Archive for the ‘Hormone Clinic’ Category

Unexplained weight loss: 5 reasons youre losing weight without trying; when to see a doctor  |  Photo Credit: Getty Images

New Delhi: Many people who want to get fitter and leaner find it hard to shed those extra pounds. On the other hand, there are some people who have unexplained weight loss, which can be a cause for concern. While the benefits of maintaining a healthy weight go far beyond improved health and appearance, losing weight without trying may signal an underlying condition. Health experts warned that unintentional weight loss can be a symptom of a serious illness, including heart failure, diabetes or cancer.

Anybody can experience unexplained weight loss especially after a life-changing or stressful event. But, in older people, losing weight of even less than 5 per cent of the body weight or 10 pounds may indicate that something isnt just right, as per Cleveland Clinic. Below are some reasons why unexplained weight loss could be a serious problem.

Congestive heart failure

Weight loss can be a sign of congestive heart failure (CHF), a condition in which the heart cant pump enough blood and oxygen to the bodys tissues. Heart failure is associated with weight loss as the inflammation in the damaged heart tissue can also increase the bodys metabolism. Other symptoms of CHFinclude:

Diabetes

Often people with type 1 diabetes, prior to diagnosis, have unexplained weight loss - although it can also affect people with type 2 diabetes. According to the Diabetes.co.uk, insufficient insulin stops the body from getting glucose from the blood and into the cells of the body to use as energy. Hence, the body begins to burn fat and muscle for energy, which leads to a reduction in overall body weight. Other symptoms of type 1 diabetes are:

Cancer

Unexplained weight loss of 10 pounds or more could be one of the first signs of cancer, as per the American Cancer Society. In fact, 40% of people experienced weight loss when first diagnosed with cancer, a group of diseases that cause abnormal cells to divide and spread uncontrollably, destroying body tissue. Unusual weight loss is common especially in cancers of the pancreas, lung, stomach, and oesophagus. Other early symptoms of cancer include -

Hyperthyroidism

Hyperthyroidism, or overactive thyroid, is a condition in which your thyroid gland produces too much of thyroxine, a hormone secreted by the thyroid gland into the bloodstream. It can accelerate your bodys metabolism, causing your body to burn calories quickly despite having a good appetite. This can result in unintentional weight loss. Other symptoms of an overactive thyroid include:

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

COPD is an umbrella term used to describe chronic inflammatory lung diseases such as emphysema and chronic bronchitis, causing obstructed airflow from the lungs. And that effort to breathe burns a lot of calories - way more than someone with healthy lungs, Albert Rizzo, MD, chief of pulmonary and critical care medicine at Christiana Care Health System, told WebMD. The Cleveland Clinic said damaged lungs can burn as much as 10 times more calories than normal, healthy lungs, which can lead to unintentional weight loss.

Other symptoms of COPD include:

Apart from this, there are many other health conditions that can cause unusual weight loss such as - tuberculosis, inflammatory bowel disease, rheumatoid arthritis, depression, etc.

The fact is its quite normal for anybody to experience weight fluctuations. However, if youre losing weight without changing your habits or trying through diet/exercise, it may signal something more serious. It is advisable to seek medical help if a person is experiencing a 5% weight loss of their body weight in 6-12 months.

Disclaimer: Tips and suggestions mentioned in the article are for general information purposes only and should not be construed as professional medical advice. Always consult your doctor or a professional healthcare provider if you have any specific questions about any medical matter.

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Losing weight not always good, could be a sign of ailment- when to see a doctor - Times Now

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The Global Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients (API) Market Is Classified On The Basis Of User/Application: Vitamin, Antibiotics, Antipyretic & Analgesic, Hormone, Amino Acid, Nervus Centralis, Others

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Table of Contents Introduction of Global Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients (API) Product Overview and Scope of Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients (API) Classification of Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients (API) by Product Category Global Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients (API) Market by Application/End Users Global Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients (API) Market by Region Global Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients (API) Market Competition by Players/Suppliers Global Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients (API) Sales (Volume) and Revenue (Value) by Region (2013-2018) Global Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients (API) Sales (Volume) and Revenue (Value) by Type [Hospital, Clinic, Others] (Product Category) (2013-2018) Global Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients (API) Sales (Volume) by Application i.e. Vitamin, Antibiotics, Antipyretic & Analgesic, Hormone, Amino Acid, Nervus Centralis, Others (2013-2018) Global Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients (API) Players/Suppliers Profiles and Sales Data Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients (API) Manufacturing Cost Analysis Industrial Chain, Sourcing Strategy and Downstream Buyers Marketing Strategy Analysis, Distributors/Traders Market Effect Factors Analysis Market Size (Value and Volume) Forecast (2018-2025) Research Findings and Conclusion Appendix

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Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients (API) Market Next Big Thing | Major Giants DSM, Novartis, Roche, Johnson & Johnson - Industry News Stock

We often complain about our body fat, especially if it is hard to lose. In our complaining, we fail to realize that body fat is needed for the human body to regulate several bodily functions. Fat cells can be found in the arms, thighs, buttocks, and in the belly surrounding the organs. These fat cells are located in these areas of the body storing energy to be used at a later time. More than that our body fat is needed to absorb the fat-soluble vitamins A, D, E, and K. Also, what most people dont know is that having a healthy amount of body fat is required for blood sugar regulation. Body fat is also needed for the regulation of human growth hormone. Having a healthy amount of body is important for the human body. Then again, for every benefit of body fat, there is a health risk. According to the American Council on Exercise, having a body fat percentage higher than the recommended range could put a person at risk for over half a dozen health conditions. That is why it is important to lose excess body fat reducing the chances of developing a health condition. However, for some this can be easier said than done as body fat is not always easy to lose. By eating smart, balancing your hormones, and making behavioral changes it can be possible to lose body fat when previous methods have failed.

When losing weight is presenting as a challenge there are 5 scientifically proven ways that can help by reducing body fat. By employing these practices long-term it is possible to lose the desired amount of body fat and keep it off.

It is not easy to be appreciative of what our body fat does for us when there are several reasons why to much body fat can be harmful to our health. It can be even harder on those trying to lose weight are having difficulty in losing body fat. Losing body fat is not always easy, but can become possible by using any one of the 5 weight loss techniques listed above. All 5 of these techniques focus on managing ones hormones, controlling behavior, and changing the way a person thinks to improve the chances of weight loss. They have all been scientifically proven to increase the chances of losing body fat in order to lose weight, even if previous attempts at weight loss have failed.

