Public release date: 23-May-2013 [ | E-mail | Share ]

Contact: Bruce Goldman goldmanb@stanford.edu 650-725-2106 Stanford University Medical Center

STANFORD, Calif. - Ethnic background plays a surprisingly large role in how diabetes develops on a cellular level, according to two new studies led by researchers at the Stanford University School of Medicine.

The researchers reanalyzed disease data to demonstrate that the physiological pathways to diabetes vary between Africa and East Asia and that those differences are reflected in part by genetic differences. The studies will be published online simultaneously May 23 in the journals PLoS Genetics and Diabetes Care.

"We have new insights into the differences in diabetes across the world, just by this new perspective applied to older studies," said Atul Butte, MD, PhD, senior author of the studies and chief of the Division of Systems Medicine and associate professor of pediatrics and of genetics. "There's more still to learn about diabetes than we knew."

The early stages of type-2 diabetes, or adult-onset diabetes, can develop when the pancreas has problems creating sufficient insulin, a hormone critical for regulating blood sugar, or when the body's cells have trouble responding to insulin, a condition called "insulin resistance." Both problems will lead to the same result: too much sugar in a person's blood stream, which is the main criterion for diagnosing diabetes. Diabetics develop both low insulin secretion and insulin resistance as the disease progresses.

In the study to be published in PLoS Genetics, the researchers started by studying genome information of more than 1,000 people in 51 populations from around the world. These individuals were from indigenous populations, representing the earliest groups of humans at various locations. Lead author and former graduate student in Butte's lab, Erik Corona, PhD, studied more than 100 diseases searching for genetic differences in risk across these native populations, and found a clear geographic pattern in the genetics behind type-2 diabetes. The genetic risk is highest for Africans and drops along the trajectory the first humans took when migrating out of Africa toward East Asia (primarily Japan, China and Korea), where diabetes-linked genes appear to be more protective. Based solely on what is currently known about type-2 diabetes genetics, native Africans would appear to be at higher risk for diabetes, while East Asians would appear to be protected. But East Asians are not necessarily at lower risk of diabetes than Africans. Butte pointed out that "East Asians definitely get diabetes. What we would argue is that diabetes may be a different disease" in East Asian populations. An interactive tool that displays the results can be found at http://geneworld.stanford.edu/hgdp.html.

The genetics study's findings led Butte's team to wonder if there was clinical evidence of these differences in African and East Asian populations. For the second paper, lead author and staff engineering research associate Keiichi Kodama, MD, PhD, pulled data from more than 70 papers looking at simultaneously measured insulin secretion and insulin resistance in individuals across three different ethnic groups: Africans, Caucasians and East Asians. They found that at baseline, Africans had higher insulin resistance but were able to compensate with higher insulin secretion. East Asians were more likely to have less insulin-secretion ability, but this was compensated by having normal insulin resistance. Caucasians fell between these two groups, though they were more likely to develop problems with insulin secretion.

The researchers showed that because individuals from each ethnic group start at a different baseline position, they each reach diabetes in a different way: Africans through increased insulin resistance, and East Asians through lower insulin-secretion ability. "Africans are already pretty insulin resistant," Butte said. "They need their beta cells to work really hard. If their cells fail, that's how they head toward diabetes." East Asians, in contrast, "don't have a lot of spare capacity to secrete more insulin." The findings will be published in Diabetes Care.

Butte notes that a shift in how clinicians think about diabetes could lead to more targeted therapies, much as how thinking about cancer has evolved over the past 10 years, leading to new treatments. "Other fields of medicine have undergone a radical rethinking in disease taxonomy, but this has not happened yet for diabetes, one of the world's public health menaces," he said. "If these are separate diseases at a molecular level, we need to try to understand that."

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Genetics and Ethics
This is a science project we had about "Genetics and Ethics." Included is a movie trailer and featurettes.

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RUTHERFORD, N.J.--(BUSINESS WIRE)--

Cancer Genetics, Inc. (CGIX) ("CGI" or the "Company"), an emerging leader in DNA-based cancer diagnostics, will present at the second annual Marcum MicroCap Conference on Thursday, May 30, 2013 at 2:30 p.m. ET at the Grand Hyatt New York in New York City.

The Marcum MicroCap Conference is dedicated to introducing investors to the best undiscovered companies under $500 million in market capitalization. In addition, the conference will showcase a number of panels that discuss issues that are of vital importance to small cap issuers and investors. The conference is expected to draw more than 1,000 attendees, including senior personnel from over 100 presenting public companies, leading institutional investors, directors, bankers and service providers to the microcap marketplace.

To learn more about the Marcum MicroCap Conference, visit http://marcumllp.com/MicroCap.

About Cancer Genetics, Inc.

