In a First, Scientists Say They’ve Partially Reversed a Cellular Aging Process in Humans – ScienceAlert
Posted: November 20, 2020 at 5:57 pm
Every time a cell inside your body replicates, a slither of your youth crumbles to dust. This occurs via the shortening oftelomeres, structures that 'cap' the tips of our chromosomes.
Now, scientists in Israel say they've been able to reverse this process and extend the length of telomeres in a small study involving 26 patients.
The participants sat in a hyperbaric oxygen chamber for five 90 minutes sessions per week over three months, and as a result, some of their cell's telomeres were extended by up to 20 percent.
It's an impressive claim - and something many other researchers have attempted in the past without success. But of course it's worth flagging that this is a small sample size, and the results will need to be replicated before we can get too excited.
However, the fact that hyperbaric oxygen therapy appears to affect telomere length is a compelling link worth investigating further.
Lead researcher Shair Efrati, a physician from the Faculty of Medicine and Sagol School of Neuroscience at Tel Aviv University, explained to ScienceAlert how the inspiration behind their experiment was somewhat out of this world.
"After the twin experiment done by NASA, where one of the twins was sent out to the outer space and the other stayed on Earth, demonstrated a significant difference in their telomere length we have realised that changes in the outside environment may affect the core cellular changes that happens along ageing," said Efrati.
Telomeres are repeating chunks of code that act as the DNA equivalent of the plastic or metal aglet capping the end of a shoelace.
They copy themselves along with the rest of the chromosomes whenever a cell divides. Yet with every replication, tiny fragments of code from the very tip of the sequence fail to make it into the new copy, leaving the freshly minted chromosome a touch shorter than its predecessor.
As anybody who has lost the cap of their shoelace knows, it doesn't take long for the shoelace to lose its integrity. Similarly, shorter telomeres put sequences further down the chromosome at higher risk of hazardous mutations.
These mutations coincide with changes that predispose us to a bunch of age-related conditions, not least of all diseases such as cancer.
That's not necessarily to say that we age because our telomeres shrink, but there is a connection between telomere length and health that researchers are keen to investigate further.
"Longer telomeres correlates with better cellular performance," Efriti explained.
There are plenty of ways to accelerate the erosion of our telomeres. Failing to get adequate sleepcould do it, as might chowing down on too much processed food, and maybe even having kids.
Slowing down the loss takes a bit more effort, but engaging in regular exercise and eating well are sound bets if you want your chromosomes to remain as long as possible.
A real achievement would be to flip our chromosomal hourglass completely and return lost sections of telomere. The fact that high-turnover tissues lining our gut do this naturally using an enzyme called telomerase has fuelled research over the years.
There have been plenty of milestones in attempts to achieve this task. Gene therapy in mice has shown it could one day be feasible in humans. More recently, stem cells from a supercentenarian woman had their telomeres completely reset outside of her body.
Some studies have found potential for tiny increases of maybe a few percent with provision ofnutritional supplementssuch asvitamin D.
But while there are plenty of hyped promises of reversing aging in living humans already on the market, the reality of science-backed therapies we can use to give us the telomeres of a 20-year-old has been underwhelming.
Which is why the latest study is attracting so much attention. Far from a measly two or three percent, this latest study found telomeres in white blood cells taken from 26 subjects had regained around a fifth of their lost length.
The key, it seems, is hyperbaric oxygen therapy (HBOT) the absorbing of pure oxygen while sitting in a pressurised chamber for extensive periods; in this case, five 90 minute sessions per week over three months.
HBOT has attracted controversy in the past for claims it could treat a range of conditions.It's usually the kind of therapy you'd give a diver who came up too fast from the ocean depths, or to kill off oxygen-sensitive microbes in a wound that just won't heal any other way.
But oxygen-rich environments are also behind a weird paradox, one where the body desperately stirs up a host of genetic and molecular changes that typically occur in a low oxygen one.
In this study, the researchers were able to show that the genetic changes provoked by the HBOT has extended telomeres, and also had a potentially positive effect on the health of the tissues themselves.
A slightly smaller sample of volunteers also showed a significant decrease in the number of senescentT cells, tissues that form a vital part of our immune system's targeted response against invaders.
Whether you'd sit in a small tank every day for a quarter of a year is a matter of preference, but future research could help make the whole process a touch more efficient, at least for some.
"Once we have demonstrated the reverse ageing effect on the study cohort using predefined HBOT protocol, further studies are needed in order to optimise the specific protocol per individual," Efrati told ScienceAlert.
In a press release from The Sagol Center for Hyperbaric Medicine and Research, Efrati says understanding telomere shortening is "considered the 'Holy Grail' of the biology of aging".
As significant as telomere shrinking seems to be, the failure of our biology as we age is no doubt a complicated matter involving far more than lost pieces of chromosomes.
Reactivation of telomerase is also a trick used by cancers to remain ahead of the growth-curve, making this holy grail a potentially poisoned chalice we need to understand better before drinking too heavily from.
Excitingly, research like this will help us develop a better picture of the aging process.