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5 Scientifically Proven Ways to Improve Weight Loss Efforts When All Else Failed - Boston Sports Extra

September 25 2019, 12:01am,The Times

Carol Midgley

Aside from that other big story (something about Boris Johnson?) youll have noticed that primary pupils are being given self-touching lessons. They are being taught that stimulating their private parts is not dirty, but really very normal, although not in class when everyone is watching.

Madness. I mean, what a waste of time. Because as any parent of a teenage boy will confirm, they work all that stuff out pretty damn well by themselves. Give it a few years, head teachers, and they may not be acing maths, but theyll certainly be achieving an A* in onanism with all the happy socks under the bed to prove it. So relax. Save a few quid on your budgets. Because its balls.

But then so much of

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My husband had better be a sapiosexual like Mark Ronson - The Times

The neurobiologist Belinda Pletzer from the University of Salzburg is researching the psychological effect of the contraceptive pill. She is focusing on the neurobiological effects on the structures inside the brain and whether these are reversible. She is particularly interested in puberty as one of the most sensitive phases of brain development.

There are about 9000 known studies on health risks and side effects of the pill. In addition to physical symptoms such as weight gain, high blood pressure and thrombosis, the psychological effects have also been studied. Until now, however, only about fifteen studies have explored the influence that the contraceptive pill has on the brain. As she has studied amongst other things biology and psychology, observing the causes of psychological effects on the brain is also an appropriate method for Pletzer.

In her study, the researcher is looking at contraceptives which contain two different active ingredients:

Women react very differently emotionally when taking the various birth control pills available. Pletzer adds:

For some women, using these may cause depressive moods. For others, they have a stabilizing effect. After all, some birth control pills are prescribed for premenstrual syndrome (PMS) as well.

PMS refers to complex physical and emotional discomfort associated with a womans menstrual cycle.

The project aims to reveal what distinguishes women who can tolerate the contraceptive pill easily, from women who cannot. It also aims to study how the various contraceptives affect the brain during sensitive periods of the brains development, such as puberty.

The tests are carried out using fMRI scans at the Christian Doppler Clinic. The test subjects have to solve various cognitive problems and their scans must be recorded in order to determine whether taking the pill alters the brain structure or brain activity.

The tests are performed before, during and after taking contraceptives. After a contraceptive pill has been discontinued, a check is carried out to see whether the effect is reversible.

Pletzer works at the Centre for Cognitive Neuroscience in Salzburg. Her project was awarded a 1.5 million ERC Starting Grant from the European Research Council. The exceptional 36-year-old researcher studied biology, psychology, philosophy and mathematics and has two doctorates. She is also the mother of four children. The funding runs for five years and will allow her to conduct a comprehensive study with 300 test subjects.

An interview with Belinda Pletzer:

When we talk about the psyche, we think about emotional well-being. We have known since the 1960s that the pill has an effect on the psyche. There are also studies on this, but the results are contradictory. Some studies have found an increase in depression, whereas others have shown stabilizing effects on emotional well-being. Both have merit, women have different reactions. These effects have been observed by gynecologists and proven in studies.

I am concerned with the neurobiological structures in the brain and as of yet there are practically no relevant studies on this. For example, there are studies that examined in group comparisons whether the brain structure of women who take the pill differs from that of those who do not. This is questionable from a methodological point of view. Every person is different.

We are conducting a longitudinal study and comparing the development of womens brain structure before, during and after use of the pill.

Because there are scarcely any studies in this field, we are trying to cover cognition in as comprehensibly as possible. As a general rule, these are the aspects spatial, verbal and memory. We test:

For facial recognition, we did a preliminary study wherein we were able to show that facial recognition skills are improved when taking certain types of contraceptive pills. Face recognition has a correlation with the gray mass in the area of the brain responsible for face recognition.

Separately from us, another group looked at brain activity, which is also correlated. The longer women take the pill, the greater its effect.

Face recognition should be included in studies that examined the influence of the contraceptive pill on memory. In fact, and with a considerable amount of circumspection, it could be said that the common denominator among the few available studies is that taking the contraceptive pill seems to slightly improve memory function.

This does not mean that taking the contraceptive pill is either good or bad, but merely that it may have an effect. As every woman reacts differently to using the pill and there are still very few relevant studies, it is not yet possible to make recommendations.

Our hypotheses are based on findings concerning the effect of endogenous hormones on the brain. We have looked at a number of brain regions that have consistently responded to hormones in a similar way across a variety of studies and in different test subjects. When estradiol levels rise, there is more gray matter and more activity in the hippocampus. As the pill usually contains a very strong synthetic estrogen (ethylene estradiol), we can expect a very similar effect. But this still has yet to be proven.

Note: estradiol is a sex hormone and the most effective natural estrogen (estrogen) in comparison with estrone and estriol. It is produced mainly in the ovarian follicles.

Also of interest:

How the brain distinguishes between voice and sound

Study using AI: mens and womens brains are different

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The influence of contraceptives on cognitive ability - Innovation Origins

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20 Small Things That Supercharge Weight Loss - CafeMom

A Bangor clinic that has long provided abortions and other health services for women will soon offer its first birth control procedure for men.

In October, a nurse practitioner at the Mabel Wadsworth Center will begin performing vasectomies on men and transgender women as part of its growing mission to meet the sexual and reproductive health needs of all genders and identities, according to Executive Director Andrea Irwin.

Weve seen a lot of folks come in with an unintended pregnancy and their partner is waiting to get a vasectomy, Irwin said. Weve heard its hard to get into places [for the procedure], so it made sense to look into offering it. And as a provider that serves a lot of trans clients, we want to serve trans women in a place thats open and affirming.

Irwin said that the new offering will advance the clinics bedrock feminist mission by forcing sexual partners to bear more of the responsibility for preventing pregnancy.

By offering vasectomies, the group also hopes to bring in a new funding stream to support its core mission of offering abortions, as it has been doing since 1994, and other services such as birth control and pregnancy and STD testing.

A vasectomy is a surgical procedure that blocks sperm from leaving the bodies of men and transgender women by snipping and sealing the tubes connecting their testicles to their urethral opening, according to the Mayo Clinic.

Although vasectomies can be reversed, health professionals generally urge patients to view it as a permanent procedure that they should only pursue if they want to give up the ability to induce a pregnancy.