Cancer Genetics, Inc. (CGI) is an emerging leader in DNA-based cancer diagnostics and servicessome of the most prestigious medical institutions in the world. Our tests target cancers that are difficult to diagnose and predict treatment outcomes. These cancers include hematological, urogenital and HPV-associated cancers. We also offer a comprehensive range of non-proprietary oncology-focused tests and laboratory services that provide critical genomic information to healthcare professionals as well as biopharma and biotech. Our state-of-the-art reference lab is focused entirely on maintaining clinical excellence and is both CLIA certified and CAP accredited and has licensure from several states including New York State. CGI has established strong research collaborations with major cancer centers such as Memorial Sloan-Kettering, The Cleveland Clinic and the National Cancer Institute. For further information, please seewww.cancergenetics.com.

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SEATTLE, WA--(Marketwired - May 23, 2013) - Atossa Genetics, Inc. (NASDAQ: ATOS), The Breast Health Company, will display its ForeCYTE Breast Health Test at the 2013 American Society of Clinical Oncology (ASCO) Annual Meeting in Chicago, from May 31 through June 4, 2013. Atossa's exhibit will be located in booth 2019 at McCormick Place.

The ForeCYTE Breast Health Test, developed and marketed by Atossa Genetics, detects reversible precancerous conditions in the breast up to eight years before they become cancer. The test uses a hand-held, FDA Class II medical device that is quick, painless, and non-invasive and can be administered during an OB/GYN office visit. Unlike mammograms, which are commonly recommended for women starting at age 40 to 50, the ForeCYTE Breast Health Test is more age agnostic, uses no radiation and does not require invasive biopsy needles or surgical incisions. To view a video about the ForeCYTE Test, click here: https://vimeo.com/62365818.

"We believe that our ForeCYTE Breast Health Test represents a breakthrough in breast cancer risk assessment testing. The ForeCYTE test can provide vital early detection of cancer or precancerous conditions and therefore help prevent breast cancer and save lives. We look forward to presenting the ForeCYTE test's value at ASCO, the largest gathering of oncologists in the nation," said Chris Destro, Vice President of Atossa, who will attend the exhibition.

Atossa's ForeCYTE Breast Health Test is available through physicians nationwide.

About the ASCO Annual Meeting

The ASCO annual meeting brings together more than 25,000 oncology professionals from a broad range of specialties, making an excellent venue for exploring the theme of the Meeting -- "Building Bridges to Conquer Cancer."

About Atossa Genetics, Inc.

Atossa Genetics, Inc. (NASDAQ: ATOS), The Breast Health Company, based in Seattle, WA, is focused on preventing breast cancer through the commercialization of patented, FDA-designated Class II diagnostic medical devices and patented, laboratory developed tests (LDT) that can detect precursors to breast cancer up to eight years before mammography.

The National Reference Laboratory for Breast Health (NRLBH), a wholly owned subsidiary of Atossa Genetics, Inc., is a CLIA-certified high-complexity molecular diagnostic laboratory located in Seattle, Washington.

For additional information on Atossa and the ForeCYTE test, please visit http://www.atossagenetics.com.

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WALTHAM, Mass.--(BUSINESS WIRE)--

Interleukin Genetics, Inc. (ILIU) will host a conference call and Webcast today at 4:30 p.m. (EDT) to provide a corporate update and discuss the Companys first quarter results.

As reported previously this week, Interleukin has raised $12 million through a private placement of its securities. The financing was comprised of new investors led by Bay City Capital with participation from NEA and Merlin Nexus. Dayton Misfeldt and Lionel Carnot, Investment Partners at Bay City Capital, have joined Interleukins Board of Directors.

We are excited to support Interleukin Genetics in the commercialization of its PST genetic test for periodontal disease susceptibility, said Dayton Misfeldt. Important new scientific evidence emerging on the value of the IL-1 genetic test for periodontitis risk should enable Interleukin to widely distribute the PST test and its personalized health approach to dentistry which will assist dentists in providing the care their patients need, added Lionel Carnot.

Interleukin Genetics intends to use the net proceeds from the private placement primarily to move its currently validated molecular diagnostic tests, most immediately the test for predicting periodontitis progression and severity(PST), into broad commercialization.

We are very pleased to have the support of outstanding life science investors such as Bay City Capital, NEA, and Merlin, said Dr. Kenneth Kornman, Chief Executive Officer of Interleukin Genetics. The new financing will allow us to rapidly move to commercialize the emerging evidence that shows the value of PST in guiding better oral health and the optimal use of preventive resources for adult periodontitis, one of the most common chronic diseases of aging.

Conference Call Information

Interleukin will host a conference call and Webcast today at 4:30 p.m. (EDT) to provide a corporate update and discuss the Companys first quarter results. To access the live call, dial 877-324-1976 (domestic) or 631-291-4550 (international). The live Webcast and replay access of the teleconference will be available on the Investors section of Interleukin Genetics, Inc.s Website at http://www.ilgenetics.com.

