.37) to moderate (r = 0.42 and 0.61) correlations (all p-values <0.001) (Figure 1B). Hierarchical cluster analysis classified patients into two clusters: the first cluster was characterized by high expression of all lncRNAs, and almost all patients died, while the second cluster, including those who survived, exhibited downregulation of at least one of the markers (Figure 1C). On comparison of gene expression levels of the studied lncRNAs pre- and post (three days)-treatment after initiating the antibiotic therapy, there was no observed significant change in their expression signature (Figure S1).

Figure 1 The expression level of long non-coding RNAs in plasma of neonatal sepsis compared to normal neonates. (A) Box plot for fold change (log-transformed). All the three studied lncRNAs were upregulated in neonates with sepsis relative to controls. Mann-Whitney U-test was used. Cases are plotted compared to controls (set at zero line). All p-values were <0.001. (B) LncRNAs co-expression analysis. A direct correlation between the three studied lncRNAs was identified. The correlation coefficient (r) text color aligns with the degree of correlation. Spearman correlation analysis was employed. All p-values were <0.001. (C) Heatmap showing expression pattern in patients. Ward.D2 method and Euclidean distance measure were utilized. Hierarchical cluster analysis categorized cases into two distinct clusters: high expressors of all lncRNAs and those who exhibited downregulation of at least one of the studied lncRNAs.

The transcriptomic pattern of MALAT1 (p=0.93), ANRIL (p=0.69), and HOTAIR (p=0.98) did not show a significant difference between early-onset and late-onset sepsis groups. However, overall and stratification by sex revealed significantly higher levels of the three lncRNAs in deceased neonates compared to the survivor group (all p-values <0.001) (Figure 2AC). Analysis of the association of the three studied lncRNAs with other comorbidities in the study groups is presented in Table S1. Running a principal component analysis showed a clear demarcation between the two groups of cohorts in males and females (Figure 3A).

Figure 2 Association of long non-coding RNA expression with survival and gestational age in neonates with sepsis. (AC) Boxplots comparing non-survivors and survivors groups. Higher levels of the three lncRNAs in non-survivor neonates compared to the survivor group were observed. (D) The association between gestational age in neonates with sepsis and survival. Fold change was estimated using the formula of delta Cq = (Cq lncRNA Cq GAPDH) sepsis cases (Cq lncRNA Cq GAPDH) healthy neonates. The median and interquartile range are shown to the left of the corresponding boxplots. Mann-Whitney U-test was applied.

Figure 3 Multivariate analysis for predicting mortality. (A) Principal component analysis for data exploration showing clear demarcation between survivor and deceased infants based on the three lncRNAs. The expression levels of the three lncRNAs, demonstrated by the direction of their corresponding arrows, were pointing towards the cluster of the Died group. In contrast, the gestational age (GA) arrow pointed towards the Alive group, indicating that the higher the GA, the better survival. The length of the arrows indicates the weight of the variables. All points (round and triangle) represent each study subject and are of equal size. A large circle and triangle represent the centroid of the cluster. (B) Cox hazard proportional regression analysis was performed. Data are represented as hazard ratio (HR) and 95% Confidence intervals (CI). Non-survivor neonates were significantly more likely to be males and have upregulated circulating ANRIL and HOTAIR levels. Significant data with p-values less than 0.05 are red.

Abbreviations: LBWB, low birth-weight baby; ARDS, acute respiratory distress syndrome; PROM, Premature rupture of membrane.

As depicted in Figure 3B, Cox regression analysis revealed that non-survivor neonates were more likely to be male (HR = 6.43, 95% CI = 1.3115.7, p = 0.022) and presented with early-onset sepsis (HR = 4.18, 95% CI = 1.0511.6, p = 0.043). Cohorts with upregulated ANRIL (HR = 4.21, 95% CI = 1.1510.4, p=0.030) and HOTAIR (HR = 2.49, 95% CI = 1.026.05, p = 0.044) were at higher risk of mortality. On the contrary, higher gestational age, more than 33.5 weeks, were less likely to die (HR = 0.79, 95% CI = 0.640.96, p=0.020), and those who received surfactant therapy conferred protection (HR = 0.21, 95% CI = 0.060.76, p=0.017).

Neonatal sepsis contributes to global neonatal morbidity and mortality worldwide, with a higher burden, in particular, in low- and middle-income countries.26 The current study included 124 neonates with sepsis, two-thirds of them were males, and the non-survivor neonates were more likely to be male, as revealed by Cox regression analysis. This male predominance aligns with previous studies that revealed that females have a less exaggerated immune reaction to pathogens than males due to hormonal and genetic/epigenetic modifiers contributing to the observed immunological and survival rate differences.27,28 Also, Cox regression analysis revealed that non-survivor neonates were more likely to be presented with early-onset sepsis. This finding is congruent with recent Fleischmann et als meta-nalysis conclusion that in the overall time frame, estimated incidence and mortality was higher in early-onset than late-onset neonatal sepsis cases based on 26 studies from fourteen countries.26

In comparison between 88 survivors of neonates with sepsis and 36 non-survivors, the non-survivors were more likely to be delivered by cesarean section, preterm, and have a history of an inserted umbilical venous catheter. Their mothers were more likely to have premature rupture of membranes, pre-eclampsia, and received amoxicillin. Also, non-survivor neonates were more likely to develop complications such as pulmonary hemorrhage, air leak syndrome and pneumothorax, respiratory failure, necrotizing enterocolitis, and multiple organ failure as expected.

On exploring the association of the tested inflammation-related lncRNAs expression signature with neonatal sepsis and outcome, our results demonstrated that the three lncRNAs, MALAT1, ANRIL, and HOTAIR, were markedly increased in the plasma of cases with neonatal sepsis compared to healthy neonates. On correlating the expression signatures of the studied lncRNAs to the clinical features and outcome of the neonatal cases, we found significantly higher levels of the three lncRNAs in deceased neonates than in the survivor group. Furthermore, the cohorts with upregulated ANRIL and HOTAIR were at higher risk of mortality, as revealed by Cox regression analysis.

Given the high blood stability and detection sensitivity of lncRNAs in plasma compared with several traditional protein biomarkers,29 circulating lncRNAs show promising roles as adjunct diagnostic/prognostic epigenetic biomarkers in several disorders, including inflammatory conditions.3032 In the last years, the circulatory MALAT1 expression profile was screened mainly in adults with sepsis. Pellegrina et al identified that deregulated MALAT1 expression might contribute to gene expression changes associated with the poorer outcome of elderly patients with sepsis.33 In the present study, the expression signature of this lncRNA is uncovered for the first time in neonatal sepsis. Our finding could be supported by the vital role MALAT1 plays in regulating the lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammatory response via its interaction with nuclear factor (NF)-kappa B.34 It was also implicated in regulating the hyperglycemia-induced inflammatory process.35 Recent findings by Liu et al, in addition, confirm the substantial value of MALAT1 as part of the MALAT1/miR-125 axis in discriminating adult sepsis cases from a healthy population and demonstrate a significant correlation with disease severity, organ injury, and inflammation level.36

Several in vivo and in vitro studies suggested that ANRIL might mediate the inflammatory and immune responses associated with various diseases, including sepsis.10,12,37,38 In line with our findings, recently, Gui et al found overexpression of ANRIL in plasma of non-survivor patients with sepsis than survivors, and the accumulating survival was worse in patients with ANRIL high expression. They proposed that this action could be mediated via enhancing multiple signaling pathways, such as increasing NLRP3 (NOD-, LRR- and pyrin domain-containing protein 3) inflammasome by regulating the miR-122-5p/BRCC3 (BRCA1/BRCA2-Containing Complex Subunit 3) axis.12

The lncRNA HOTAIR was upregulated and associated with neonatal survival in the present cohort. This finding aligns with the previous experimental studies that revealed the implication of HOTAIR in sepsis progression and outcomes.14,15 Through acting as a microRNA-211 sponge with subsequent interleukin-6 receptor induction, HOTAIR has been found to promote inflammation response, inhibit monocyte proliferation and induce monocyte apoptosis in the mice model of sepsis.13 Furthermore, Shen et al showed that HOTAIR could promote cell apoptosis via the microRNA-22/high mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) pathway in vivo and in vitro.15

Although this study is the first, up to the authors knowledge, to explore the implication of the studied lncRNAs in neonatal sepsis, some limitations should be considered. First, the relatively limited sample size, in particular, the healthy control group; Second, the short follow-up duration of hospitalized neonates and absence of testing multiple samples to unravel the stability of the studied lncRNAs in the blood along the progression of the disease. Third, the exploratory nature of the present study lacks explaining the molecular mechanisms by which the studied lncRNAs increase the risk of sepsis or are associated with poor prognosis/survival. Fourth, the specificity of the studied lncRNAs for other neonatal pathological entities is questionable. In this sense, further future studies in large-scale cohorts with long outcome evaluations and molecular experiments are required to unravel the biological significance of these lncRNAs and their potential target genes in neonatal sepsis and the precise underlying molecular mechanisms. Furthermore, replication studies in other neonatal pathological entities, and including pathological controls with multiple sample testing during the disease progress, are recommended to validate the studied lncRNAs specificity in neonatal sepsis.

The present results show upregulation of circulatory lncRNA MALAT1, ANRIL, and HOTAIR in neonatal sepsis compared to healthy neonates. The lncRNAs ANRIL and HOTAIR may have potential prognostic utility as biomarkers for survival in neonatal sepsis.

All data generated or analyzed during this study are included in this submitted article.

The study was conducted according to the guidelines of the Declaration of Helsinki and approved by the Ethics Committee of the Faculty of Medicine, Suez Canal University (approval no. 4463). Informed consent was obtained from all included neonates parents or legal guardians before participating in the study.

The authors thank all the parents who agreed to let their infants join the study.

This research received no external funding.

The authors declare no conflicts of interest in relation to this work.

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What are these dreaded mites, why are they so feared and now that theyre here, possibly to stay, how can beekeepers deal with them?

Varroa destructor (and related species)are parasites of the eastern honey bee, Apis cerana. Their long-standing relationship means Apis cerana has evolved a number of defences against varroa, but during the 20th century, on at least two occasions, the Varroa destructor mite switched hosts to the economically important and more familiar western honey bee, Apis mellifera. Humanitys love of honey and dependence on the western honey bee for crop pollination means theyve spread to six continents. And following close behind are the varroa mites. Some territories, especially islands such as Hawaii and New Zealand, avoided the mite for some time, leaving Australia as the only country without varroa. Until now.