At the Mabel Wadsworth Center, the operation will generally require three appointments: an initial consultation, the procedure itself and a followup visit. The nonprofit organization will accept MaineCare or private health insurance for the service, and patients who are paying out of pocket may qualify for discounts depending on their income level.

Patients whose annual income is at or below 150 percent of the federal poverty level that level works out to $18,735 for an individual in 2019, according to HealthCare.gov will be able to pay $525 for the vasectomy. Thats the same price the center charges anyone for an abortion.

The out-of-pocket cost for other patients seeking a vasectomy would be $750 if their income is at or below 250 percent of the federal poverty level $31,225 for an individual and $1,000 for everyone else.

Those numbers could change as the center begins to see how much reimbursement it collects from patients with insurance, Irwin said.

We want to send the message that everyone deserves access to reproductive health care, regardless of gender identity, where they live, their income level, she said.

Maines two other abortion providers, Maine Family Planning and Planned Parenthood, do not currently offer vasectomies at their locations in the Pine Tree State, according to their websites.

While vasectomies will be the first birth control service available to men at the Mabel Wadsworth Center, the clinic has begun offering STD testing and treatment to men in recent years. As it branches out, it has also begun offering hormone therapy for transgender people, prenatal care and mental health counseling.

It recently hired a nurse practitioner to serve as the centers clinical director, according to Irwin. It also now employs an advocate who can help connect patients to resources such as MaineCare, the states version of Medicaid.

Irwin said that a combination of grant funding and the states expansion of Medicaid under Gov. Janet Mills has helped the Mabel Wadsworth Center afford to start its new programs.

This story appears through a media sharing agreement with Bangor Daily News.

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Bangor's Longstanding Abortion Provider Will Soon Offer Vasectomies - Maine Public

A transgender man desperate to have his breasts removed says he "can't wait two and a half years" for an NHS spot.

Jesse Churchill, 24, came out as non-binary transmasculine - a person who was assigned female at birth, but who identifies with masculinity to a greater extent than with femininity - in 2017.

His GP referred him to a Gender Identity Clinic (GIC) and the process of his transition began.

But Jesse is still waiting for gender reassignment surgery and says the lengthy NHS waiting list for trans people is "long, harrowing, exhausting and is costing lives", Birmingham Live reports.

Research undertaken by Stonewall, an LGBTQ+ rights charity, shows suicide and self-harm is common for members of the transgender community and almost half of young trans people have attempted to take their own life.

According to research, the longer they have to wait for the surgery to correct their gender, the longer they are forced to suffer with gender dysphoria.

Jess, from Great Barr, Birmingham, came out as bisexual when he was 15 but did not reveal his true gender identity until he was 22.

Despite getting himself on the list to correct his gender back in 2017, when the waiting time was estimated to be two years, he has suffered multiple delays.

The 24-year-old is now attempting to crowdfund 6,300 and pay for the surgery privately.

He said: "It wasnt until I met people within the community that I was able to access the proper language and education that I could comfortably figure out my gender expression and identity.

"I never had any queer friends growing up, despite being out as bi since I was 15. I then fully came out as non-binary trans masc in 2017.

"My family and friends were fantastic about it all, although my mum didnt quite understand at first, shes really taken it on board and is beyond supportive.

"Ive been incredibly lucky to be loved and supported by such wonderful people in my life. As soon as I came out I went to my GP to get referred to a GIC as I knew the waiting time was very long.

"I still decided to seek private health care to get testosterone, which Ive been on for over a year now. My plan was to get hormones privately and then wait for the NHS to get top surgery."

He continues: "Id heard stories of people not having their referral ever received so out of fear I decided to contact my GIC, bear in mind their minimum waiting time was 2 years and I was coming up to that when I contacted them.

"They confirmed they have my referral but regretted to inform me that the minimum time has now increased so Id be waiting even longer.

"The wait time for my GIC has been extended to two and a half years, and again this is only the minimum wait time, anyone could be waiting much longer than that.

"Even then when you do get an appointment, it's not just the one you have, and I've known people wait up to 12 months in between appointments, then you've got to get a surgery referral and be put on a surgeon's long waiting list.

"The NHS wait for trans people is long, harrowing, exhausting and is costing lives."

Mental health problems are effecting the trans community worldwide and according to the 2016 study by the National Centre for Transgender Equality, of the 17,715 trans people they surveyed, 40% had attempted suicide in the US.

It also found that 14% were sent to therapy by their families in an attempt to 'cure' them, 10% reported violence from a family member and 8% revealed that they were kicked out of their family home.

The UK statistics from the year prior showed that that 34.4% of trans adults had attemptedsuicideat least once and almost 14% of trans adults had attemptedsuicidemore than twice.

Just like other trans men in the wait for surgery, Jesse uses a binder to reduce the appearance of his chest.

"I bind every time I leave the house to completely pass as male," he says.

"As a tall, heavily tattooed man with a beard I pass anyway but binding not only helps with my dysphoria of my chest but also helps me pass safely.

"Its still very dangerous to be obviously trans today and I try my best to avoid any more abuse than I already do.

"As a queer looking man, it doesnt stop people from shouting homophobic slurs at me so I try to minimise any more abuse through binding.

"I bind for long periods of time especially with traveling around the country for my job.

"Its painful and Ive had to cancel seeing family and friends, miss out on events because I know Ill be too exhausted.

"Im 24 and I just want to be able to live how Im supposed to.

"Recommended binding is eight hours a day, and for someone who works full time this is completely unrealistic.

"Long term use can result in pain, damage to breast tissue, discomfort and physical restrictions."

The Nottinghamshire Health NHS Foundation Trust said: "There is currently an exceptional demand for appointments in our service.

"This is due to a large and increasing number of referrals, and the continuing care of our existing service users.

"As a result, unfortunately the waiting time for first appointments continues to rise. It is currently in excess of two and a half years from when we received the referral. This is an estimate and is liable to change depending on the needs of our current service users.

"We sincerely apologise to all our service users who are waiting for a first appointment with us. We appreciate how challenging this can be and we are doing all we can to see people as soon as possible."

Jesse has been campaigning on social media for donations to his GoFundMe page which has now reached 740.

Top surgery is usually the first surgery involved in gender reassignment treatment after extensive hormone replacement therapy.

This procedure involves the removal of the breasts in cases of a female to male transition.

The minimum waiting time for this procedure at NHS Gender clinics is two years but it is more often longer than that.

As patients wait to go under the knife, they wear binders which restrict the breasts and reduce the appearance of them. It is recommended that they are not worn for longer than eight hours at a time as they can become uncomfortable and painful.