About Interleukin Genetics, Inc.

Interleukin Genetics, Inc. (ILIU) develops and markets a line of genetic tests under the Inherent Health and PST brands.The products empower individuals to prevent certain chronic conditions and manage their existing health and wellness through genetic-based insights with actionable guidance. Interleukin Genetics leverages its research, intellectual property and genetic panel development expertise in metabolism and inflammation to facilitate the emerging personalized healthcare market. The Company markets its tests through partnerships with health and wellness companies, healthcare professionals and other distribution channels. Interleukin Genetics flagship products include its proprietary PST genetic risk panel for periodontal disease and tooth loss susceptibility sold through dentists and the Inherent Health Weight Management Genetic Test that identifies the most effective diet and exercise program for an individual based on genetics. Interleukin Genetics is headquartered in Waltham, Mass. and operates an on-site, state-of-the-art DNA testing laboratory certified under the Clinical Laboratory Improvement Amendments (CLIA). For more information, please visit http://www.ilgenetics.com.

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FAQ: Is Cell Therapy an outpatient procedure

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Italian lawmakers on Wednesday gave their final approval to a law that allows limited use of a controversial type of stem cell therapy which has been condemned by many scientists but has given hope to families of terminally-ill children.

The law gives the go-ahead for therapy being carried out by the Stamina Foundation on dozens of patients to continue, and allows for an 18-month period of clinical trials for the procedure, which had previously been blocked by Italian authorities.

The bill was amended from an earlier version and states the therapy must be carried out under regulatory oversight and using cells made according to the Good Manufacturing Practice (GMP) which the Stamina Foundation has not adhered to.

The Stamina Foundation says its treatment is based on mesenchymal stem cells and could treat diseases like spinal cord injury and motor neurone disease.

But leading scientists have warned that there is no evidence to suggest the treatment could work and no way to know that it will not cause harm.

Umberto Galderisi from the University of Naples and president of Stem Cell Italy, is among critics of the bill.

He said the clinical trials would "never have been allowed" if scientific accepted practice had been followed.

"This is legislating on the basis of public opinion. It means exploiting suffering. Patients are not lab rats," he told AFP, adding there were "no scientific certainties" the therapy could work.

"We do not want Italy to become one of those countries like China or Ukraine where there are untested scientific trials," he said.

Patients lobbied for the therapy to be given the go-ahead, receiving support from various celebrities including actress Gina Lollobrigida.

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NEW YORK, May 22, 2013 /PRNewswire/ -- Reportlinker.com announces that a new market research report is available in its catalogue:

Molecular Diagnostics in Cancer Testing http://www.reportlinker.com/p0171427/Molecular-Diagnostics-in-Cancer-Testing.html#utm_source=prnewswire&utm_medium=pr&utm_campaign=In_Vitro_Diagnostic

Molecular diagnostics is a rapidly-advancing area of research and medicine, with new technologies and applications being continually added. The technologies that come under the umbrella of molecular diagnostics include first-generation amplification, DNA probes, fluorescent in-situ hybridization (FISH), second-generation biochips and microfluidics, next-generation signal detection, biosensors and molecular labels, and gene expression profiling using microarrays. These technologies are improving the discovery of therapeutic molecules for cancer, the screening, diagnosis and classification of cancer patients, and the optimization of drug therapy.

This TriMark Publications report describes the specific segment of the in vitro diagnostics (IVD) market known as molecular diagnostics (MD), with a specialization in the MD tests for cancer. In the current medical diagnostics market, molecular diagnostics for cancer testing offers one of the brightest areas for growth and innovation. The confluence of breakthroughs in genomics, proteomics, and the development of microarray devices to measure analytes in the blood and various body tissues, has led to this revolutionary market segment offering the power of advanced analytical techniques to the diagnosis and treatment of cancer. This report analyzes the size and growth of the molecular diagnostics market in its applications for cancer detection and therapy, examining the factors that influence the various market segments and the dollar volume of sales, both in the United States and worldwide.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

1. Overview 9 1.1 Statement of Report 9 1.2 About This Report 9 1.3 Scope of the Report 10 1.4 Objectives 10 1.5 Methodology 10 1.6 Executive Summary 12

2. Introduction to Molecular Diagnostics 18 2.1 Opening-up of Opportunities in Molecular Diagnostics 18 2.2 Impact of the Human Genome Project on Molecular Diagnostics 20 2.3 Considerations for Molecular and Clinical Diagnostics 20 2.4 Molecular Diagnostics in the Post-Genomic Era 23 2.5 Advances in Molecular Diagnostics Technologies 24 2.6 Oligonucleotide Array Platforms 26 2.7 Emerging Cancer Personalized Medicine Market 26 2.7.1 Predictive Cancer Molecular Diagnostics 28 2.8 Companion Tests for Drug Development 29 2.9 Opportunities for IVDMIA Companies 31