The impressive parasitising ability of varroa comes from the two main components to its life cycle reproduction and dispersal. The varroa sex life is pretty wild it features a lot of incest and a communal faecal pile but the important thing is that a single female mite, known as a foundress, can produce an impressive number of offspring. And over a few short generations that single mite can propagate into thousands.

Varroa mites feed on the fat stores of developing larvae and pupae of the honey bees. In doing so they rob the developing bee of energy stores, while also serving as a vector for damaging viruses such as deformed wing virus and acute bee paralysis virus.

Varroa mites feed on the fat stores of developing larvae and pupae of the honey bees. In doing so they rob the developing bee of energy stores, while also serving as a vector for damaging viruses

As Apis mellifera has not evolved defences to varroa, or the viruses they carry, the colony can be overwhelmed, both by the mites feeding and the viruses they carry, leading to sick bees and a collapse of the colonys population. Unfortunately, the death of the resident bees often spells trouble for other nearby colonies, as they come to rob the failing colony of the precious honey stores and pick up waiting varroa mites at the same time. This dispersal phase is just one way the mites can spread, as they can hitch a ride from colony to colony on the male drone bees, or through hopping from one foraging worker bee to another on flowers.

The experience of beekeepers in New Zealand gives an indication of what the introduction of varroa can do to the honey bee population. Losses of feral colonies were estimated at 90% in the first few years of the incursion, and 2021 figures compiled for the Ministry of Primary Industries showed annual managed colony losses at around 13%, with the losses directly attributed to varroa growing annually. And beekeepers have to do a lot of work to keep losses this low.

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The challenges posed by the mites has necessitated the development of a number of chemical treatments. Organophosphorus and organofluorine compounds such as coumaphos and fluvalinate were commonly used as miticides, and they were initially very successful treatments. These molecules are highly fat soluble, and over time they accumulate in the wax that forms the structural matrix of the colony. The low-level persistence of these treatments in the colony has provided the opportunity for the rapidly reproducing varroa mites to evolve resistance. The miticides are also retained in the processed wax, contaminating downstream products such as cosmetics, food-wraps, candles and more. The miticides can also be spread to untreated colonies, as beeswax is commonly recycled as foundation hexagonally patterned sheets that are used inside other hives as a template for honeycomb production. Another synthetic miticide called Amitraz remains in common use, but resistance is also on the rise.

Many beekeepers want to keep bees as naturally as possible, and a number of bio-related miticide treatments such as thymol (found in many herbs) and beta hop acids (from hops used in brewing beer) have been developed. These compounds are appealing as they have known botanical sources, and established breakdown pathways in the environment. Beekeepers are also treating for varroa using small organic acids found in nature. Formic acid most associated with ant bites is quite volatile and can kill varroa mites on developing brood. The volatility of formic acid means it must be used within strict temperature ranges, and it can have a negative impact on queen bees, frequently leading to their replacement by the colony. Oxalic acid commonly associated with rhubarb and other plants is a less volatile option that can be applied in a sugar solution, or through a specialised piece of equipment that sublimes the solid acid to a gas at temperatures above 157C. The mechanism of action for these organic acids is thought to involve pH changes inside of the mite, which is considered less likely to promote resistance.

These treatments add to the cost and effort of beekeeping, and are not without safety hazards. Organophosphates are well-known neurotoxins, while the volatile formic acid and sublimed oxalic acid are hazardous to the skin, eyes and lungs and require specialised respirators for their safe use. At the time of writing only two chemical treatments for varroa have been approved by the Australian Pesticides and Veterinary Medicines Authority amitraz and thymol. One would hope that the current emergency will expedite the approval of other treatments so they are (legally) available to beekeepers for the upcoming season.

While chemical treatments can offset the worst of varroa in managed colonies, they are not a long-term solution. The best outcome is for Apis melifera to evolve to deal with the mite and its associated viruses. The devastation experienced by feral colonies has provided an extreme selection pressure for these colonies to evolve resistance. Commercially and backyard managed colonies are not under the same evolutionary selective pressures, and are often bred for gentle behaviour and honey production. So, the unintended consequence of the interventional chemical treatments is the perpetuation of poor varroa-resistant honey bee genetics in the environment.

Three main behaviours have been observed in varroa-resistant colonies. The first is grooming, where adult bees physically damage or kill varroa, preventing a foundress mite infesting a new larval cell. Bees with this trait can even request to be groomed by another worker by performing a long vibrating dance. The second is hygienic behaviour, where bees can detect diseased or dead young in their cells, and the third is varroa sensitive hygienic behaviour, where the bees are able to distinguish brood infested with multiple female mites or those with high numbers of viruses and uncap their cell. Foundress mites only carry a limited number of sperm, so if the bees can break their reproductive cycle they can limit their proliferation.

Beekeepers who are actively breeding for varroa resistant traits have had mixed success. A study in Sweden found that only 7% of colonies of an isolated population survived without treatment, but with the potentially negative consequence of significant inbreeding. And attempts to breed varroa resistance in commercial colonies is made difficult by the mating habits of queen bees as they fly long distances and mate with multiple drones from uncontrolled or genetically undesirable colonies. The heritability of certain honey bee traits are strongly linked to the drone colony genetics, making it more difficult to select for desirable traits without controlling both the queen and the drone genetics.

The best outcome is for Apis melifera to evolve to deal with the mite and its associated viruses.

Commercial beekeeper and entomologist Randy Oliver has publicly shared his own experiences through his website and online presentations, and annually takes some 1,500 colonies through selection trials for mite resistance. His own success rate of less than 1% at the beginning of his trials in 2017 has steadily increased towards 20% through annual selective breeding. It should be noted that this selective breeding doesnt mean that poorly performing colonies are left to wither and die. The weak colonies can be combined with resistant colonies, or requeened with more favourable genetics, helping the beekeeper to maintain their stock and continue to seek a profit through honey production or pollination contracts.

Regardless of whether the current outbreak is contained, varroa mites are coming. Australian beekeepers need to be ready to rapidly adjust the ways they look after their hives. Fortunately, they have available the scientific tools of chemistry in the short term, and the evolutionary biology for the long-term survival of their bees.

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Varroa and the threat of bee decimation has now arrived. What have we learned from other nations' - Cosmos

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In short, stem cells initiate the production of new tissue cells, which can then replace their diseased counterparts.

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are adult stem cells found in many areas of the body such as bone marrow. The unique thing about these cells is their compatibility with a range of tissues such as bone, cartilage, muscle, or fat. MSCs respond to injury or disease by migrating to these damaged areas, where they restore tissue function by replacing the damaged cells.

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It has recently been shown that the success of MSCs relies on their ability to release cell signals their mechanism to initiate tissue regeneration. These signals are packaged into extracellular vehicles (EVs) which are essentially bubbles of information. These are released by MSCs and taken up by the injured or diseased tissue cells to kickstart their inbuilt process of regeneration.

Through funding from the Royal Society of Edinburgh, research has started into the development of artificial EVs as a viable alternative to cell therapy. These EVs will contain the key molecules released by stem cells when they are responding to injury cues in the body.

The power to induce tissue regeneration would provide a significant new tool in biomedical treatment, such as incorporating EVs into synthetic hydrogels within a wound dressing to encourage and accelerate healing.

Within the lab setting, we have been able to manipulate stem cell cultures to produce EVs with different signal make-ups, and accurately identify their properties.

Controlling and identifying the different make-ups contained in EV signals which in turn induce different cell responses is crucial if we want to operationalise their use in medicine.

We now aim to synthesise artificial vesicles, or bubbles, for different clinical problems, such as, for example, bubbles with potent wound-healing properties that would help our ability to use new artificial stem cell therapy.

The research is underway and it is showing promise that we may be able to harness the regenerative power of stem cells in the near future.

An artificial EV-based approach also has several advantages over stem cell-based therapies, such as having increased potency and greater consistency in treatment, and at a lower cost to carry out.

Both inside and on the surface of the body, we would have the ability to induce a process vital to medical treatment we work with every day and, in turn, open a whole new avenue of possibilities in biomedical science.

Dr Catherine Berry is a reader in the Centre for the Cellular Microenvironment at the University of Glasgow, and a recipient of the Royal Society of Edinburghs personal research fellowship in 2021. This article expresses her own views. The RSE is Scotland's national academy, bringing great minds together to contribute to the social, cultural and economic well-being of Scotland. Find out more at rse.org.uk and @RoyalSocEd.

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Stem cells: Could we gain the power to induce cell regeneration? Dr Catherine Berry - The Scotsman

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The stock price of Verb Technology Company Inc (VERB) an innovative nutraceutical company and a pioneer in the field of stem cell nutrition increased by 15.07% today. Investors responded positively to Stemtech Corporation announcing that Stemtech has adopted a suite of sales enablement software solutions, developed by Verb Technology Company, including verbCRM, VERBs white-labeled interactive video-based customer relationship management application, and verbLIVE, VERBs interactive livestream eCommerce and shoppable video and webinar application, for use in direct selling and customer and prospect communications by its network of Independent Business Partners (IBPs).

Stemtech specializes in creating products and formulas that are patent protected in the U.S. and international markets. And its patented formulas help the release, circulation and migration of the bodys adult stem cells from its bone marrow. The products are all-natural, plant-based, and manufactured under cGMP (Current Good Manufacturing Practices) under the auspices of the Dietary Supplemental Health and Education Act (DSHEA). Stemtechs primary marketing and distribution channel are through a direct sales structure, which offers supplemental and residual income-earning potential to IBPs.

VERB is the leader in interactive video-based sales enablement applications, including interactive livestream eCommerce and shoppable video, webinar, CRM, and marketing applications for enterprises and entrepreneurs., verbCRM, VERBs interactive video-based customer relationship and content management system, will be used as a selling tool by Stemtechs IBPs in marketing its products, acquiring new customers, and strengthening existing customer relationships. And the platform allows users to easily manage, share directly with customers and prospects and through social media, and track interactive content, such as product literature and media, demo videos, and personalized videos.

Plus it provides interaction analytics so IBPs can determine which content is resonating with their prospects and assess overall customer engagement and campaign effectiveness. And this enables IBPs to focus their time and energy more effectively on high-probability sales prospects who have shown interest, thereby increasing their sales conversion rates.