Wearing them for long periods can also cause damage to the breast tissue but for some trans men, they have no choice but to wear them for long hours of the day.

Some trans men from lower income families are unable to afford their own binder and resort to making their own which can also cause health problems.

Original post:
'I desperately need 6,000 to have my breasts removed - I can't wait any longer' - Mirror Online

THE mum of one of Britain's youngest transgender kids has blasted critics who said her son was too young to become a girl from the age of just three.

Luna Schofield has identified as a girl since the age of three and her mum Jeneen has hit back at critics who say her daughter was allowed to make the life-changing decision too young.

5

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Jeneen revealed how her child wished to be female every Christmas from the age of just three.

She has now officially changed her name by deed poll to Luna and is thought to be the UK's youngest transgender child after being given a new passport and permission to wear a skirt to school.

NHS worker Jeneen, 37, told The Sunday Mirror that she initially "brushed" off her toddler's "silly" pleas to become a girl - believing it was a "phase".

But Luna's repeated appeals - which first started "soon after her third birthday" - led her mum to reconsider her approach.

On her fifth birthday she spent the day at Disneyland Paris in a dress. She couldnt have been happier

Jeneen, of Liverpool, said: "My family felt she was too young to make the decision to be a girl.

"But I didnt want to tell her how she felt and knew this wasnt going away.

Jeneen then phased out the "football stuff" that her toddler always seemed to shun - preferring to play with dolls and dressing up.

And at five, Luna was allowed to "socially transition - growing her hair and dressing in traditionally female clothing in public.

Jeneen added: "Before then shed worn princess dresses to the local shop with me, or at home.

"On her fifth birthday she spent the day at Disneyland Paris in a dress. She couldnt have been happier.

At the top of every Christmas and birthday wishlist was to be a girl."

But Jeneen still found it "hard to accept" what she was seeing - and at times felt like she was "grieving" for her lost son.

She added: "Suddenly I was so scared about how it might cause problems for her.

"I sat in my car and cried my heart out. I didnt really know what trans meant.

"For weeks I was petrified Luna would have a loveless life full of people hating her.

But Jeneen reached out for support online and was aided by the Mermaids trans-support charity.

She added: The more research, the more I realised transitioning didnt mean the end.

"Luna could have a happy life and find love as a girl.

And single mum Jeneen also believes it would be wrong to force her daughter to "live a lie" - despite the latest NHS warnings.

This month psychologists said children are being allowed to live as the opposite sex too soon - a decision that could do long-term harm.

Figures show the number of gender dysphoria children in Britain doubled in the past year.

And last year 2,590 children were referred to the Leeds-based Gender Identity Development Service, where Luna visits.

That accounts for a rise of nearly 100 per cent in just four years.

Social psychologist Dr David Canter said: No one should be assigned the label transgender before puberty.

"If the child is unhappy then the reasons should be explored without assigning labels.

And consultant psychiatrist and TV doc Raj Persaud added: A careful medical assessment is needed to understand what is going on.

"Only then can decisions be reached.

But Jeneen insisted it would be wrong to force her child not to live as she pleases - because she "never encouraged Luna to be a girl."

Now, Luna's classmates are "accepting" of her choices, Jeneen said - giving her an "overwhelming" sense of relief.

But Jeneen still needs to handle "horrific online comments about the parents of trans children - including some that said they "should be killed."

Jeneen added:I know she will encounter comments as she grows up, hated for something she didnt choose, but I can either have a dead son or a happy, confident daughter.

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Luna now attends gender clinic appointments where she is encouraged to explore her identity.

And once she hits puberty she will be able to chose if she wants to take hormone blockers and medication to change her body.

Jeneen added: "It will be her decision, and hers only.

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5

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Mum of one of Britains youngest transgender kids, 8, blasts critics who say son was too young to become a g - The Sun

Unexpected weight loss can be associated with cancer, but also with a range of other conditions

Weight loss codes in primary care typically represent 5% loss within a 6 month period, but there is a lack of evidence on how much weight loss and over what time period increase the likelihood of a cancer diagnosis in primary care

Urgently refer people over the age of 60 years with unexpected weight loss for investigations to exclude cancer

The optimal diagnostic strategy to detect cancer in patients with weight loss remains unclear

Unexpected weight loss presents a diagnostic challenge in primary care. It is associated with a wide range of benign and serious conditions (box 1).1

CardiovascularEnd stage heart failure (cardiac cachexia)

EndocrineAdrenal insufficiency, diabetes, hyperthyroidism

GastrointestinalDiarrhoea, colitis, malabsorption, mesenteric ischaemia

InfectionChronic infection (such as HIV, tuberculosis)

MalignancySolid tumours more likely than haematological malignancies

MedicationAntidepressants, antiepileptics, anxiolytics, diuretics, laxatives, stimulants

NeurologicalDementia, multiple sclerosis, neuromuscular disease, Parkinsons disease, stroke

PsychiatricAnorexia nervosa, anxiety, bulimia, depression

RenalEnd stage renal failure (uraemic cachexia)

RespiratoryChronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), interstitial lung disease, vasculitis

RheumatologicRheumatoid arthritis

SocialExcess alcohol consumption, neglect, use of opiates, poor oral health, poverty, smoking

Weight loss may be missed or misattributed because of several factors (see box 2). Once it is detected, the uncertainty for clinicians is not about whether unexpected weight loss is a symptom of concern, it is about who should be investigated further and who can be spared unnecessary investigation. Specifically, how much weight loss, over how much time, in combination with what other clinical features makes cancer sufficiently likely to warrant urgent investigation?

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When should unexpected weight loss warrant further investigation to exclude cancer? - The BMJ

From the age of three, Jeneen Schofields only child made the same Christmas and birthday wish: I want to be a girl.

While family snaps show the tot in a Liverpool football kit, Jeneen says her toddler, born a boy, soon sensed he should be living life as a girl.

And last year, at the age of seven, her wish came true when her name was officially changed by deed poll to Luna.

She started wearing a skirt to school and got a new passport too as one of Britains youngest transgender children.

Today her proud mum opens her heart on the life-changing events and defies critics who believe her decision to let Luna choose her gender was premature.

NHS worker Jeneen, 37, tells of the moment Luna, now eight, was set free and talks of her grieving process as she let her little boy go.

The mum says: Luna was asking when she could be a girl soon after her third birthday. I brushed it off as a phase and told her to stop being silly.