3. Cancer Diagnostics Molecular Testing Market 32 3.1 Market Description 36 3.1.1 Market Overview 36 3.1.2 Molecular Diagnostic Markers 37 3.1.3 Competitive Landscape 38 3.1.4 Sales and Marketing Strategies for Cancer Tests 40 3.1.4.1 North American Market 42 3.1.4.2 International Markets 43 3.1.4.3 Europe 43 3.1.4.4 Asia-Pacific 44

4. Molecular Diagnostic Tests for Cancer 45 4.1 Cancer Diagnostic Tests 45 4.1.1 Use of Genomics to Understand Cancer 46 4.1.2 Molecular Diagnostic Tools Solutions 48 4.1.3 Technology of Gene Expression Analysis 50 4.1.3.1 Amplify and Detect Diminished Amounts of RNA Consistently 50 4.1.3.2 Analyze Hundreds of Genes 51 4.1.3.3 Employ Advanced Information Technology 51 4.2 Breast Cancer 53 4.2.1 Cancer Prognostic Assays 55 4.2.1.1 Myriad Genetics (BRACA1 and BRACA2) 56 4.2.1.2 Genomic Health (Oncotype DX) 56 4.2.1.2.1 Single Gene Reporting (ER, PR, HER2) 59 4.2.1.2.2 Node Positive (N+) 59 4.2.1.2.3 Aromatase Inhibitors 60 4.2.1.2.4 Product Development 60 4.2.1.2.5 Product Development Opportunities in Breast Cancer 61 4.2.1.3 InterGenetics, Inc. 61 4.2.1.4 LabCorp (HER-2) 62 4.2.1.5 Clarient, Inc. (GE Healthcare) 64 4.2.1.6 BioTheronostics (AviaraDx) 65 4.2.1.7 Agendia B.V. (MammaPrint) 65 4.2.1.8 Oncogene Science (Wilex) 67 4.2.1.9 Ventana Medical Systems 69 4.2.2 Competition and Comparison of Methods 69 4.2.3 Competitive Structure and Market Share Analysis 70 4.2.3.1 Breast Cancer Molecular Diagnostic Testing Market Size 71 4.2.3.1.1 Global Market 71 4.2.3.1.2 U.S. Market 71 4.2.3.1.3 European Market 72 4.2.3.2 Market Forecasts 73 4.2.3.2.1 Revenue Forecasts 73 4.2.3.3 Market Drivers and Restraints 73 4.2.3.3.1 Market Drivers 73 4.2.3.3.2 Market Restraints 74 4.2.3.4 Breast Cancer Molecular Diagnostic Testing Assay Market and Technology Trends 74 4.2.3.4.1 Breast Cancer Molecular Diagnostic Testing Assay Market Trends 74 4.2.3.4.2 Breast Cancer Molecular Diagnostic Testing Assay Technology Trends 74 4.2.3.4.3 Breast Cancer Testing Assay Strategic Recommendations 74 4.3 Colorectal Cancer Molecular Diagnostics Market 75 4.3.1 Colon Cancer Testing Platforms 77 4.3.1.1 Genomic Testing 77 4.3.1.1.1 IVD Multiplex Index Analysis (MIA) 77 4.3.1.1.2 The BRAF Test 77 4.3.1.1.3 KRAS 78 4.3.1.1.3.1 Background on KRAS Mutation 78 4.3.1.1.4 mSEPT9 82 4.3.1.2 Screening Test 82 4.3.2 Players in the Colorectal Cancer Space 83 4.3.3 Competitive Structure and Market Share Analysis 89 4.3.3.1 Colon Cancer Molecular Diagnostic Testing Market Size 89 4.3.3.1.1 Global Colon Cancer Testing Market 89 4.3.3.1.2 U.S. Colon Cancer Testing Market 90 4.3.3.1.3 European Colon Cancer testing Market 91 4.3.3.2 Market Forecasts 91 4.3.3.2.1 Revenue Forecasts 91 4.3.3.3 Market Drivers and Restraints 92 4.3.3.3.1 Market Drivers 92 4.3.3.3.2 Market Restraints 92 4.3.3.4 Colon Cancer Molecular Diagnostic Testing Assay Market and Technology Trends 92 4.3.3.4.1 Colon Cancer Molecular Diagnostic Testing Assay Market Trends 92 4.3.3.4.2 Colon Cancer Molecular Diagnostic Testing Assay Technology Trends 93 4.3.3.4.3 Colon Cancer Molecular Diagnostic Testing Assay Strategic Recommendations 93 4.4 Prostate Cancer Molecular Diagnostics Market 95 4.4.1 Screening for Prostate Cancer 96 4.4.1.1 PSA Screening Test for Prostate Cancer 96 4.4.1.2 PCA3 Screening Test for Prostate Cancer 97 4.4.1.3 Gen-Probe 99 4.4.1.4 Beckman Coulter (Danaher) Prostate Health Index 101 4.4.1.5 Opko Health 4KScore 101 4.4.1.6 Metabolon Prostarix DRE Urine Test 102 4.4.2 Tests after Positive Biopsy 102 4.2.2.1 Myriad Genetics (Prolaris) 102 4.2.2.2 Genomic Health (Genomic Prostate Score) 102 4.2.2.3 Bostwick Laboratories (ProstaVysion) 103 4.2.2.4 Metamark Genetics (Biopsy Test) 103 4.4.3 Tests After Negative Biopsy 103 4.4.3.1 Mitomics (Prostate Core Test) 103 4.4.3.2 MDxHealth (Confirm MDx) 104 4.4.4 Tests After Surgery 105 4.4.4.1 GenomeDx Sciences (Decipher) 105 4.4.4.2 Iris International (Nadia ProsVue) 105 4.4.5 Competition and Comparison of Methods 105 4.4.6 Competitive Structure and Market Share Analysis 106 4.4.7 Market Drivers and Restraints 107 4.4.7.1 Market Drivers 107 4.4.7.2 Market Restraints 107 4.4.8 Prostate Cancer Molecular Diagnostic Testing Assay Market and Technology Trends 107 4.4.8.1 Prostate Cancer Molecular Diagnostic Testing Assay Market Trends 107 4.4.8.2 Prostate Cancer Molecular Diagnostic Testing Assay Technology Trends 108 4.4.8.3 Prostate Cancer Testing Assay Strategic Recommendations 108 4.5 Other Cancer Molecular Diagnostic Markets 111 4.5.1 Bladder Cancer 111 4.5.2 Ovarian Cancer 111 4.5.2.1 Incidence of Ovarian Cancer 111 4.5.2.2 Key Players in Ovarian Testing market 116 4.5.2.3 Ovarian Cancer Market Size 119 4.5.2.4 Ovarian Cancer Molecular Diagnostic Testing Market Size 119 4.5.2.4.1 Global Ovarian Cancer Testing Market 119 4.5.2.4.2 U.S. Ovarian Cancer Testing Market 120 4.5.2.4.3 European Ovarian Cancer testing Market 121 4.5.2.5 Market Forecasts 121 4.5.2.5.1 Revenue Forecasts 121 4.5.2.6 Market Drivers and Restraints 122 4.5.2.6.1 Market Drivers 122 4.5.2.6.2 Market Restraints 122 4.5.2.7 Ovarian Cancer Molecular Diagnostic Testing Assay Market and Technology Trends 122 4.5.2.7.1 Ovarian Cancer Molecular Diagnostic Testing Assay Market Trends 122 4.5.2.7.2 Ovarian Cancer Molecular Diagnostic Testing Assay Technology Trends 123 4.5.2.7.3 Ovarian Cancer Molecular Diagnostic Testing Assay Strategic Recommendations 123 4.5.3 Lung Cancer 123 4.5.4 Melanoma 130 4.6 Molecular Diagnostic Screening Test for Cancer 131 4.6.1 Extreme Drug Resistance assay (Oncotech EDR Assay) 132 4.6.2 Multidrug Resistance Protein (MRP) 132 4.7 Companion Diagnostic Tests for Cancer Therapeutics 133

