Public release date: 15-Aug-2012 [ | E-mail | Share ]

Contact: Mary Jane Gore mary.gore@duke.edu 919-660-1309 Duke University Medical Center

DURHAM, N.C. Researchers at Duke University Medical Center may finally have discovered why people with sickle cell disease get milder cases of malaria than individuals who have normal red blood cells.

In a finding that has eluded scientists for years, Duke researchers discovered that genetic material in red blood cells may help alter parasite activity via a novel mechanism that alters parasite gene regulation.

"One of the most interesting findings in our study is that the human microRNA (very small units of genetic material) found in sickle red cells directly participate in the gene regulation of malaria parasites," said Dr. Jen-Tsan Chi, M.D., Ph.D., senior author and associate professor in the Duke Institute for Genome Sciences and Policy and Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology. "These microRNAs enriched in the sickle red cells reduce the parasite's ability to propagate, so that certain people stay more protected."

MicroRNAs are small units of RNA, which come from DNA. MicroRNAs are only 20-25 nucleotides long and help to regulate gene expression.

The scientists also showed that when two different microRNAs were introduced at higher levels in normal red cells, the parasite growth also was decreased.

The findings appear in the journal Cell Host and Microbe.

"This finding should lead to greater understanding of the host-parasite interaction and parasite lifecycle, which may eventually develop into a new approach to therapy for malaria, which up to 500 million people develop each year worldwide," Chi said.

Every year about 1.5 to 3 million people die from the disease, most of them children, according to the World Health Organization (WHO). Between 1,000 and 2,000 cases occur in the United States.

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Duke scientists discover genetic material in blood cells that may affect malaria parasites

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