But she kept asking. My family felt she was too young to make the decision to be a girl, but I didnt want to tell her how she felt and knew this wasnt going away.

Lunas story comes as figures show the number of gender dysphoria children in Britain doubled in the past year.

Referrals to Englands only specialist clinic for transgender children have risen nearly 100 per cent in four years.

Last year 2,590 children were referred to the Leeds-based Gender Identity Development Service, where Luna visits.

Jeneen tells how Luna always shunned football stuff, preferring to play with dolls and dress-up. At five she was allowed to socially transition.

Jeneen adds: Before then shed worn princess dresses to the local shop with me, or at home. On her fifth birthday she spent the day at Disneyland Paris in a dress. She couldnt have been happier.

At the top of every Christmas and birthday wishlist was to be a girl. It was hard to accept what I was seeing.

Luna had only been at school a few weeks when Jeneen asked to speak to her teacher.

She explains: It was World Book Day. I explained Luna wanted to go as Alice in Wonderland and I asked if she thought there might be more to this. The teacher agreed, saying she noticed Luna always being the mum or sister when kids played dressing-up.

Suddenly I was so scared about how it might cause problems for her. I sat in my car and cried my heart out. I didnt really know what trans meant. For weeks I was petrified Luna would have a loveless life full of people hating her.

But Jeneen says YouTube videos of parents of trans kids talking about their situation plus resources downloaded from Mermaids, the trans-support charity helped her realise Luna could find happiness.

She adds: The more research, the more I realised transitioning didnt mean the end. Luna could have a happy life and find love as a girl.

But this month NHS psychologists said children are allowed to live as the opposite sex too soon. They say letting kids as young as six socially transition could do long-term harm by forcing them to choose too early.

Two top doctors also advised caution.

Social psychologist Dr David Canter said: No one should be assigned the label transgender before puberty. If the child is unhappy then the reasons should be explored without assigning labels.

Consultant psychiatrist and TV doc Raj Persaud added: A careful medical assessment is needed to understand what is going on. Only then can decisions be reached.

But single mum Jeneen insists it would have been wrong to let Luna live a lie. And she stresses: One thing I was sure of was how Id certainly never encouraged Luna to be a girl.

In 2016 Jeneen took Luna to Liverpool Pride, where Mermaids had a stall. They met a family with a trans child a year older than Luna.

Jeneen recalls: She had started to wear girls clothes and seemed so happy. I asked Luna if she wanted some normal girls clothes, rather than princess dresses, and she was so excited.

So she took Luna to Primark where they bought three dresses, a pair of pink jeans and some bobbles.

Seeing her spinning around in the changing rooms in her new clothes was heart-melting, like shed been set free, Jeneen says.

The moment we got home Luna emptied her wardrobe of all the boys clothes, put them into bin bags and put her new clothes up with pride.

Days later Jeneen told her mum that Luna would be wearing girls clothes.

She says: We had an explosive argument, Mum telling me, I cant take her out in girls clothes! I screamed back saying she had to be more understanding and supportive.

Mum called back later saying how sorry she was, how she loved us, but she was so scared. I explained I was more scared than anyone, but I couldnt help Luna on my own.

And with the heads blessing at the start of Lunas second year at school, she proudly wore a girls uniform.

Everyone was so accepting. Other kids would ask why she was in a dress, and shed reply, Because it makes me happy, and that was it.

The sense of relief when she came home that first day with a smile on her face was overwhelming.

Then came the issue of a name.

After trying Alice for a week, she switched to Luna a nod to the fact she and Jeneen look for the moon at night to make a wish before bedtime.

The process hasnt been easy though and Jeneen admits grieving as Facebook time hop photos would pop up of Luna as a baby making me feel like Id lost my old child.

But she stresses: I explained how I felt to friends not in the trans community. They told me I should be grateful to have a child.

Its a complex emotion as a parent of a trans child. Last thing I wanted was to cause offence to any parent who has lost a child because of an accident or illness.

After being a nurse for 11 years, Jeneen started a course in therapy and it helped her come to terms with their new life.

This, plus being part of an invaluable Mermaids network in Liverpool, gave her the confidence and strength to handle horrific online comments.

She adds: I stopped reading comments saying how the parents should be killed or needed sectioning. This was about Lunas happiness.

I know she will encounter comments as she grows up, hated for something she didnt choose, but I can either have a dead son or a happy, confident daughter.

At times, Jeneen has turned to the trans and LGBT communities, hate crime officers and even her MP for support.

A touching symbol came when Luna was re-baptised last year.

Jeneen says: The vicar couldnt have been more supportive, even wearing a rainbow silk scarf.

When I see and hear how Luna has accepted her authentic self, how happy, intelligent and hilariously funny she is, it makes me very proud. Kids need to be themselves to flourish, not what someone else wants them to be.

Luna has had five gender clinic appointments and can ask questions and explore ideas about her own identity.

Jeneen says: The next change wont be for a few years when Luna starts puberty and she can choose for herself if she wants hormone blockers and medication, and whatever else she chooses. But it will be her decision, and hers only.

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'My girl became the youngest trans toddler at just three years of age' - Mirror Online

he Global report entails the overall and all-encompassing study of the "Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients (API) Market" with all its relevant factors that might have an influence on the growth of the market. This report is rooted in the methodical quantitative and qualitative evaluation of the global Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients (API) market.

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Furthermore, it also evaluates the most recent improvements while estimating the growth of the leading players TevaActivePharmaceuticalIndustriesLimited, DSM, Novartis, Roche, Johnson&Johnson, Dr.Reddys, Pfizer, Bayer, BASF, Cambrex, SunPharmaceuticalIndustries, Lonzagroup, BoehringerIngelheimGmbH, Aurobindopharma of the market.The key aim of this Global report is to provide updates and data relating to the Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients (API) market and also make out all the opportunities for expansion in the market. To begin with, the report entails a market synopsis and offers market definition and outline of the Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients (API) market. The synopsis section comprises market dynamics entailing market restraints, drivers, trends, and opportunities trailed by pricing analysis and value chain analysis.

The report presents a demand for individual segment in each region. It demonstrates various segments Vitamin, Antibiotics, Antipyretic&Analgesic, Hormone, AminoAcid, NervusCentralis, Others and sub-segments Hospital, Clinic, Others of the global Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients (API) market. Further, the report provides valuable data such as offerings, revenue, and a business outline of the prominent players in the Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients (API) market. The Global report draws attention to a number of avenues for the expansion of the Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients (API) market in the projected period together with its latest trends.