5. Business 137 5.1 Technology and Market Trends 137 5.1.1 Technology Trends 138 5.1.2 Market Trends 139 5.2 M&A Activity 141 5.3 Partnerships 144 5.4 Competitive Analysis 147 5.4.1 Primary Competitors 153 5.4.1.1 Summary of Market Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities and Threats 154 5.4.2 Industry Challenges and Strategic Recommendations 155 5.4.3 Commercialization of Molecular Diagnostic Products 155 5.5 SWOT Comparison of Business Models for Cancer Diagnostic Testing 157 5.6 Intellectual Property Rights 173 5.6.1 BRCA1 and BRCA2 Gene Patents 174 5.6.2 Current Patent Disputes 174

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WATERTOWN, Mass.--(BUSINESS WIRE)--

Syros Pharmaceuticals, a newly launched company harnessing breakthroughs in gene control to revolutionize the treatment of cancer and other diseases, announced today that Eric R. Olson, Ph.D., has joined the company as its Chief Scientific Officer. Dr. Olson has over 25 years experience in the life sciences industry, most recently as Research Vice President for respiratory diseases at Vertex Pharmaceuticals. During his 12 years at Vertex he led research, development and commercial teams in bringing to patients the first cystic fibrosis (CF) treatment resulting from discovery of the CF gene.