Stemtechs verbCRM implementation also includes VERBs Business Tiles feature, which integrates verbCRM directly into Stemtechs back-office systems, allowing IBPs access to key reports and metrics relevant to improving their business-building efforts natively on the verbCRM app. And verbLIVE, VERBs powerful interactive livestream e-commerce application, will be used by IBPs to engage directly with customers and prospects during live video sessions that allow viewers to quickly buy, receive additional product information, set up appointments, and access other customizable interactive features through clickable in-video buttons.

KEY QUOTES:

We are dedicated to supporting and empowering Stemtechs expansive network of Independent Business Partners by equipping them with the most current and best-in-class digital technology sales tools available. With VERBs sales enablement applications, our IBPs will be able to capitalize on our social media assets and content and more effectively engage with customers and prospects via livestream video to bolster our customer acquisition efforts and increase sales conversion rates.

John Meyer, President and COO of Stemtech

Our select Field IBPs who have been beta testing the new mobile app Stemtech Advance Office, powered by VERB, has been very successful and we are all most excited to launch shortly.

Stemtechs Vice President of Global Performance Sandra Kazickaite

We are thrilled to include Stemtech among the forward-thinking companies that have embraced VERBs interactive video and livestreaming technology to grow sales. VERB has developed a suite of easy-to-use products that create a friction-free, fun, social, and video-based sales experience to enhance customer engagement, while providing real-time viewer engagement analytics for more effective follow-ups that drive sales conversion rates. We are proud to be Stemtechs technology partner to help empower its Independent Business Partners with industry-leading sales enablement tools.

Rory Cutaia, CEO of VERB

Disclaimer: This content is intended for informational purposes. Before making any investment, you should do your own analysis.

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Verb Technology (VERB) Stock: Why It Jumped Up 15.07% Today - Pulse 2.0

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The new report by Expert Market Research titled, Global Stem Cell Banking Market Report and Forecast 2021-2026, gives an in-depth analysis of the globalstem cell banking market, assessing the market based on its segments like Service type, product type, utilisation, bank type, application, and major regions like Asia Pacific, Europe, North America, Middle East and Africa and Latin America. The report tracks the latest trends in the industry and studies their impact on the overall market. It also assesses the market dynamics, covering the key demand and price indicators, along with analysing the market based on the SWOT and Porters Five Forces models.

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The key highlights of the report include:

Market Overview (2021-2026)

The global stem cell bank market is primarily driven by the advancements in the field of medicine and the rising prevalence of genetic and degenerativediseases. Further, the increasing research and development of more effective technologies for better preservation, processing, and storage of stem cells are aiding the growth. Additionally, rising prevalence of chronic diseases globally is increasing the for advances inmedicaltechnologies, thus pushing the growth further. Moreover, factors such as rising health awareness, developinghealthcare infrastructure, growing geriatric population, and the inflatingdisposableincomes are expected to propel the market in the forecast period.

Industry Definition and Major Segments

Stem cells are undifferentiated cells present in bone marrow,umbilical cordadipose tissue and blood. They have the ability to of differentiate and regenerate. The process of storing and preserving these cells for various application such as gene therapy, regenerative medicine and tissue engineering is known as stem cell banking.

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By service type, the market is divided into:

Based on product type, the industry can be segmented into:

The market is bifurcated based on utilization into:

By bank type, the industry can be broadly categorized into:

Based on application, the industry can be segmented into:

On the basis of regional markets, the industry is divided into:

1 North America1.1 United States of America1.2 Canada2 Europe2.1 Germany2.2 United Kingdom2.3 France2.4 Italy2.5 Others3 Asia Pacific3.1 China3.2 Japan3.3 India3.4 ASEAN3.5 Others4 Latin America4.1 Brazil4.2 Argentina4.3 Mexico4.4 Others5 Middle East & Africa5.1 Saudi Arabia5.2 United Arab Emirates5.3 Nigeria5.4 South Africa5.5 Others

Market Trends

Regionally, North America is projected to dominate the global stem cell bank market and expand at a significant rate. This can be attributed to increasing research and development for stem cell application in various medical fields. Further, growing investments of pharmaceutical players and development infrastructure are other factors that are expected to stem cell bank market in the region. Meanwhile, Asia Pacific market is also expected to witness fast growth owing to the rapid development in healthcare facilities and increasing awareness of stem cell banking in countries such as China, India, and Indonesia.

Key Market Players

The major players in the market are Cryo-Cell International, Inc., Smart Cells International Ltd., CSG-BIO Company, Inc., CBR Systems Inc., ViaCord, LLC, LifeCell International Pvt. Ltd., and a few others. The report covers the market shares, capacities, plant turnarounds, expansions, investments and mergers and acquisitions, among other latest developments of these market players.

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Expert Market Research (EMR) is leading market research company with clients across the globe. Through comprehensive data collection and skilful analysis and interpretation of data, the company offers its clients extensive, latest and actionable market intelligence which enables them to make informed and intelligent decisions and strengthen their position in the market. The clientele ranges from Fortune 1000 companies to small and medium scale enterprises.

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Over 3000 EMR consultants and more than 100 analysts work very hard to ensure that clients get only the most updated, relevant, accurate and actionable industry intelligence so that they may formulate informed, effective and intelligent business strategies and ensure their leadership in the market.

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Global Stem Cell Banking Market To Be Driven At A CAGR Of 13.5% In The Forecast Period Of 2021-2026 This Is Ardee - This Is Ardee

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SINGAPORE - A Singaporean doctorwho is one of the top cell therapy experts in the worldhas been appointed to a World Health Organisation (WHO) expert panel.

Dr Mickey Koh is so sought-after in his field that for the past 15 years, he has been holding two jobs in two different countries.

The 56-year-old shuttles between England and Singapore, spending six weeks at a time in London, where he oversees the haematology department and looks after bone marrow transplant patients at St George's University Hospital, before returning to Singapore for a week and a half to head the cell therapy programme at the Health Sciences Authority.

Cell therapy is a growing field of medicine that uses living cells as treatment for a variety of diseases and conditions. This is an increasingly important therapeutic area and both his employers have agreed to his unusual schedule.

Over in London, Dr Koh is head of the Haematology Department at St George's Hospital and Medical School. In Singapore, he is the programme and medical director of the cell and gene therapy facility at the Health Sciences Authority.

In May, Dr Koh was selected to be on the WHO Expert Advisory Panel on Biological Standardisation.

Individuals on the panel have to be invited by WHO to apply, and are well recognised in their respective scientific fields. Eminent names on the panel include the current president of the Paul-Ehrlich-Institut in Germany, which is the country's federal agency, medical regulatory body and research institution for vaccines and biomedicine.

The WHO panel, which is made up of about 25 members, provides detailed recommendations and guidelines for the manufacturing, licensing and standardisation of biological products, which include blood, monoclonal antibodies, vaccines and, increasingly, cell-based therapeutics.

The recommendations and advice are passed on to the executive board of the World Health Assembly, which is the decision-making body of WHO.

Dr Koh's role had to be endorsed by the British government and was a direct appointment by the director-general of WHO.

His appointment as a panel expert will last for a term of four years.

Speaking to The Straits Times, Dr Koh shared his thoughts about the importance of regulation: "We are well aware that there is a very lucrative worldwide market peddling unproven stem cell treatments, where side effects are often unknown, and such unregulated practice can result in serious harm.

"This is already happening. People are claiming that you can use stem cells to treat things like ageing, and even very serious conditions like strokes, without any evidence."

With many medications now taking the form of biologics - a drug product derived from biological sources such as cells - the next wave of treatment would be the utilisation of these cells for the treatment of a wide range of diseases, Dr Koh said.

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S'porean doctor, a sought-after top expert in cell therapy, appointed to WHO expert panel - The Straits Times

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Presentation

A 17-year-old female presented to a dental school clinic with a chief complaint of a sudden, painless swelling of her gingivae (figures 1 and 2). She had previously gone to a local emergency room. There, her condition was dismissed as a lack of oral hygiene, and she was told to go to a dental provider. The patient had social concerns as she was being ridiculed at school for her condition. She was not pregnant and took no medications. The staff periodontist submitted a large tissue sample to a university pathology lab, and then he performed a gingivectomy on the swollen tissues (figure 3).

In two weeks, the patient returned for a follow-up appointment. The tissue had grown back almost to the original levels (figures 4 and 5). Note the intense red color of the maxillary gingivae.

At this follow-up, the biopsy report was available. Here is a quote from that report: The histomorphology when combined with the clinical presentation and positive staining with MPO and high proliferation index is highly suggestive of acute myeloid or promyelocytic leukemia. The patient should be quickly evaluated by hemo-oncology with this in mind.

Top causes of gingival enlargement and treatment options

Mysterious lesions, Lemonheads, extreme oral herpes, and more

An almost-vague radiodense lesion, mysterious mole, and a tongue top 5

The patient was referred to the University of Floridas Childrens Hospital, where she was treated and went into subsequent remission with chemotherapy. With a timely diagnosis and swift treatment, young people typically respond quickly and favorably. Treatment programs may include chemotherapy, radiation, stem-cell transplant, immunotherapy, or bone marrow transplant.

Myeloid leukemia involves the rapid growth of myeloid blood cells that build up in the bone marrow and prevent the normal production and maturation process. Promyelocytic leukemia is a more aggressive form of myeloid leukemia. In young individuals, these conditions are most often associated with several chromosomal abnormalities. Sudden gingival enlargement is not an uncommon symptom.1 It may occur in patients with non-Hodgkins lymphoma.2

Certain medications may initiate gingival hyperplasia. It is common in renal transplant patients who are treated with cyclosporine and a calcium channel blocker.3 Other medications such as carbamazepine, phenytoin, topiramate, and valproic acid are all possible triggering agents.4 Finally, certain immunosuppressants have the potential to trigger gingival hyperplasia.

Editors note:This article first appeared inThrough the Loupesnewsletter, a publication of the Endeavor Business Media Dental Group.Read more articlesandsubscribetoThrough the Loupes.

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Oral symptoms of systemic pathology in a 17-year-old female - DentistryIQ

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Market Overview

Thecell culture media marketis expected to cross USD 4.33 billion by 2027 at a CAGR of8.33%.