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In addition, the Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients (API) market is also categorized based on the types of services or product, end user, application segments, region, and others. Every segment expansion is evaluated along with the evaluation of their growth in the forecast period. Furthermore, the Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients (API) market is also divided on regional basis into the Middle East & Africa, Asia Pacific, North America, Europe, and Latin America. Lastly, the Global report on Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients (API) market offers a thorough study on industry size, sales volume, demand & supply analysis, shares, and value analysis of numerous firms along with segmental analysis, in relation to significant geographies.

There are 15 Chapters to display the Global Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients (API) market

Chapter 1, Definition, Specifications and Classification of Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients (API) , Applications of Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients (API) , Market Segment by Regions;Chapter 2, Manufacturing Cost Structure, Raw Material and Suppliers, Manufacturing Process, Industry Chain Structure;Chapter 3, Technical Data and Manufacturing Plants Analysis of Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients (API) , Capacity and Commercial Production Date, Manufacturing Plants Distribution, R&D Status and Technology Source, Raw Materials Sources Analysis;Chapter 4, Overall Market Analysis, Capacity Analysis (Company Segment), Sales Analysis (Company Segment), Sales Price Analysis (Company Segment);Chapter 5 and 6, Regional Market Analysis that includes United States, China, Europe, Japan, Korea & Taiwan, Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients (API) Segment Market Analysis (by Type);Chapter 7 and 8, The Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients (API) Segment Market Analysis (by Application) Major Manufacturers Analysis of Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients (API) ;Chapter 9, Market Trend Analysis, Regional Market Trend, Market Trend by Product Type Vitamin, Antibiotics, Antipyretic&Analgesic, Hormone, AminoAcid, NervusCentralis, Others, Market Trend by Application Hospital, Clinic, Others;Chapter 10, Regional Marketing Type Analysis, International Trade Type Analysis, Supply Chain Analysis;Chapter 11, The Consumers Analysis of Global Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients (API) ;Chapter 12, Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients (API) Research Findings and Conclusion, Appendix, methodology and data source;Chapter 13, 14 and 15, Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients (API) sales channel, distributors, traders, dealers, Research Findings and Conclusion, appendix and data source.

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Global Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients (API) Market Data Analysis, Growth, Demand & Forecast 2019-2024: Teva Active Pharmaceutical Industries...

The global "Bone Marrow Transplant Rejection Treatment Market" report is an information bank that delivers comprehensive information about the market ranging from the establishment to the predictable growth trend. The key points, on which the report would focus, include the production strategies incorporated by the leading market contenders, global sales growth, factors influencing and restricting the market growth, and thorough analysis by market segmentation. The global Bone Marrow Transplant Rejection Treatment market provides a giant platform for several firms, organizations, and manufacturers established across the world Bellicum Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Bio-Cancer Treatment International Limited, Biogen Inc, Boryung Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, Cantex Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Capricor Therapeutics, Inc., Cell Source, Inc., Cell2B S.A., CellECT Bio, Inc., Cleveland BioLabs, Inc., Compugen Ltd., Cynata Therapeutics Limited, Cytodyn Inc., Dompe Farmaceutici S.p.A., Dr. Falk Pharma GmbH, Escape Therapeutics, Inc., F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd., Fate Therapeutics, Inc., Generon (Shanghai) Corporation Ltd., Gilead Sciences, Inc., GlaxoSmithKline Plc, Idera Pharmaceuticals, Inc. that are competing with each other in terms of offering best possible products and services to their customers and hold significant share over the market. The report provides summarized analytical data of the market contenders globally using advanced methodological approaches, such as SWOT analysis.

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The report presents a demand for individual segment in each region. It demonstrates various segments Azathioprine, Adrenocorticotropic Hormone, Cyclophosphamide, Cyclosporine A, Others and sub-segments Hospital, Clinic, Others of the global Bone Marrow Transplant Rejection Treatment market. The Bone Marrow Transplant Rejection Treatment market report offers a comprehensive forecast based on ongoing business techniques and trends. The Bone Marrow Transplant Rejection Treatment market report thoroughly explains minor variations in the product profile, as this variation may directly or indirectly affect the production with the appropriate description. Moreover, the global Bone Marrow Transplant Rejection Treatment market report focuses on the current and upcoming policies and regulations to be incorporated by the federal bodies, which may enhance or suppress the market growth.

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Apart from this, the global Bone Marrow Transplant Rejection Treatment market can be better analyzed through geographical as well as regional categorization of the market, which is also included in the report. The evaluation of the Bone Marrow Transplant Rejection Treatment market characteristics and performance depends on the qualitative as well as quantitative methods to clarify about the current position and forecast trends in the Bone Marrow Transplant Rejection Treatment market on the global basis. For making the information better understandable, the professionals and analysts have incorporated diagrams, statistical figures, flow charts, and case studies in the global Bone Marrow Transplant Rejection Treatment market report.

There are 15 Chapters to display the Global Bone Marrow Transplant Rejection Treatment market

Chapter 1, Definition, Specifications and Classification of Bone Marrow Transplant Rejection Treatment , Applications of Bone Marrow Transplant Rejection Treatment , Market Segment by Regions;Chapter 2, Manufacturing Cost Structure, Raw Material and Suppliers, Manufacturing Process, Industry Chain Structure;Chapter 3, Technical Data and Manufacturing Plants Analysis of Bone Marrow Transplant Rejection Treatment , Capacity and Commercial Production Date, Manufacturing Plants Distribution, R&D Status and Technology Source, Raw Materials Sources Analysis;Chapter 4, Overall Market Analysis, Capacity Analysis (Company Segment), Sales Analysis (Company Segment), Sales Price Analysis (Company Segment);Chapter 5 and 6, Regional Market Analysis that includes United States, China, Europe, Japan, Korea & Taiwan, Bone Marrow Transplant Rejection Treatment Segment Market Analysis (by Type);Chapter 7 and 8, The Bone Marrow Transplant Rejection Treatment Segment Market Analysis (by Application) Major Manufacturers Analysis of Bone Marrow Transplant Rejection Treatment ;Chapter 9, Market Trend Analysis, Regional Market Trend, Market Trend by Product Type Azathioprine, Adrenocorticotropic Hormone, Cyclophosphamide, Cyclosporine A, Others, Market Trend by Application Hospital, Clinic, Others;Chapter 10, Regional Marketing Type Analysis, International Trade Type Analysis, Supply Chain Analysis;Chapter 11, The Consumers Analysis of Global Bone Marrow Transplant Rejection Treatment ;Chapter 12, Bone Marrow Transplant Rejection Treatment Research Findings and Conclusion, Appendix, methodology and data source;Chapter 13, 14 and 15, Bone Marrow Transplant Rejection Treatment sales channel, distributors, traders, dealers, Research Findings and Conclusion, appendix and data source.