Eric is of the few people in the biopharma industry who have led programs from conception all the way through development and successful commercialization, said Nancy Simonian, M.D., Syross Chief Executive Officer. The combination of his deep scientific expertise, his understanding for translating science into drugs that actually help people, and his experience creating real value for shareholders is extraordinary. It fits perfectly with Syros' mission.

In addition to his work at Vertex Pharmaceuticals, Dr. Olson has also held positions as the Director of the Antibacterials and Molecular Sciences departments at Warner-Lambert (now Pfizer), as well as a research scientist focused on gene expression systems with The Upjohn Company. Dr. Olson earned his B.S. in microbiology from the University of Minnesota and a Ph.D. in microbiology and immunology from the University of Michigan. He is published in over 40 academic journals.

Syros Pharmaceuticals groundbreaking work in gene control and Super-Enhancers has created a unique, state-of-the-art opportunity to develop novel medicines focused on disease dependency genes, said Dr. Olson. I am excited to lead the scientific efforts at a company conducting this type of innovative research, and look forward to working with Syros experienced management team and renowned scientific advisory board to develop new breakthrough therapies.

About Syros Pharmaceuticals

Syros Pharmaceuticals is a life sciences company harnessing breakthroughs in gene control to revolutionize the treatment of cancer and other diseases. Syros proprietary platform identifies the master switches for disease genes, opening a whole new approach to novel therapeutics. Syros initial focus is in cancer, but the company platform will also be applicable to other therapeutic areas. The Companys founders are pioneers in gene control research and translation. Co-founded and backed by Flagship Ventures and ARCH Venture Partners, Syros Pharmaceuticals is located in Watertown, MA. For more information, visit http://www.syros.com.

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Mitochondria are the cells workhorse, transforming the calories we eat into useable energy. They have also been the subject of lots of scrutiny over longevity, since lifespan is intimately tied up with metabolism. Now a new study reports that mitochondrial malfunction may actually be the key to extending life.

Although loss of mitochondrial function has been associated with increased lifespan in a number of species, the reasons behind this effect have been poorly understood. Its also been known that low levels of stress within a cellfor instance, running on low energycan increase an animals lifespan. Most of these studies have however been done in flies, worms and yeast. Thus a Swiss research team led by Riekelt Houtkooper decided to examine stress and longevity in mice, as well as the worm C. elegans.

In mice, they analyzed a set of related mouse strains that have lots of natural variation in lifespanthey live anywhere from 1 to 2 1/2 years. With genetic tests the researchers were able to pin down three specific genes that seemed to be the key determinants of the mouses lifespan. Mice with lower activity in these genes lived up to 2.5 times longer than those with high activity.

Then, in worms, the researchers artificially damped down the activity of the equivalent genes and observed how long they lived. One gene stuck out as most important: Worms with a dampened mrps-5 gene lived 60 percent longer than normal.

The key, the researchers say, appears to be that loss of mrps-5 causes the mitochondria to send a kind of cellular SOS to the nucleus. The nucleuss response, called the mitochondrial unfolded protein response, is to send out protective proteins.

And fascinatingly, the same mechanism may be behind the touted longevity benefits of red wine and other foods. Rapamycin and resveratrol, two compounds known to play a role in longevity, also activated the mitochondrial unfolded protein response in the worms, the authors report in Nature.

These results thus tie mitochondrial translation and metabolism to natural lifespan regulation across species. The fact that similar mechanisms drive longevity in mice opens the door to investigations of the genes in human longevity, though at the moment most known mitochondrial mutations shorten human life rather than extending it. Still, if the cellular fountain of youth is to be found, this study indicates the mitochondria remains the place to look for it.

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Single Gene Leads to Longer Lifespan Across Species

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FARMINGTON, Conn., May 22, 2013 /PRNewswire-iReach/ -- World markets are constantly changing and developing. To stay aligned with the latest trends and events, companies now need a global business intelligence provider that can predict where an industry is headed next, so that they can adapt, react and evolve.

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Global Information Inc (GII), in partnership with market research publisher GlobalData, offer decision makers and executives integrated business intelligence solutions with reliable analytics and actionable insights from the combined expertise of its over 700 market analysts.

Read about the new titles below or visit our online market research portal to browse and gain quick access to GlobalData's thousands of off-the-shelf research reports.

Predictive Breast Cancer Gene Testing

US Analysis and Market Forecasts

225 Pages | February 2013

This report identifies unmet needs in the US predictive breast cancer gene testing market, physician attitudes towards current gene testing, and the future of gene testing in the face of rapid technological advancement.

Learn more and access the report at http://www.giiresearch.com/report/gd267106-medipoint-predictive-breast-cancer-gene-testing-us.html

Global Oil and Gas Pipelines Industry Outlook 2013

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Adapt, React, Evolve: Staying Ahead in the Breast Cancer Gene Testing, Solar Energy, and Oil & Gas Markets with ...