Market Dynamics

The markets growth is being fueled by a diverse range of cell culture media applications, increased research and development in the pharmaceutical industry, an increase in the prevalence of chronic diseases, and increased expansion and product launches by major players. Over the last few decades, advancements in cell culture technology have accelerated. It is widely regarded as one of the most dependable, robust, and mature technologies for biotherapeutic product development.

The high cost of cell culture media and the risk of contamination, on the other hand, are impeding the markets growth. However, the growing emphasis on regenerative and personalized medicine is likely to spur growth in the global cell culture media market.

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Competitive Dynamics

The notable players are the Merck KGaA (Germany), Bio-Rad Laboratories, Inc. (US), Thermo Fisher Scientific Inc. (US), Lonza (Switzerland), GE Healthcare (US), Becton, Dickinson and Company (US), HiMedia Laboratories (India), Corning Incorporated (US), PromoCell (Germany), Sera Scandia A/S (Denmark), The Sartorius Group (Germany), and Fujifilm Holdings Corporation (Japan).

Segmental Analysis

The global market for cell culture media has been segmented according to product type, application, and end user.

The market has been segmented by product type into classical media, stem cell media, serum-free media, and others.

Further subcategories of stem cell culture media include bone marrow, embryonic stem cells, mesenchymal stem cells, and neural stem cells.

The market is segmented into four application segments: drug discovery and development, cancer research, genetic engineering, and tissue engineering and biochemistry.

The market is segmented by end user into biochemistry and pharmaceutical companies, research laboratories, academic institutions, and pathology laboratories.

Regional Overview

According to region, the global cell culture media market is segmented into the Americas, Europe, Asia-Pacific, and the Middle East & Africa.

The Americas dominated the global cell culture media market. The large share is attributed to the presence of major manufacturers, rising disease prevalence resulting in increased demand for drugs and other medications, technological advancements in the preclinical and clinical segments, growing public awareness, and high disposable income.

Europe ranks second in terms of market size for cell culture media. Factors such as an increase in the biopharmaceutical sector in the European region, increased government initiatives to promote research to find a cure for the growing number of chronic diseases, an increase in the number of pharmaceutical manufacturers, improving economies, a high disposable income per individual, and increased healthcare spending are all contributing to the markets growth in this region. The European market is expected to be driven by expanding R&D activities and a developing biopharmaceutical sector.

Asia-Pacific held the third-largest market share, owing to the presence of numerous research organizations, low manufacturing costs, low labor costs, developing healthcare infrastructure, and increased investment by American and European market giants in Asian countries such as China and India.

The Middle East and Africa, with limited economic development and extremely low income, held the smallest market share in 2019 but is expected to grow due to growing public awareness and demand for improved healthcare facilities in countries, as well as rising disposable income.

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Cell Culture Media Market: Competitive Approach, Breakdown And Forecast by 2027 - Digital Journal

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Tecartus (Brexucabtagene Autoleucel) First and Only CAR T in Europe to Receive Positive CHMP Opinion to Treat Adults 26+ with r/r ALL

If Approved, it will Address a Significant Unmet Need for a Patient Population with Limited Treatment Options

SANTA MONICA, Calif.--(BUSINESS WIRE)--Kite, a Gilead Company (Nasdaq: GILD), today announces that the European Medicines Agency (EMA) Committee for Medicinal Products for Human Use (CHMP) has issued a positive opinion for Tecartus (brexucabtagene autoleucel) for the treatment of adult patients 26 years of age and above with relapsed or refractory (r/r) B-cell precursor acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). If approved, Tecartus will be the first and only Chimeric Antigen Receptor (CAR) T-cell therapy for this population of patients who have limited treatment options. Half of adults with ALL will relapse, and median overall survival (OS) for this group is only approximately eight months with current standard-of-care treatments.

Kites goal is clear: to bring the hope of survival to more patients with cancer around the world through cell therapy, said Christi Shaw, CEO, Kite. Todays CHMP positive opinion in adult ALL brings us a step closer to delivering on the promise that cell therapies have to transform the way cancer is treated.

Following this positive opinion, the European Commission will now review the CHMP opinion; the final decision on the Marketing Authorization is expected in the coming months.

Adults with relapsed or refractory ALL often undergo multiple treatments including chemotherapy, targeted therapy and stem cell transplant, creating a significant burden on a patients quality of life, said Max S. Topp, MD, professor and head of Hematology, University Hospital of Wuerzburg, Germany. If approved, patients in Europe will have a meaningful advancement in treatment. Tecartus has demonstrated durable responses, suggesting the potential for long-term remission and a new approach to care.

Results from the ZUMA-3 international multicenter, single-arm, open-label, registrational Phase 1/2 study of adult patients (18 years old) with relapsed or refractory ALL, demonstrated that 71% of the evaluable patients (n=55) achieved complete remission (CR) or CR with incomplete hematological recovery (CRi) with a median follow-up of 26.8 months. In an extended data set of all patients dosed with the pivotal dose (n=78) the median overall survival for all patients was more than two years (25.4 months) and almost four years (47 months) for responders (patients who achieved CR or CRi). Among efficacy-evaluable patients, median duration of remission (DOR) was 18.6 months. Among the patients treated with Tecartus at the target dose (n=100), Grade 3 or higher cytokine release syndrome (CRS) and neurologic events occurred in 25% and 32% of patients, respectively, and were generally well-managed.

About ZUMA-3

ZUMA-3 is an ongoing international multicenter (US, Canada, EU), single arm, open label, registrational Phase 1/2 study of Tecartus in adult patients (18 years old) with ALL whose disease is refractory to or has relapsed following standard systemic therapy or hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. The primary endpoint is the rate of overall complete remission or complete remission with incomplete hematological recovery by central assessment. Duration of remission and relapse-free survival, overall survival, minimal residual disease (MRD) negativity rate, and allo-SCT rate were assessed as secondary endpoints.

About Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia

ALL is an aggressive type of blood cancer that develops when abnormal white blood cells accumulate in the bone marrow until there isnt any room left for blood cells to form. In some cases, these abnormal cells invade healthy organs and can also involve the lymph nodes, spleen, liver, central nervous system and other organs. The most common form is B cell precursor ALL. Globally, approximately 64,000 people are diagnosed with ALL each year, including around 3,300 people in Europe.

About Tecartus

Please see full FDA Prescribing Information, including BOXED WARNING and Medication Guide.

Tecartus is a CD19-directed genetically modified autologous T cell immunotherapy indicated for the treatment of:

This indication is approved under accelerated approval based on overall response rate and durability of response. Continued approval for this indication may be contingent upon verification and description of clinical benefit in a confirmatory trial.

U.S. IMPORTANT SAFETY INFORMATION

BOXED WARNING: CYTOKINE RELEASE SYNDROME and NEUROLOGIC TOXICITIES

Cytokine Release Syndrome (CRS), including life-threatening reactions, occurred following treatment with Tecartus. In ZUMA-2, CRS occurred in 91% (75/82) of patients receiving Tecartus, including Grade 3 CRS in 18% of patients. Among the patients who died after receiving Tecartus, one had a fatal CRS event. The median time to onset of CRS was three days (range: 1 to 13 days) and the median duration of CRS was ten days (range: 1 to 50 days). Among patients with CRS, the key manifestations (>10%) were similar in MCL and ALL and included fever (93%), hypotension (62%), tachycardia (59%), chills (32%), hypoxia (31%), headache (21%), fatigue (20%), and nausea (13%). Serious events associated with CRS included hypotension, fever, hypoxia, tachycardia, and dyspnea.

Ensure that a minimum of two doses of tocilizumab are available for each patient prior to infusion of Tecartus. Following infusion, monitor patients for signs and symptoms of CRS daily for at least seven days for patients with MCL and at least 14 days for patients with ALL at the certified healthcare facility, and for four weeks thereafter. Counsel patients to seek immediate medical attention should signs or symptoms of CRS occur at any time. At the first sign of CRS, institute treatment with supportive care, tocilizumab, or tocilizumab and corticosteroids as indicated.

Neurologic Events, including those that were fatal or life-threatening, occurred following treatment with Tecartus. Neurologic events occurred in 81% (66/82) of patients with MCL, including Grade 3 in 37% of patients. The median time to onset for neurologic events was six days (range: 1 to 32 days) with a median duration of 21 days (range: 2 to 454 days) in patients with MCL. Neurologic events occurred in 87% (68/78) of patients with ALL, including Grade 3 in 35% of patients. The median time to onset for neurologic events was seven days (range: 1 to 51 days) with a median duration of 15 days (range: 1 to 397 days) in patients with ALL. For patients with MCL, 54 (66%) patients experienced CRS before the onset of neurological events. Five (6%) patients did not experience CRS with neurologic events and eight patients (10%) developed neurological events after the resolution of CRS. Neurologic events resolved for 119 out of 134 (89%) patients treated with Tecartus. Nine patients (three patients with MCL and six patients with ALL) had ongoing neurologic events at the time of death. For patients with ALL, neurologic events occurred before, during, and after CRS in 4 (5%), 57 (73%), and 8 (10%) of patients; respectively. Three patients (4%) had neurologic events without CRS. The onset of neurologic events can be concurrent with CRS, following resolution of CRS or in the absence of CRS.

The most common neurologic events (>10%) were similar in MCL and ALL and included encephalopathy (57%), headache (37%), tremor (34%), confusional state (26%), aphasia (23%), delirium (17%), dizziness (15%), anxiety (14%), and agitation (12%). Serious events including encephalopathy, aphasia, confusional state, and seizures occurred after treatment with Tecartus.

Monitor patients daily for at least seven days for patients with MCL and at least 14 days for patients with ALL at the certified healthcare facility and for four weeks following infusion for signs and symptoms of neurologic toxicities and treat promptly.

REMS Program: Because of the risk of CRS and neurologic toxicities, Tecartus is available only through a restricted program under a Risk Evaluation and Mitigation Strategy (REMS) called the Yescarta and Tecartus REMS Program which requires that:

Hypersensitivity Reactions: Serious hypersensitivity reactions, including anaphylaxis, may occur due to dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) or residual gentamicin in Tecartus.

Severe Infections: Severe or life-threatening infections occurred in patients after Tecartus infusion. Infections (all grades) occurred in 56% (46/82) of patients with MCL and 44% (34/78) of patients with ALL. Grade 3 or higher infections, including bacterial, viral, and fungal infections, occurred in 30% of patients with ALL and MCL. Tecartus should not be administered to patients with clinically significant active systemic infections. Monitor patients for signs and symptoms of infection before and after Tecartus infusion and treat appropriately. Administer prophylactic antimicrobials according to local guidelines.