This research was published in Aging.
- This Pitt program is leveling up the gene therapy workforce in Pittsburgh - University of Pittsburgh - March 12th, 2024
- Opinion | Banning Gain-of-Function Research Would Do Far More Harm Than Good - Medpage Today - March 12th, 2024
- The Biggest Challenges Facing Broader Adoption of Novel Cell and Gene Therapies - Pharmaceutical Executive - March 12th, 2024
- Research and development areas of focus - Bristol Myers Squibb - March 4th, 2024
- Overcoming the challenges of gene therapy - Drug Discovery News - March 4th, 2024
- Breakthrough Gene Therapy for LHON: Vision Restoration in Focus at Medical Conference - BNN Breaking - March 4th, 2024
- Revolutionizing Healthcare: Global Gene Therapy Market Surges to US$ 3.44 Billion by 2022 As Revealed In Ne... - WhaTech - March 4th, 2024
- Looking to the future of clinical trials: Gene therapy, precision medicine, and the ongoing quest for rare disease solutions - pharmaphorum - March 4th, 2024
- Complement system response to AAV vector gene therapy - EurekAlert - February 23rd, 2024
- 10 gene therapy companies you should know about - Labiotech.eu - February 23rd, 2024
- Fetal surgery expert Tippi MacKenzie shifts to in-utero gene therapy - STAT - February 23rd, 2024
- Rejuvenate Bio Announces Gene Therapy-Mediated Partial Reprogramming Extends Lifespan and Reverses Age ... - Business Wire - February 23rd, 2024
- Combatting HIV using gene therapy - Drug Target Review - February 23rd, 2024
- Expanding the Horizons of Cell and Gene Therapy - RegMedNet - February 23rd, 2024
- Global Advanced Therapy Medicinal Products CDMO Market Analysis Report 2024-2030: : Increasing Investment and ... - Yahoo Finance UK - February 23rd, 2024
- 2023 gene therapy research STAR Grant winners announced - Pacific Biosciences - February 13th, 2024
- Lifetime Cost of DEB Gene Therapy Could Be $15-$22 Million - Medscape - February 13th, 2024
- 5 Things Youll Learn in Frederick Community Colleges New Cell and Gene Therapy Essentials Certificate ... - BioBuzz - February 13th, 2024
- Regenxbios investigational gene therapy shows promise in Hunter syndrome - PMLiVE - February 13th, 2024
- Topical Gene Therapy Effective in Treating Debilitating Eye Condition - InventUM - University of Miami - February 13th, 2024
- Bayer Says First Patient Randomized In Askbio Phase II Gene Therapy Trial - XM - February 13th, 2024
- Top 3 grants in regenerative medicine: January 2024 - RegMedNet - February 13th, 2024
- Realistic Expectations, Limitations With Gene Therapy for Parkinson Disease: Ignacio Mata, PhD - Neurology Live - February 5th, 2024
- Gene-Based Therapy May Slow Development of Life-Threatening Heart Condition - NYU Langone Health - February 5th, 2024
- After Promising Early Efficacy, Eli Lilly Eager to Study Hearing Loss Gene Therapy in More Children - precisionmedicineonline.com - February 5th, 2024
- Gene therapy hailed as medical magic wand for hereditary swelling disorder - The Guardian - February 5th, 2024
- France Approves Gene Therapy Clinical Trial to Treat Hearing Loss in Children - The Hearing Review - February 5th, 2024
- Early Trial Success for Inherited Deafness Gene-Therapy - RegMedNet - February 5th, 2024
- Can gene therapy be the key to restoring hearing loss? - Labiotech.eu - February 5th, 2024
- Jaguar Gene Therapy Announces FDA Clearance of IND to Study JAG201 in a Genetic Form of Autism Spectrum ... - Business Wire - February 5th, 2024
- FDA inspection clears Abeona's gene therapy BLA By Investing.com - Investing.com - February 5th, 2024
- Hearing Restored in Deaf Children in Gene Therapy Clinical Trial - Securities.io - February 5th, 2024
- Experimental gene therapy allows kids with inherited deafness to hear - The Associated Press - January 28th, 2024
- Children with genetic deafness have hearing restored with gene therapy: Study - ABC News - January 28th, 2024
- Positive Phase 1/2 Clinical Trial Data for an Investigational Gene Therapy for Genetic Hearing Loss to be Presented at ... - Investors | Eli Lilly and... - January 28th, 2024
- UChicago Medicine among the first in the country to offer newly approved sickle cell gene therapies - UChicago Medicine - January 28th, 2024
- Gene Therapy Allows an 11-Year-Old Boy to Hear for the First Time - The New York Times - January 28th, 2024
- Gene therapy restores hearing in children with hereditary deafness - EurekAlert - January 28th, 2024
- Experimental gene therapy helps treat kids with inherited hearing loss - CBS News - January 28th, 2024
- Children's Hospital of Philadelphia Performs First in U.S. Gene Therapy Procedure to Treat Genetic Hearing Loss - PR Newswire - January 28th, 2024