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Reasons for Buying Bone Marrow Transplant Rejection Treatment market

This report provides pin-point analysis for changing competitive dynamicsIt provides a forward looking perspective on different factors driving or restraining market growthIt provides a six-year forecast assessed on the basis of how the market is predicted to growIt helps in understanding the key product segments and their futureIt provides pin point analysis of changing competition dynamics and keeps you ahead of competitorsIt helps in making informed business decisions by having complete insights of market and by making in-depth analysis of market segments

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Global Bone Marrow Transplant Rejection Treatment Market Data Analysis, Growth, Demand & Forecast 2019-2024: Bellicum Pharmaceuticals, Inc. - PR...

Aiming to deliver thorough analysis for Global Endometriosis Market, MRD has gathered and analysed market information based on Segment1 and Segment2. It has also covered regional analysis to better understand the country wise trends and market scenario. The Global Endometriosis Market not only comprises of Key Market players and their competitive landscape, but also include the some latest trends in the healthcare sectors that are crucial for the Global Endometriosis Market, through thorough primary and secondary analysis. The list of key players includes:

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The list of key players includes:

AbbVieAstraZenecaBayer HealthCarePfizerAddex TherapeuticsAstellas PharmaDebiopharmElexoPharmEndoCeuticsEuroscreenForendo PharmaKissei PharmaceuticalNeurocrine BiosciencesNippon ShinyakuTakedaBayer AGNeurocrine Biosciences

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The latest updates of the Global Endometriosis Market depict that the market is rapidly growing at a CAGR of xx% over the forecast period. In 2018, the Global Endometriosis Market size was close to US$ XX Million. The report also covers several chronological events such as mergers, acquisitions, product launches and new strategies adopted by companies.

Several market impact factors are affecting the Global Endometriosis Market over the forecasted period. MRD deeply analyses such factors and the direct and indirect impact triggered by such factors on the ongoing trends and future trends. The Global Endometriosis Market report encompasses all the regional trends, market drivers, challenges in the market growth, and opportunities for expansion and growth in the Global Endometriosis Market. This helps in construing the forecast figures of the Global Endometriosis Market. Additionally, the Global Endometriosis Market report is thoroughly analysed across various segments such as by product type, by application type, and by region.

Global Market Splits/Segmentation by Product Type

Gonadotropins Releasing Hormone AgonistsNon-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory DrugsProgestinOral Contraceptive Pills

Global Market Splits/Segmentation by Applications

Hospital UseClinic UseOther

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Global Market Splits/Segmentation by Region/Country North Americao U.S.o Canada Latin Americao Brazilo Argentinao Rest Europeo U.K.o Germanyo Spaino Franceo Italyo Rest of Europe Asia Pacifico Chinao Japano Indiao Australia & New Zealando ASEAN Countrieso Rest of Asia Pacific Middle East & Africao GCC Countrieso North Africao Rest of Middle East & Africa

Global Endometriosis Market USPs Market Dynamics Company Wise market Share Region wise Market Share Sales Analysis Competitor Strategy Analysis Impact Factor Analysis Adoption Rate

Table of Content

1. Executive Summary

2. Global Endometriosis Market Introduction2.1. Global Endometriosis Market Taxonomy2.2. Global Endometriosis Market Definitions2.2.1. Segment12.2.2. Segment22.2.3. Region

3. Global Endometriosis Market Dynamics3.1. Drivers3.2. Restraints3.3. Opportunities/Unmet Needs of the Market3.4. Trends3.5. New Product Launches3.6. Collaborations, Acquisitions and Mergers3.7. Growth Rates of Endometriosis Regionwise3.8. Global Endometriosis Market Competition Landscape3.9. Global Endometriosis Market Dynamic Factors Impact Analysis

4. Global Endometriosis Market Analysis, 2014 2018 and Forecast, 2019 20254.1. Market Analysis, 2014 2018 and Forecast, 2019 2025 (Revenue, USD Mn)4.2. Year-over-Year (Y-o-Y) Growth Analysis (%)4.3. Market Opportunity AnalysisContinued

About UsDecision Market Reports is a one-stop solution, covers market research studies of all the industries, companies and regions. DMR aims at providing quality research, and insights about every market to helps our clients in taking right decisions. Our repository consists of most trending industry reports, niche areas, and leading company profiles. A comprehensive collection of reports is updated daily to offer hassle-free access to our latest updated report databases.

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Global Endometriosis Market: Status and Outlook, Future Development 2019-2025 - Rapid News Network

Glucagon therapy is primarily used in the management of hypoglycemia in adults, children, and pregnant women. Glucagon secreted by pancreas which is released in form of glucose that raise blood glucose levels by liver to convert glycogen to glucose. Glucagon is a medication for the treatment of severe low blood sugar level (Hypoglycemia). Glucagon therapy comprises of injectable and nasal form for the treatment of hypoglycemia.

Glucagon Therapy Market: Drivers & Restraints

Glucagon therapy market is growing attributable to use as a cardiovascular stimulant after beta-blocker or calcium channel blocker overdose also glucagon therapy is utilized to restrain gastrointestinal motility to aid radiologic examinations. It may also be used to help make a detection of insulin. Increase in the number of mortality cases due to hypoglycemia, increase in the predominance of hypoglycemia in diabetic patients are the factors which contribute in the growth of glucagon therapy market. Increment in prevalence rate of hypoglycemia due to other diseases such as severe falciparum malaria have are other factors which can be responsible for the growth of glucagon therapy market. Glucagon therapy market is growing because of increment being used of beta blocker lethality as glucagon is generally accepted as an antidote, especially as first-line treatment in -blocker overdose as Cardiovascular medication overdose was the fourth driving reason of death. Increase in glucagon therapy market due to the growing prevalence of cardiovascular disease globally, trailed by an expected increase in the use of beta-blockers. Glucagon therapy is safe in pregnancy which has been approved by FDA is other factor for the growth in glucagon therapy market.