Febrile neutropenia was observed in 6% of patients with MCL and 35% of patients with ALL after Tecartus infusion and may be concurrent with CRS. The febrile neutropenia in 27 (35%) of patients with ALL includes events of febrile neutropenia (11 (14%)) plus the concurrent events of fever and neutropenia (16 (21%)). In the event of febrile neutropenia, evaluate for infection and manage with broad spectrum antibiotics, fluids, and other supportive care as medically indicated.

In immunosuppressed patients, life-threatening and fatal opportunistic infections have been reported. The possibility of rare infectious etiologies (e.g., fungal and viral infections such as HHV-6 and progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy) should be considered in patients with neurologic events and appropriate diagnostic evaluations should be performed.

Hepatitis B virus (HBV) reactivation, in some cases resulting in fulminant hepatitis, hepatic failure, and death, can occur in patients treated with drugs directed against B cells. Perform screening for HBV, HCV, and HIV in accordance with clinical guidelines before collection of cells for manufacturing.

Prolonged Cytopenias: Patients may exhibit cytopenias for several weeks following lymphodepleting chemotherapy and Tecartus infusion. In patients with MCL, Grade 3 or higher cytopenias not resolved by Day 30 following Tecartus infusion occurred in 55% (45/82) of patients and included thrombocytopenia (38%), neutropenia (37%), and anemia (17%). In patients with ALL who were responders to Tecartus treatment, Grade 3 or higher cytopenias not resolved by Day 30 following Tecartus infusion occurred in 20% (7/35) of the patients and included neutropenia (12%) and thrombocytopenia (12%); Grade 3 or higher cytopenias not resolved by Day 60 following Tecartus infusion occurred in 11% (4/35) of the patients and included neutropenia (9%) and thrombocytopenia (6%). Monitor blood counts after Tecartus infusion.

Hypogammaglobulinemia: B cell aplasia and hypogammaglobulinemia can occur in patients receiving treatment with Tecartus. Hypogammaglobulinemia was reported in 16% (13/82) of patients with MCL and 9% (7/78) of patients with ALL. Monitor immunoglobulin levels after treatment with Tecartus and manage using infection precautions, antibiotic prophylaxis, and immunoglobulin replacement.

The safety of immunization with live viral vaccines during or following Tecartus treatment has not been studied. Vaccination with live virus vaccines is not recommended for at least six weeks prior to the start of lymphodepleting chemotherapy, during Tecartus treatment, and until immune recovery following treatment with Tecartus.

Secondary Malignancies may develop. Monitor life-long for secondary malignancies. In the event that one occurs, contact Kite at 1-844-454-KITE (5483) to obtain instructions on patient samples to collect for testing.

Effects on Ability to Drive and Use Machines: Due to the potential for neurologic events, including altered mental status or seizures, patients are at risk for altered or decreased consciousness or coordination in the 8 weeks following Tecartus infusion. Advise patients to refrain from driving and engaging in hazardous activities, such as operating heavy or potentially dangerous machinery, during this period.

Adverse Reactions: The most common non-laboratory adverse reactions ( 20%) were fever, cytokine release syndrome, hypotension, encephalopathy, tachycardia, nausea, chills, headache, fatigue, febrile neutropenia, diarrhea, musculoskeletal pain, hypoxia, rash, edema, tremor, infection with pathogen unspecified, constipation, decreased appetite, and vomiting. The most common serious adverse reactions ( 2%) were cytokine release syndrome, febrile neutropenia, hypotension, encephalopathy, fever, infection with pathogen unspecified, hypoxia, tachycardia, bacterial infections, respiratory failure, seizure, diarrhea, dyspnea, fungal infections, viral infections, coagulopathy, delirium, fatigue, hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis, musculoskeletal pain, edema, and paraparesis.

About Kite

Kite, a Gilead Company, is a global biopharmaceutical company based in Santa Monica, California, with manufacturing operations in North America and Europe. Kites singular focus is cell therapy to treat and potentially cure cancer. As the cell therapy leader, Kite has more approved CAR T indications to help more patients than any other company. For more information on Kite, please visit http://www.kitepharma.com. Follow Kite on social media on Twitter (@KitePharma) and LinkedIn.

About Gilead Sciences

Gilead Sciences, Inc. is a biopharmaceutical company that has pursued and achieved breakthroughs in medicine for more than three decades, with the goal of creating a healthier world for all people. The company is committed to advancing innovative medicines to prevent and treat life-threatening diseases, including HIV, viral hepatitis and cancer. Gilead operates in more than 35 countries worldwide, with headquarters in Foster City, California.

Forward-Looking Statements

This press release includes forward-looking statements within the meaning of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995 that are subject to risks, uncertainties and other factors, including the ability of Gilead and Kite to initiate, progress or complete clinical trials within currently anticipated timelines or at all, and the possibility of unfavorable results from ongoing and additional clinical trials, including those involving Tecartus; the risk that physicians may not see the benefits of prescribing Tecartus for the treatment of blood cancers; and any assumptions underlying any of the foregoing. These and other risks, uncertainties and other factors are described in detail in Gileads Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended March 31, 2022 as filed with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission. These risks, uncertainties and other factors could cause actual results to differ materially from those referred to in the forward-looking statements. All statements other than statements of historical fact are statements that could be deemed forward-looking statements. The reader is cautioned that any such forward-looking statements are not guarantees of future performance and involve risks and uncertainties and is cautioned not to place undue reliance on these forward-looking statements. All forward-looking statements are based on information currently available to Gilead and Kite, and Gilead and Kite assume no obligation and disclaim any intent to update any such forward-looking statements.

U.S. Prescribing Information for Tecartus including BOXED WARNING, is available at http://www.kitepharma.com and http://www.gilead.com .

Kite, the Kite logo, Tecartus and GILEAD are trademarks of Gilead Sciences, Inc. or its related companies .

View source version on businesswire.com: https://www.businesswire.com/news/home/20220722005258/en/

Jacquie Ross, Investorsinvestor_relations@gilead.com

Anna Padula, Mediaapadula@kitepharma.com

Source: Gilead Sciences, Inc.

Read more from the original source:
Kite's CAR T-cell Therapy Tecartus Receives Positive CHMP Opinion in Relapsed or Refractory Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (r/r ALL) - Gilead Sciences

Recommendation and review posted by Bethany Smith

Josh, Harper and Meagan in June 2022

Two years ago, Meagan stood in a hospital room at Seattle Childrens cradling her 1-year-old daughter, Harper, against her chest. Her fianc, Josh, huddled close to them and kissed the thinning hair on top of their babys head.

A feeding tube was routed through Harpers nose and her eyes were brimming with tears. Exhausted, she snuggled into her moms arms as a photographer took their picture.

Meagan and Josh feared those would be the last photos taken of their baby girl.

Six months before, Harper became seriously ill. After multiple visits to their pediatrician in Yakima, Meagan took her to an emergency room where blood tests revealed Harper had leukemia.

It was shocking, Meagan says. Thirty minutes later we were on an emergency flight to Seattle Childrens.

The family didnt return home for nearly two years.

The type of leukemia Harper had acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is typically harder to treat and has lower survival rates when it occurs in infants who are less than a year old.

Harpers case was exceptionally challenging. She didnt respond to standard chemotherapy, even after providers added a medication designed to sensitize her leukemia to the treatment.

Her care team, which included Seattle Childrens High-Risk Leukemia Program, believed a stem cell transplant would give Harper the best chance of surviving, but they had to eliminate the majority of her leukemia cells first.

Drs. Kasey Leger and Brittany Lee, Harpers primary oncologists, started her on a novel immunotherapy medication, called blinatumomab, which effectively destroyed many of her ALL cells.

Unfortunately, two weeks later, the team discovered some of Harpers ALL cells had morphed into a different blood cancer acute myeloid leukemia (AML). This rare occurrence, called lineage switch, occurs in less than 5% of infant ALL cases.

It was a roller coaster, Josh says. She didnt do anything they expected her to do. It felt like every day we had to come up with a new plan.

Drs. Leger and Lee gave Harper a different kind of chemotherapy that destroyed the new AML cells. Still, some of her ALL cells remained, so the team gave Harper blinatumomab again which finally suppressed her cancer enough for her to have a stem cell transplant just before her first birthday.

Harper and her mom, Meagan, celebrating Harpers first birthday shortly after her stem cell transplant

The team had done everything they could to get Harper healthy enough for a stem cell transplant, hopeful it would be the treatment that finally cured her. Tragically, Harpers leukemia was back less than a month later.

When leukemia comes back so soon after transplant, patients have very few treatment options, if any, says Dr. Corinne Summers, Harpers stem cell transplant specialist. Many patients will not survive long term.

Harpers parents were terrified they were going to lose her.

Her bone marrow was packed with leukemia, Josh remembers. You could tell the life was slipping out of her and she just looked like it was going to be the end.

After Harpers stem cell transplant failed, the family met with end-of-life specialists and scheduled a special photo session to create memories that they would carry forward

They struggled to decide if they should continue treatment.

How do you know when enough is enough? Meagan says. When do you say, We cant do this to her anymore? Harper couldnt tell us how she was feeling, so it was all our decision.

Meagan and Josh worked closely with the care team to decide what to do next.

Those conversations were emotional for all of us, says Dr. Lee. Thankfully, we had a close, trusting relationship with their family and were able to give recommendations that reflected what they wanted for their daughter and what they felt was most important.

After much consideration, Meagan and Josh decided Harper was strong enough to continue treatment.

Drs. Leger and Lee filed a compassionate use request with the Food and Drug Administration to give Harper an investigational chemotherapy drug called venetoclax. Unfortunately, the treatment didnt work.

Collaborating with the family, the team decided to try giving Harper blinatumomab one more time. There was no evidence suggesting the medication would work so soon after a bone marrow transplant and with such a high burden of leukemia, but within a week it eliminated 98% of Harpers cancer cells.

Family is a critical piece of the team, Dr. Leger says. And Harper is fortunate to have amazing parents who were at her bedside 24/7 and had a beautiful way of advocating for her. They challenged us to leave no stone unturned and partnered with us throughout her treatment to keep figuring out a way forward.