- Gene Therapy Brings Hearing to Kids With Congenital Deafness - U.S. News & World Report - January 28th, 2024
- Gene Therapy Restores Hearing in Small Trial for Kids With Hereditary Deafness - Technology Networks - January 28th, 2024
- Cell Therapies on Ice: Seven Trends in Cryopreservation To Enable Cell and Gene Therapy Research - Technology Networks - January 28th, 2024
- Gene Therapy Brings Hearing to Kids With Congenital Deafness - HealthDay - January 28th, 2024
- Gene therapies restore hearing in several kids with inherited deafness - Livescience.com - January 28th, 2024
- 11-Year-Old Boy Hears For First Time Ever Thanks To Gene Therapy Breakthrough - IFLScience - January 28th, 2024
- Innovative Gene Therapy Restores Hearing In Deaf Child, Offering Potential Cure - Study Finds - January 28th, 2024
- Sound of Success, Gene Therapy Breakthrough Grants Hearing to Deaf Children in China-Harvard Study - Hoodline - January 28th, 2024
- Perspectives in FTD Research Webinar: Gene Therapy for FTD -- What Do I Need to Know? | AFTD - AFTD - January 20th, 2024
- UK leads the way in cell and gene therapy - Research Professional News - January 20th, 2024
- Charles River's (CRL) New Launch to Boost Gene Therapy Programs - Yahoo Finance - January 20th, 2024
- UK maintains status as an attractive destination for advanced therapy clinical trials - BioPharma-Reporter.com - January 20th, 2024
- Understanding the impact of AI on the advancement of gene therapy development - pharmaphorum - January 20th, 2024
- Gene therapy TSHA-102 delivered to 1st child in REVEAL trial - Rett Syndrome News - January 20th, 2024
- AAV Vectors in Gene Therapy Market is Predicted to Observe Skyrocketed Growth During the Study Period (2019-2032 ... - PR Newswire - January 20th, 2024
- Family pins hopes on gene therapy - The Recorder and Times - January 20th, 2024
- Arbor, 4DMT partner on new gene therapies in ALS, other diseases - ALS News Today - January 11th, 2024
- The year of gene therapy? FDA's Marks calls for solutions to regulatory, manufacturing challenges - BioWorld Online - January 11th, 2024
- Gene Therapy Approvals Expected to Ramp Up in 2024 Amid Manufacturing, Cost Challenges - BioSpace - January 11th, 2024
- Turning On Gene Therapy with the pA Regulator - RegMedNet - January 11th, 2024
- Revolutionizing Healthcare: Gene Therapy Market Projected to Reach USD 46.5 billion by 2030 at a 22. - PharmiWeb.com - January 11th, 2024
- Regeneron CEO Reveals the Game-Changing Potential of Gene Therapy in Biotech! - BioTecNika - January 11th, 2024
- Bayer's AskBio checks off another early win for gene therapy platform with Parkinson's safety data - FierceBiotech - January 11th, 2024
- Are Rare Brain Diseases the Next Commercial Frontier for Gene Therapy? - MedCity News - January 3rd, 2024
- Novartis, Voyager Ink Up-to-$1.3B Expansion of Neuro Gene Therapy Collaboration - Genetic Engineering & Biotechnology News - January 3rd, 2024
- Novel switch turns genes on/off on cue, a promising step toward safer gene therapy - Phys.org - January 3rd, 2024
- Which Therapeutic Areas Experts Think Will Gain Traction In 2024 - Clinical Leader - January 3rd, 2024
- Voyager Therapeutics and Novartis Announce Major Licensing Deal in Gene Therapy Field - Medriva - January 3rd, 2024
- We Are About to Enter the Golden Age of Gene Therapy - Inverse - January 3rd, 2024
- Revolutionizing Gene Therapy: Baylor Researchers Develop RNA-Based Switch for Therapeutic Protein Control - BNN Breaking - January 3rd, 2024
- Casgevy and Lyfgenia: Two Gene Therapies Approved for Sickle Cell Disease - Yale Medicine - December 25th, 2023
- Top story: Family connects with researchers behind Canavan gene therapy - UMass Medical School - December 25th, 2023
- Excision Bio Seeks to Suppress HIV Replication With CRISPR Gene Therapy - AJMC.com Managed Markets Network - December 25th, 2023
- Hemgenix Gene Therapy Shows Long-Term Efficacy, Safety in Hemophilia B Patients - Managed Healthcare Executive - December 25th, 2023
- The missing piece of the puzzle - EUobserver - December 25th, 2023
- Brace yourselves for these trends in clinical research in 2024 - Labiotech.eu - December 25th, 2023
- RegMedNet's 2023 remix: top content of the year - RegMedNet - December 25th, 2023
- BU Researchers Helped Develop the First FDA-Approved Gene Therapies to Treat Sickle Cell Disease - Boston University - December 16th, 2023
- Research discovers that mice possess a natural gene therapy system - Phys.org - December 16th, 2023
- Cell- and gene-therapy hub bound for Lake Success; New York to invest up to $150 million - Newsday - December 16th, 2023