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Public release date: 22-May-2013 [ | E-mail | Share ]

Contact: Michael Bernstein m_bernstein@acs.org 202-872-6042 American Chemical Society

A new, streamlined approach to genetic engineering drastically reduces the time and effort needed to insert new genes into bacteria, the workhorses of biotechnology, scientists are reporting. Published in the journal ACS Synthetic Biology, the method paves the way for more rapid development of designer microbes for drug development, environmental cleanup and other activities.

Keith Shearwin and colleagues explain that placing, or integrating, a piece of the genetic material DNA into a bacterium's genome is critical for making designer bacteria. That DNA can give microbes the ability to churn out ingredients for medication, for instance, or substances that break down oil after a big spill. But current genetic engineering methods are time-consuming and involve many steps. The approaches have other limitations as well. To address those drawbacks, the researchers sought to develop a new, one-step genetic engineering technology, which they named "clonetegration," a reference to clones or copies of genes or DNA fragments.

They describe development and successful laboratory tests of clonetegration in E. coli and Salmonella typhimurium bacteria, which are used in biotechnology. The method is quick, efficient and easy to do and can integrate multiple genes at the same time. They predict that clonetegration "will become a valuable technique facilitating genetic engineering with difficult-to-clone sequences and rapid construction of synthetic biological systems."

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The authors acknowledge funding from the China Scholarship Council, the National Science Foundation Synthetic Biology Engineering Research Center, the Human Frontier Science Program, the Australian Research Council and a William H. Elliott Biochemistry Fellowship.

The American Chemical Society is a nonprofit organization chartered by the U.S. Congress. With more than 163,000 members, ACS is the world's largest scientific society and a global leader in providing access to chemistry-related research through its multiple databases, peer-reviewed journals and scientific conferences. Its main offices are in Washington, D.C., and Columbus, Ohio.

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Fast new, 1-step genetic engineering technology

Recommendation and review posted by Bethany Smith

May 22, 2013 A new, streamlined approach to genetic engineering drastically reduces the time and effort needed to insert new genes into bacteria, the workhorses of biotechnology, scientists are reporting. Published in the journal ACS Synthetic Biology, the method paves the way for more rapid development of designer microbes for drug development, environmental cleanup and other activities.

Keith Shearwin and colleagues explain that placing, or integrating, a piece of the genetic material DNA into a bacterium's genome is critical for making designer bacteria. That DNA can give microbes the ability to churn out ingredients for medication, for instance, or substances that break down oil after a big spill. But current genetic engineering methods are time-consuming and involve many steps. The approaches have other limitations as well. To address those drawbacks, the researchers sought to develop a new, one-step genetic engineering technology, which they named "clonetegration," a reference to clones or copies of genes or DNA fragments.

They describe development and successful laboratory tests of clonetegration in E. coli and Salmonella typhimurium bacteria, which are used in biotechnology. The method is quick, efficient and easy to do and can integrate multiple genes at the same time. They predict that clonetegration "will become a valuable technique facilitating genetic engineering with difficult-to-clone sequences and rapid construction of synthetic biological systems."

The authors acknowledge funding from the China Scholarship Council, the National Science Foundation Synthetic Biology Engineering Research Center, the Human Frontier Science Program, the Australian Research Council and a William H. Elliott Biochemistry Fellowship.

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Fast new, one-step genetic engineering technology

Recommendation and review posted by Bethany Smith

Public release date: 22-May-2013 [ | E-mail | Share ]

Contact: e.lowry@qmul.ac.uk e.lowry@qmul.ac.uk 020-788-25378 Queen Mary, University of London

Researchers from Queen Mary, University of London have led the largest sequencing study of human disease to date, investigating the genetic basis of six autoimmune diseases.

The exact cause of these diseases autoimmune thyroid disease, coeliac disease, Crohn's disease, psoriasis, multiple sclerosis and type 1 diabetes is unknown, but is believed to be a complex combination of genetic and environmental factors. In each disease only aproportion of the heritability is explained by the identifiedgenetic variants. The techniques used to date, have generally identified common (in the population) variants of weak effect.

In this study, using high-throughput sequencing techniques,a global team of scientistssought to identify new variants, including rare and potentially high risk ones, in 25 previously identified risk genes in a sample of nearly 42,000 individuals (24,892 with autoimmune disease and 17,019 controls).

It has been suggested in the 'rare-variant synthetic genome-wide association hypothesis' that a small number of rare variants in risk genes are likely to be a major cause of the heritability of these conditions.

However, the study published today in the journal Nature, suggests that the genetic risk of these diseasesmore likely involves a complex combination of hundreds of weak-effect variants which are each common in the population.