With Harpers leukemia under control, the team searched for a way to wipe out any remaining cancer cells and keep her disease from coming back. Doctors in Childrens Cancer and Blood Disorders Center lead national research groups such as the Childrens Oncology Group, so they have access to trials around the world. However, Harpers care team found the best treatment for her was at Seattle Childrens Hospital, in partnership with Seattle Childrens Therapeutics.

Harpers T-cells were removed through a process called apheresis before they were reprogrammed to target her cancer cells and infused back into her blood

Harper was enrolled in one of Childrens T-cell immunotherapy clinical trials. The treatment involves re-programming a patients T cells (a type of white blood cell) to target and destroy their cancer cells.

After her T-cell therapy, Harper was finally in remission.

Meagan cried with relief when she found out. Harper would not be here right now if it wasnt for everybody at Seattle Childrens, she says. From day one, theyve been comforting and compassionate. They bend over backwards to keep families involved and helped us fight for our child.

To keep her in remission, Harper was given six antigen-presenting cell boosters, which kept her reprogrammed T cells circulating through her blood longer. She received the last booster earlier this year and is still in remission today.

Harper had a very unique disease in that her leukemia manifested as both ALL and AML, says Dr. Leger. Thankfully, we have team members with deep expertise in each of those diseases. Having internationally recognized chemotherapy, transplant and immunotherapy specialists on our team allowed us to be creative with her care when she needed to go beyond the standard pathways.

Today, Harper is a joyful, boisterous 3-year-old who loves experimenting with musical toys and splashing around in her bath or kiddie pool. One of her favorite things to do is grab Meagan by the hair and squish their faces together.

Because of the treatments Harper received at such a young age and the extended time she spent in the hospital, Harper is behind on some developmental milestones like speaking and walking. Still, Meagan and Josh say shes catching up.

Shes starting to bloom and take off and its so nice to see, Meagan says. At the same time, we cant get too comfortable. We know how relentless her disease is and that it could come back one day.

Harper plays in a pool, one of her favorite activities, in June 2022

Harpers family encourages community members to support cancer research at Childrens so that new treatments can be developed for Harper and other kids like her.

Without donors, Harper probably wouldnt be alive right now, Josh says. The treatments she had were developed in just the last few years. If people dont step up and donate, those programs arent there. Those drugs arent invented. Cancer treatment has come a really long way and thats because of donors stepping up to make that happen.

Learn more about Seattle Childrens High-Risk Leukemia Program and Cancer and Blood Disorders Center.

Related

Read more here:
No Stone Unturned: Seattle Children's High-Risk Leukemia Experts Specialize in the Toughest Cases - On the Pulse - On the Pulse - On the Pulse

Recommendation and review posted by Bethany Smith

New Jersey, United States TheStem Cell TherapyMarket research guides new entrants to obtain precise market data and communicates with customers to know their requirements and preferences. It spots outright business opportunities and helps to bring new products into the market. It identifies opportunities in the marketplace. It aims at doing modifications in the business to make business procedures smooth and make business forward. It helps business players to make sound decision making. Stem Cell Therapy market report helps to reduce business risks and provides ways to deal with upcoming challenges. Market information provided here helps new entrants to take informed decisions making. It emphasizes on major regions of the globe such as Europe, North America, Asia Pacific, Middle East, Africa, and Latin America along with their market size.

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Key Players Mentioned in the Stem Cell Therapy Market Research Report:

Osiris Therapeutics Medipost Co. Ltd., Anterogen Co. Ltd., Pharmicell Co. Ltd., HolostemTerapieAvanzateSrl, JCR Pharmaceuticals Co. Ltd., Nuvasive RTI Surgical Allosource

Stem Cell TherapyMarket report consists of important data about the entire market environment of products or services offered by different industry players. It enables industries to know the market scenario of a particular product or service including demand, supply, market structure, pricing structure, and trend analysis. It is of great assistance in the product market development. It further depicts essential data regarding customers, products, competition, and market growth factors. Stem Cell Therapy market research benefits greatly to make the proper decision. Future trends are also revealed for particular products or services to help business players in making the right investment and launching products into the market.

Stem Cell TherapyMarket Segmentation:

Stem Cell Therapy Market, By Cell Source

Adipose Tissue-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells Bone Marrow-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells Cord Blood/Embryonic Stem Cells Other Cell Sources

Stem Cell Therapy Market, By Therapeutic Application

Musculoskeletal Disorders Wounds and Injuries Cardiovascular Diseases Surgeries Gastrointestinal Diseases Other Applications

Stem Cell Therapy Market, By Type

Allogeneic Stem Cell Therapy Autologous Stem Cell Therapy

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For Prepare TOC Our Analyst deep Researched the Following Things:

Report Overview:It includes major players of the Stem Cell Therapy market covered in the research study, research scope, market segments by type, market segments by application, years considered for the research study, and objectives of the report.

Global Growth Trends:This section focuses on industry trends where market drivers and top market trends are shed light upon. It also provides growth rates of key producers operating in the Stem Cell Therapy market. Furthermore, it offers production and capacity analysis where marketing pricing trends, capacity, production, and production value of the Stem Cell Therapy market are discussed.

Market Share by Manufacturers:Here, the report provides details about revenue by manufacturers, production and capacity by manufacturers, price by manufacturers, expansion plans, mergers and acquisitions, and products, market entry dates, distribution, and market areas of key manufacturers.

Market Size by Type:This section concentrates on product type segments where production value market share, price, and production market share by product type are discussed.

Market Size by Application:Besides an overview of the Stem Cell Therapy market by application, it gives a study on the consumption in the Stem Cell Therapy market by application.

Production by Region:Here, the production value growth rate, production growth rate, import and export, and key players of each regional market are provided.

Consumption by Region:This section provides information on the consumption in each regional market studied in the report. The consumption is discussed on the basis of country, application, and product type.

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Market Forecast by Production:The production and production value forecasts included in this section are for the Stem Cell Therapy market as well as for key regional markets.

Market Forecast by Consumption:The consumption and consumption value forecasts included in this section are for the Stem Cell Therapy market as well as for key regional markets.

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Stem Cell Therapy Market Size, Scope, Growth Opportunities, Trends by Manufacturers And Forecast to 2029 This Is Ardee - This Is Ardee

Recommendation and review posted by Bethany Smith

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Read more:
The Worldwide Genetic Testing Industry is Expected to Reach $26 Billion by 2027 - ResearchAndMarkets.com - Galveston County Daily News

Recommendation and review posted by Bethany Smith

Pharmacogenomic or genetic testing can help providers avoid prescribing antidepressant medications that may have undesirable outcomes, found a VA study. Pharmacogenomics is the study of how genes affect the bodys response to drugs.

Patients who underwent genetic testing had more positive outcomes, compared with patients in usual care. Over 24 weeks of treatment, the group with genetic testing had in a drop in depression symptomswith a peak effect at 12 weeks. Each patient in the study had major depressive disorder. Symptoms of that health condition include insomnia, loss of appetite, feelings of sadness and depression, and thoughts of dying by suicide.

Dr. David Oslin, director of the VA VISN 4 Mental Illness, Research, Education, and Clinical Center, located in Philadelphia and Pittsburgh, led the study. He thinks the results will encourage providers to consider using pharmacogenomic testing, with patient consent, to help drive treatment decisions.

From a VA policy perspective, I dont think that we would say the study is robust enough that we recommend testing everybody, says Oslin. But I think the results favoring a positive effect on treatment, although small, will encourage providers to test patients and get this genetic information. Future research should explore if there are subgroups of patients who would benefit more from testing.

Focus on metabolizing drugs

In recent years, pharmacogenomic testing has received greater attention as a tool to personalize medication selection and is often used to treat patients with health conditions such as cancer and heart disease. Many in the medical community hope the testing can also be helpful in treating people with major depressive disorder. Research has been limited, however, on demonstrating improved clinical outcomes.

The genes we tested dont actually relate to depression, Oslin says. They relate to how a person metabolizes the drugs once theyre in the body. Some of these genes will cause the medications to metabolize much faster than normal. Others will cause the drugs to metabolize much slower than normal, which means youll end up with a lot of medication in your body.

The patients enrolled in the study were initiating or switching treatment with an antidepressant drug. The study included nearly 2,000 patients from 22 VA medical centers who were randomized evenly, with half receiving pharmacogenomic testing and the other half getting usual care. Oslin and his colleagues aimed to learn if genetic testing helped patients receive fewer medications with predicted drug-gene interactions and if that produced better outcomes.

A drug-gene interaction isan association between a medication and a genetic variant that may affect a patients response to drug treatment. Having that information helps the provider select the appropriate dosage for a specific patient.

The crux of the study

The study found a marked shift in prescribing away from medications with significant drug-gene interactions or moderate drug-gene interactions. Overall, 59% of the patients in the genetic testing group received a medication with no predicted drug-gene interaction, compared with 26% in the control group. The researchers defined that difference as statistically significant and clinically meaningful.

Oslin says he went into the study thinking the research team would not see such a dramatic effect in predicted drug-gene interactions. He was somewhat surprised by the result. There was essentially a major shift in avoiding medicines that had a predicted drug-gene interaction, he says.

Its important to realize that the test is not telling you whether the patient is going to respond to the treatment or not, he adds. Its telling you something about how the patient metabolizes the medication. So, its not telling me that this is a good medicine for the patient. Its telling me not to prescribe this medicine, or perhaps to adjust the dosing, because the patient doesnt metabolize it well.

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Genetic testing may benefit patients with depression - VAntage Point - VAntage Point Blog

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Each year, more than a quarter million women will be diagnosed with breast cancer, making it the second most common type of cancer in women behind only skin cancer. In fact, breast cancer diagnosesannually account for about 30 percent of new female cancers, according to the American Cancer Society.

Based on gender alone, women have a one in eight (13 percent) chance of developing breast cancer during their life. Due to various controllable factors, such as weight, activity level, diet, alcohol consumption and lack of screening, mammograms these percentages increase.

In certain cases, some women are categorized as being at high risk of developing breast cancer due to uncontrollable risk factors. To learn more about what high risk breast cancer means, we sought out information from Nicole Sharp Cottrell, M.D., a board-certified and fellowship-trained breast surgical oncologist at INTEGRIS Breast Surgery.

Genetics and family historyare the two main factors that place a woman in the high risk breast cancer category. These women have at least a 20 percent chance of developing breast cancer compared to 13 percent of all other women in the average risk category.