The authors estimate that rare variants in these risk genes account for only around three per cent of the heritability of these conditions that can be explained by common variants.

David van Heel, Professor of Gastrointestinal Genetics at Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry at Queen Mary and director of the Barts and The London Genome Centre, led the study. He said: "These results suggests that risk for these autoimmune diseases is not due to a few high-risk genetic variations but seems rather due to a random selection frommany common genetic variants which each have a weak effect.

"For each disease there are probably hundreds such variants and the genetic risk is likely to come from inheriting a large number of these variants from both parents. If this is the case then it maynever be possible to accurately predict an individual's genetic risk of these common autoimmune diseases. However, the results do provide important information about the biological basis of these conditions and the pathways involved, which could lead to the identification new drug targets."

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Researchers complete largest genetic sequencing study of human disease

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May 22, 2013 Researchers from Queen Mary, University of London have led the largest sequencing study of human disease to date, investigating the genetic basis of six autoimmune diseases.

The exact cause of these diseases -- autoimmune thyroid disease, celiac disease, Crohn's disease, psoriasis, multiple sclerosis and type 1 diabetes- is unknown, but is believed to be a complex combination of genetic and environmental factors. In each disease only a proportion of the heritability is explained by the identified genetic variants. The techniques used to date, have generally identified common (in the population) variants of weak effect.

In this study, using high-throughput sequencing techniques, a global team of scientists sought to identify new variants, including rare and potentially high risk ones, in 25 previously identified risk genes in a sample of nearly 42,000 individuals (24,892 with autoimmune disease and 17,019 controls).

It has been suggested -- in the 'rare-variant synthetic genome-wide association hypothesis' -- that a small number of rare variants in risk genes are likely to be a major cause of the heritability of these conditions. However, the study published today in the journal Nature, suggests that the genetic risk of these diseases more likely involves a complex combination of hundreds of weak-effect variants which are each common in the population.

The authors estimate that rare variants in these risk genes account for only around three per cent of the heritability of these conditions that can be explained by common variants.

David van Heel, Professor of Gastrointestinal Genetics at Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry at Queen Mary and director of the Barts and The London Genome Centre, led the study. He said: "These results suggests that risk for these autoimmune diseases is not due to a few high-risk genetic variations but seems rather due to a random selection from many common genetic variants which each have a weak effect.

"For each disease there are probably hundreds such variants and the genetic risk is likely to come from inheriting a large number of these variants from both parents. If this is the case then it may never be possible to accurately predict an individual's genetic risk of these common autoimmune diseases. However, the results do provide important information about the biological basis of these conditions and the pathways involved, which could lead to the identification new drug targets."

The research utilised high-throughput sequencing techniques performed at the Barts and The London Genome Centre and demonstrated for the first time that the sequencing can call genotypes as accurately as 'gold standard techniques' such as genotyping array platforms. Additional laboratory work was carried out at the Blizard institute at Queen Mary.

Professor Richard Trembath, Vice Principal and Executive Dean for Health at Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary, and a co-author on the paper said: "The results prompt a re-assessment of the genetic architecture that determines risk for development of common auto-immune disorders and will fuel future careful assessment of regions of the human genome beyond those presently known to confer susceptibility to these important medical conditions."

This study was primarily funded by the Medical Research Council with additional funding from Coeliac UK.

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Largest genetic sequencing study of human disease

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Washington, May 22 (ANI): Researchers have found that an important genetic risk factor for pulmonary fibrosis can be used to identify individuals at risk for this deadly lung disease.

The team including physicians and scientists at the University of Colorado School of Medicine looked at a fairly common variant of the gene for mucin-5B, a protein that is a component of the mucous produced by the bronchial tubes. While this variant of the MUC5B gene is fairly common, pulmonary fibrosis is an uncommonly reported disease.

In a review of CT scans of more than 2,600 adults who did not have a clinical diagnosis of pulmonary fibrosis, researchers found imaging evidence of lung inflammation and scarring in about 9 percent of those over age 50. In this age group, these abnormal findings on CT scans were significantly more common among the 21 percent people with the MUC5B genetic variant.

Importantly, definite lung fibrosis seen on CT scan was strongly associated with the MUC5B genetic variant. While these abnormalities do not necessarily indicate a disease that will progress, the presence of these abnormalities were associated with more shortness of breath and cough as well as smaller lung sizes and ability to transfer oxygen.

The findings suggest that pulmonary fibrosis, which is a condition where lung tissue becomes thickened, stiff and scarred, may be a part of a much more common, but likely less severe, syndrome and could potentially be predicted on the basis of the MUC5B genetic variant.

A paper describing the finding was recently published in the New England Journal of Medicine.

Twenty-one authors shared credit for the paper, including researchers from Brigham and Women's Hospital and Boston University. (ANI)

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Genetic risk factor for pulmonary fibrosis identified

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