In addition to these factors, Dr. Sharp also noted how gender and age can increase your risk of breast cancer. There are additional factors that can also increase your risk of breast cancer, such as obesity, exposure to hormones and activity level.

Certain genetic mutations can increase your breast cancer risk by more than 80 percent.

Everyone has BRCA1 and BRCA2 genes that help with cellular repair and inhibit tumor growth. In some people, BRCA 1/2 genes, which encode tumor suppression proteins, have mutations resulting in increased risk of cancer. Only about 5-10% of breast cancers are from a known genetic mutation, with BRCA1/2 mutations being the most common mutation associated with breast and ovarian cancer syndromes. In addition, men with BRCA mutations are at increased risk for prostate cancer. Additional risks include pancreatic cancer, melanoma and potentially serious uterine cancers.

While BRCA genes are the most common genetic risk factor for breast cancer, other genes can also lead to a diagnosis. These genes currently include:

Its important to know the gene mutations you are being tested for, because there may be limited genetics testing done for just BRCA1/2 versus a broader genetics panel testing done, Dr. Sharp says. Genetics research is continuously evolving to identify additional mutations and their associated cancers. People with a known family history of a gene mutation or those with family histories suspicious of mutations, should seek evaluation for genetic testing for themselves.

As with other types of cancers, your risk of developing breast cancer increases if an immediate family member, also called first-degree relative (mother, sister or daughter), previously had breast cancer. The risk is even higher if multiple family members had breast cancer, especially those who develop cancerous cells before menopause or if both breasts were affected.

Although family history is a strong indicator of potential future breast cancer, it is by no means a guarantee youll end up having breast cancer. For example, nearly 90 percent of breast cancer cases have no family history.

Aside from genetics and family history, the following factors may also put you at high risk:

Previous breast cancer diagnosis: Women who had a previous bout with breast cancer are three to four times more likely to have a recurrent diagnosis. This includes ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS), which is a type of cancer that affects the milk ducts but has not spread outside of the ducts. DCIS is a stage 0 breast cancer.

History of breast lesions: Women can develop a condition called lobular carcinoma in situ (LCIS), which describes abnormal tissue growth in the lobules (the sacs responsible for producing breast milk). Although LCIS isnt breast cancer, women with these lesions are seven to 11 times more likely to develop breast cancer.

Radiation exposure: Radiation therapy can treat many conditions, from cancer to tuberculosis. Women who are exposed to certain types of radiation are at a higher risk of developing breast cancer. Younger women with a history of radiation exposure are more at risk than older women.

For some women, a family or personal history of having breast cancer makes it easy to determine future risk. For others, it isnt as obvious.

To help estimate risk, there are several tools you can use to determine the likelihood of developing breast cancer in the future.

The most common breast cancer risk assessment tool uses the Gail Model, a statistical analysis model created in 1989 by Mitchell Gail, MD, pHd. The Gail Model calculates the likelihood of developing breast cancer within the next five years.

The tool uses the following factors to determine risk:

Once calculated, women are considered high risk if their five-year risk is greater than 1.67 percent. Its important to note the model is made for women who have no history of breast cancer, LCIS or known genetic mutation.

This calculator uses the Tyrer-Cuzick model to project the risk of breast cancer within the next 10 years.

The tool uses the following factors to determine risk:

The results fall under one of three categories: average risk (less than 15 percent), immediate risk (15 to 19 percent) and high risk (more than 20 percent).

The BOADICEA model, which was developed in 2002, is used primarily to assess future breast cancer risk in women who have a genetic mutation. While BRCA1 and BRCA2 are the most common mutations, the tool can also predict other genes such as PALB2, ATM, CHEK2, BARD1, RAD51C and RAD51D.

The tool uses the following factors to determine risk:

People identified as being high-risk for breast cancer, typically defined as a greater than 20 percent lifetime risk of breast cancer, should be offered counseling on risk-reducing options and offered high-risk breast cancer screening, Dr. Sharp says. While this may be done through a primary care provider or gynecologist, INTEGRIS offers high-risk breast counseling and surveillance through our INTEGRIS Breast Surgery Clinic.

Breast self-awareness is encouraged, including monthly self-exams, Dr. Sharp says. Any concerns should prompt a patient to reach out to their provider immediately even if they arent due for an exam or imaging for clinical evaluation.

Depending on your specific risk factors, your doctor may recommend the following:

As Dr. Sharp points out, there is no such thing as preventative treatment.

Instead, we discuss options for risk-reduction treatment as there is always the chance that breast cancer can occur or even recur, she says. In addition to high-risk surveillance, we offer patients options for risk-reduction for breast cancer through lifestyle changes, medications, and consideration of surgery.

For women who have a family history of breast cancer or are at a high risk based on results from the assessment tool, your doctor may recommend meeting with a genetic counselor or a geneticist to determine if you have a mutation to the BRCA gene or another genetic mutation.

Genetic testing for breast cancer is done by analyzing saliva or blood samples for any genetic mutations. In general, you will either test positive or negative for a genetic mutation, although you may have a gene change that isnt covered by the genetic test. In some cases, you may receive an inconclusive test or the test may discover a gene variant of uncertain significance, also known medically as a VUS. A VUS means there is a change in your genetic makeup, but its unclear what effect it will have.

Two medications, tamoxifen and raloxifene, can help lower breast cancer risk by blocking estrogen in breast tissue. Raloxifene is typically only used for older women who have experienced menopause. Studies have shown raloxifene can lower your risk of future breast cancer by nearly 50 percent.

There are also drugs called aromatase inhibitors to reduce the risk of breast cancer. These drugs, sold as generic anastrozole or exemestane dont stop estrogen production, rather they lower levels by inhibiting the production of aromatase, an enzyme found in fat tissue. As a result, aromatase cant change other hormones, such as androgen, into estrogen.

While these medications are sometimes called chemoprevention, they are not considered chemotherapy and do not have traditional chemotherapy-associated side effects, Dr. Sharp says. The patients menopausal status and the side effect profile of each drug impact recommendations for which drug is best for specific patients. These medications are a single oral pill that are taken for 5 years for risk-reduction.

In those patients with dense breasts, we often have improved breast exams and breast imaging studies while they take risk-reducing medications, as the density of the breasts is often decreased. There can be significant side effects associated with these medications, so they are only prescribed to patients at substantial increased risk of breast cancer where the benefits outweigh the risks.

Some women may be interested in risk-reducing surgery with removal of both breasts (bilateral mastectomy). Dr. Sharp says there is evidence to support this in patients at the very highest risk of breast cancer, like those with BRCA 1/2 mutations. However, for most patients, there is no improvement in overall survival after bilateral mastectomy.

Bilateral mastectomy is considered risk-reducing and not risk-eliminating, as breast cancer can still reoccur on the chest wall, in the lymph nodes or distantly, she notes.

Patients may be interested in breast reconstruction. Breast reconstruction may be considered in a delayed fashion at a later operation or in an immediate fashion at the time of their mastectomy, if they are an appropriate candidate after meeting with a plastics and reconstruction team.

Its important to note that even after bilateral mastectomy, ongoing screening with clinical exams is recommended but surveillance breast imaging is no longer indicated. If women are at increased risk of breast and ovarian cancer syndromes, like BRCA 1/2, then a referral to gynecology for surveillance and discussion of risk-reduction with bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy is recommended.

Because medications and surgery come with side effects, a less invasive option includes an annual mammograms consideration of the addition of supplemental breast screening with breast MRI.

Women who fall in the high-risk category should receive a comprehensive clinical breast exam, including both breasts and lymph node basins, every six to 12 months, according to Dr. Sharp. The exact age of when to begin screenings may be determined by the presence of a gene mutation or considered as early as 10 years before the earliest affected family member. For instance, patients with a known high-risk BRCA 1/2 mutation typically begin annual MRI as early as age 25, followed by alternating mammogram with tomosynthesis and MRI every 6 months at age 30.

Annual mammograms should be performed with tomosynthesis (3D mammography), she says. Patients should also be offered options for supplemental breast screening imaging like breast MRIs annually. We typically space out our annual mammograms and MRIs so that you receive an imaging study every six months.

Breast cancer screening doesnt prevent breast cancer, but it allows doctors to find and treat the cancer at an early stage earlier treatment leads to more effective results.

To schedule your mammogram, call 1-855-MY-MAMMO (1-855-696-2666) or talk with your doctor about how often you should receive a mammogram.

Dr. Sharp encourages cancer genetic testing in patients with a family history suspicious for breast and ovarian cancer syndromes. Any patients with a family history of ovarian cancer should be considered for genetic testing. Patients with multiple generations of breast cancer, early onset breast cancer or triple negative breast cancer should also be considered for genetic testing. Additionally, patients with family history of pancreatic cancer or metastatic or advanced stage prostate cancer are also often offered genetic testing.

The American Society of Breast Surgeons (ASBrS) recommends consideration of genetics testing in all breast cancer patients, she says. We work with insurance to obtain coverage whenever possible. If genetics testing is desired and not covered by insurance, we do have options for significantly discounted testing.

For women who are at a high risk for breast cancer, INTEGRIS Breast Health Serviceshas a High Risk and Genetics Clinicto determine the best course of treatment to reduce your risk of developing breast cancer in the future.

Read the rest here:
What Does it Mean to be High Risk for Breast Cancer? - Integris

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When Deborah Vauclare cares for her 6-year-old son, Lo who has a rare genetic disease that a doctor has told the family could be described as "Parkinson's mixed with Alzheimer's, affecting kids," according to Vauclare she often has a helper in the form of his little sister, Eva.

"She'll kiss him and help me if his head falls," Vauclare said, adding, "She doesn't understand because she's only 3, but she likes to be with him."

Watching Eva's tenderness toward Lo gives the family some comfort, Vauclare said, as they face an uncertain future. Medical experts have told them to brace themselves for the worst. The 41-year-old mom said they told her that the maximum time that Lo has left is about four years.

"We try not to say 'poor boy' in front of Eva," Vauclare said. "But it's something we often say because the life that he lives is unimaginable."

When he was 2 years old, Lo received a diagnosis of infantile neuroaxonal dystrophy, or INAD, a neurodegenerative condition. Its symptoms of dementia are similar to those in diseases such as Alzheimer's and Parkinson's in adults. About 150 children worldwide are known to have it, Vauclare said.

One of the causes of INAD is a missing enzyme in people's bodies as well as a dangerous accumulation of iron. It often results in blindness, poor motor function, seizures, hearing loss, and problems with swallowing and breathing.

Vauclare, who learned of Lo's condition when she was five months pregnant with Eva, was told that a recessive gene caused it, and that her unborn baby had a 25% chance of developing it, too.

"I was a complete wreck," said Vauclare, a New Yorker who lives in France with her 46-year-old husband, Antoine Vauclare. "I couldn't sleep. I couldn't eat and felt nauseous all the time from nerves."

Thankfully, Vauclare said, when Eva was at seven months' gestation, tests showed that she was free of the disease and would be born healthy. But, she added, the results couldn't take away their fears for Lo.

"We thought, 'How can this be?'" Vauclare said, adding, "We thought, 'How could our child or any child be given this life, which is really not much of a life?'"

Lo began to show symptoms of the condition when he was 14 months old. He failed to meet the usual developmental milestones. In addition to issues such as speech delay, his balance "was off," and he "kept falling down," Vauclare said. He was assessed by therapists before having routine tests, such as an MRI and EEG. But "the disease didn't show up yet," Vauclare said.

The family underwent genetic testing in June 2018 and learned that Lo had INAD. Vauclare said that, to their frustration, the doctors in Paris "seemed more concerned" about the baby she was carrying than about Lo.

"I remember being furious," she said. "They were saying, 'What about your daughter?' and insinuating, "Are you going to terminate your pregnancy?' and I was like, 'What are you going to do about our son?'"

Vauclare said they were handed a leaflet about INAD and left to research it themselves on the internet. She then came across the INADcure Foundation, which supports the families of the small number of children with the condition, and fought to find a cure for them and Lo.

In a race against time, the Vauclares joined forces with the charity to launch an initial $500,000 campaign called Bisous for Loto fund scientific research.

Lo was enrolled in an drug trial in Morristown, New Jersey, six months after his diagnosis. The research continued until 2021, when, Vauclare said, the company behind it went bankrupt. He was denied the chance to take part in a subsequent trial because his disease had become "too advanced," and "it would not only not help him but probably make it even worse," Vauclare said.

The Vauclares said they've watched Lo go from a smiling toddler to a child who's barely conscious of his surroundings. He has a feeding tube and a molded seat that supports his head and body.

Still, he goes every day to a special center that caters to children with disabilities. Vauclare said he receives aqua and light therapy to "help with his sensory needs." She believed that a highlight of his week was a "dog therapy" session where he and other kids got to "pet, feed, and train" the animals.

Meanwhile, the family clings to the hope that a scientific miracle could save Lo before it's too late. The INADcure Foundation needs to raise $7 million to pay for the development of a new gene-therapy treatment for the disease in the US.

"They say it's going to be ready in 18 to 24 months," Vauclare said, adding, "Will he be eligible for the trial? Does he have another 18 to 24 months to live?"

As they continue to wait, Vauclare said, Lo will always know that he is loved. His mom, dad, and little sister will protect him forever, she added: "The only thing I can really do now is to hold him for as long as I can."

Go here to read the rest:
Boy has rare genetic disease, life expectancy is five to 10 years - Insider

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Las Vegas, United States: Straits Researchs latest report on, Preimplantation Genetic Testing Market Global Industry Overview and Forecast 2022-2030, highlights potential, risk factor analyses, and enhanced with strategic and tactical decision-making assistance. The growth and regulatory factors impacting information consumption, the availability of highly dependable items in the market, and the improvement in operating efficiency of Preimplantation Genetic Testing industry players. The Global Preimplantation Genetic Testing Market is expected to reach USD 465.1 million by 2026 at a CAGR of 8.7% during the forecast period of 20192026. Preimplantation Genetic Testing Market Share report covers market trends and development, drivers, capacities, technologies, and the changing dynamics of the Preimplantation Genetic Testing Market.

Competitive Landscape

Some of the prominent players operating in the Preimplantation Genetic Testing market are Illumina, Inc (U.S.), SciGene Corporation (U.S.), Thermo Fisher Scientific Inc. (U.S.), Agilent Technologies, Inc. (U.S.), Yikon Genomics (U.S.), Oxford Gene Technology (UK), Rubicon Genomics, Inc. (U.S.), Natera, Inc. (U.S.), Abbott (U.S.), CooperSurgical, Inc (U.S.), and PerkinElmer Inc (U.S.).

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Studies explore the effects of COVID-19 on the upstream, midstream, and downstream sectors of the industry. In addition, this analysis provides extensive market estimations by putting an emphasis on data covering numerous factors that encompass market dynamics such as market drivers, market barriers, market opportunities, market risks, and industry news and trends.

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As a result of the Preimplantation Genetic Testing market segmentation, the market is divided into sub-segments based on product type, application, as well as regional and country-level forecasts.

By Procedure Type: Preimplantation Genetic Screening , Preimplantation Genetic DiagnosisBy Technology: Next-Generation Sequencing , Polymerase Chain Reaction , Fluorescence in Situ Hybridization , Comparative Genomic Hybridization , Single-Nucleotide PolymorphismBy Product and Service: Reagents and Consumables , Instruments , Software and ServicesBy Application: Aneuploidy Screening , Structural Chromosomal Abnormalities , Translocations , Deletions , Duplications , Inversions , X-Linked Disorders , HLA Typing , Single Gene Disorder Screening , Gender Identification

The report forecasts revenue growth at all the geographic levels and provides an in-depth analysis of the latest industry trends and development patterns from 2022 to 2030 in each of the segments and sub-segments. Some of the major geographies included in the market are given below:

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Preimplantation Genetic Testing Market Research | Industry Growing with Major Key Player Illumina, Inc (U.S.), SciGene Corporation (U.S.), Thermo...

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New Jersey, United States TheDirect-To-Consumer (DTC) Genetic TestingMarket research guides new entrants to obtain precise market data and communicates with customers to know their requirements and preferences. It spots outright business opportunities and helps to bring new products into the market. It identifies opportunities in the marketplace. It aims at doing modifications in the business to make business procedures smooth and make business forward. It helps business players to make sound decision making. Direct-To-Consumer (DTC) Genetic Testing market report helps to reduce business risks and provides ways to deal with upcoming challenges. Market information provided here helps new entrants to take informed decisions making. It emphasizes on major regions of the globe such as Europe, North America, Asia Pacific, Middle East, Africa, and Latin America along with their market size.

Such unique Direct-To-Consumer (DTC) Genetic Testing Market research report offers some extensive strategic plans that help the players to deal with the current market situation and make your position. It helps in strengthening your business position. It offers better understanding of the market and keep perspective to aid one remain ahead in this competitive market. Organizations can gauze and compare their presentation with others in the market on the basis of this prompt market report. This market report offers a clarified picture of the varying market tactics and thereby helps the business organizations gain bigger profits. You get a clear idea about the product launches, trade regulations and expansion of the market place through this market report.

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Key Players Mentioned in the Direct-To-Consumer (DTC) Genetic Testing Market Research Report:

23andMe, Ancestry, Karmagenes, Color, Genesis HealthCare, Family Tree DNA, Full Genomes, EasyDNA, Helix, Identigene.

Direct-To-Consumer (DTC) Genetic TestingMarket report consists of important data about the entire market environment of products or services offered by different industry players. It enables industries to know the market scenario of a particular product or service including demand, supply, market structure, pricing structure, and trend analysis. It is of great assistance in the product market development. It further depicts essential data regarding customers, products, competition, and market growth factors. Direct-To-Consumer (DTC) Genetic Testing market research benefits greatly to make the proper decision. Future trends are also revealed for particular products or services to help business players in making the right investment and launching products into the market.

Direct-To-Consumer (DTC) Genetic TestingMarket Segmentation:

Direct-To-Consumer (DTC) Genetic Testing Market, By Test Type

Predictive Testing Carrier Testing Nutrigenomics Testing Others

Direct-To-Consumer (DTC) Genetic Testing Market, By Technology

Single Nucleotide Polymorphism Chips Whole Genome Sequencing Targeted Analysis

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For Prepare TOC Our Analyst deep Researched the Following Things:

Report Overview:It includes major players of the Direct-To-Consumer (DTC) Genetic Testing market covered in the research study, research scope, market segments by type, market segments by application, years considered for the research study, and objectives of the report.

Global Growth Trends:This section focuses on industry trends where market drivers and top market trends are shed light upon. It also provides growth rates of key producers operating in the Direct-To-Consumer (DTC) Genetic Testing market. Furthermore, it offers production and capacity analysis where marketing pricing trends, capacity, production, and production value of the Direct-To-Consumer (DTC) Genetic Testing market are discussed.

Market Share by Manufacturers:Here, the report provides details about revenue by manufacturers, production and capacity by manufacturers, price by manufacturers, expansion plans, mergers and acquisitions, and products, market entry dates, distribution, and market areas of key manufacturers.

Market Size by Type:This section concentrates on product type segments where production value market share, price, and production market share by product type are discussed.

Market Size by Application:Besides an overview of the Direct-To-Consumer (DTC) Genetic Testing market by application, it gives a study on the consumption in the Direct-To-Consumer (DTC) Genetic Testing market by application.

Production by Region:Here, the production value growth rate, production growth rate, import and export, and key players of each regional market are provided.

Consumption by Region:This section provides information on the consumption in each regional market studied in the report. The consumption is discussed on the basis of country, application, and product type.

Company Profiles:Almost all leading players of the Direct-To-Consumer (DTC) Genetic Testing market are profiled in this section. The analysts have provided information about their recent developments in the Direct-To-Consumer (DTC) Genetic Testing market, products, revenue, production, business, and company.

Market Forecast by Production:The production and production value forecasts included in this section are for the Direct-To-Consumer (DTC) Genetic Testing market as well as for key regional markets.

Market Forecast by Consumption:The consumption and consumption value forecasts included in this section are for the Direct-To-Consumer (DTC) Genetic Testing market as well as for key regional markets.

Value Chain and Sales Analysis:It deeply analyzes customers, distributors, sales channels, and value chain of the Direct-To-Consumer (DTC) Genetic Testing market.

Key Findings:This section gives a quick look at the important findings of the research study.

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Direct-To-Consumer (DTC) Genetic Testing Market Size, Scope, Growth Opportunities, Trends by Manufacturers And Forecast to 2029 This Is Ardee - This...

Recommendation and review posted by Bethany Smith