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Glucagon Therapy Market: Segmentation

Glucagon therapy market has been segmented on basis of product type, application, end user and regions.

Glucagon Therapy Market can Segmentation on basis of product type

Glucagon Therapy Market can Segmentation on basis of application type

Glucagon Therapy Market can Segmentation on basis of end user

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Glucagon Therapy Market: Overview

Glucagon is a hormone created in the pancreas. Glucagon is utilized to raise exceptionally low blood glucose level. Glucagon is also utilized in diagnostic testing of the stomach and other digestive organs. With the predominance of diabetes increasing worldwide at remarkable rates in late decades, the improvement of significant medication treatments have extended too. Medication for controlling blood glucose levels are accessible in various stages, and advancements in medication measurement and delivery methods appear frequently. Among the pharmaceutical formulations, injectable utilized in diabetes management is insulin, which brings down glucose levels. Glucagon, then again, increase glucose levels and is frequently utilized for the treatment of hypoglycemia. Based on product type, inject glucagon segment is expected to take largest market share of Glucagon therapy market for the forecasted period. Based on application, emergency kit segment is expected to dominate for the forecasted period. Based on end user, hospital segment is expected to dominate for the forecasted period

Glucagon Therapy Market: Regional Outlook

North America account for the largest share in the global Glucagon therapy market owing to the increase in the prevalence of hypoglycemia in diabetes patients, increase in patient inflow for hypoglycemia in an emergency department, increase in incidence rate in neonates and children, increase in patients suffering from hypoglycemia due to other diseases and launch of nasal glucagon with better clinical benefits. In addition, increasing awareness among population and regulatory approvals for the products have fueled the market development. Europe is the second largest market and holds a remarkable share in the global glucagon therapy market. The Europe glucagon treatment market is relied upon to develop fundamentally during the estimated time period owing to accessibility of cutting edge treatment facilities, skilled technical professionals, and the government support for research and advancement. Asia Pacific Image Glucagon therapy market records for the quickest developing business sector attributable to increasing prevalence of hypoglycemia with diabetes and development of new hospitals and clinic institute.

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Glucagon Therapy Market: Key Players

The key players operating in the Glucagon therapy market are Eli Lilly, Taj Pharmaceuticals, Torrent Labs, Xeris Pharmaceuticals, Novo Nordisk, Fresenius Kabi, among others.

The research report presents a comprehensive assessment of the market and contains thoughtful insights, facts, historical data, and statistically supported and industry-validated market data. It also contains projections using a suitable set of assumptions and methodologies. The research report provides analysis and information according to market segments such as geographies, application, and industry.

The report covers exhaust analysis on:

Regional analysis includes:

The report is a compilation of first-hand information, qualitative and quantitative assessment by industry analysts, inputs from industry experts and industry participants across the value chain. The report provides in-depth analysis of parent market trends, macro-economic indicators and governing factors along with market attractiveness as per segments. The report also maps the qualitative impact of various market factors on market segments and geographies.

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Glucagon Therapy Market Industry Trends and Developments 2019 2029 - SocioHerald

Health and fitness expertJillian Michaelsis opening up about struggling with the hormonal disorder PCOS (polycystic ovary syndrome) as a teenager.

PCOS is common, affecting 1 in 10 women of reproductive age, according to theU.S. Department of Health and Human Services. Women with PCOS can have irregular menstrual cycles and higher levels of the male hormone androgen, according to theMayo Clinic. The condition can also cause women to develop ovariancysts.

Michaels learned she had PCOS at 15 years old in an incredibly painful way. I discovered it because I had a cyst burst on one of my ovaries, Michaels shares with Yahoo Lifestyle. She was in so much pain that her mother thought Michaels appendix was bursting. Michaels was rushed to the emergency room where doctors discovered it was a cyst that had burst.

Her doctor suggested she go on birth control pills a common treatment for PCOS that helpsregulate periodsand lower androgen levels. But Michaels didnt want to take the medication.

She continued to develop cysts. When she was 21 years old, Michaels experienced a burst cyst yet again, which was her wakeup call. And then I began to try to understand it, she says, referring to the condition. Instead of throwing more drugs at the problem, I looked at why does the problem exists.

She found out that PCOS is linked to insulin resistance. In fact, according to theCleveland Clinic, insulin resistance is one of the root physiological imbalances in most, if not all, PCOS.

By changing her diet, Michaels thought she could sensitize her body to insulin. No fake sugars, no processed sugars, no processed grains things that drive insulin to the roof, she says. And over time, I pretty much had the situation under control. Her lifestyle changes had a dramatic impact on her health. I havent had an issue in about 20 years, she says. Its about eating right, working out, and eating clean. A lot of chemicals that are in our food wreak havoc on your endocrine system.

However, Michaels clarifies one thing about her choice not to take birth control pills to help her PCOS back when she was a teenager: Im not saying if your doctor puts you on a birth control pill, say no, she says. Im just saying for me personally, I was able to manage the situation with lifestyle.

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Jillian Michaels shares how changing her diet helped her PCOS: I havent had an issue in about 20 years - Yahoo Lifestyle

New research suggests that women who take birth control pills are at a higher risk for developing type 2 diabetes (T2D), even after controlling for weight, family history of type 2 diabetes, blood pressure, and smoking.

The study, presented at the European Association for the Study of Diabetes (EASD) in Barcelona, Spain, on September 16, 2019, also showed that women who go through puberty and menopause later have a lower risk of developing type 2 diabetes.

RELATED: Hormones and Your Health: An Essential Guide

These findings support earlier research on the protective value of longer exposure to ones own sex hormones, says Stephanie S. Faubion, MD, the medical director of the North American Menopause Society and the director of the Mayo Clinic Center for Womens Health in Rochester, Minnesota. Dr. Faubion was not involved in this research. These results may help clinicians identify women with greater risk for diabetes in whom more aggressive lifestyle modification may be needed, says Dr. Faubion.

The research, set to be published in the journal Diabetologia, looked at 83,799 French women from the E3N prospective cohort study who were followed between 1992 and 2014. Through the use of computer modeling, scientists were able to adjust for type 2 diabetes risk factors such as smoking, age, physical activity, family history, blood pressure, education level, and socioeconomic status in order to find out how different hormonal factors impact a womans risk of developing type 2 diabetes.

RELATED: Quiz: Are You At Risk for Type 2 Diabetes?

There were several factors that were associated with a lower risk of developing T2D, including:

These findings are consistent with those of the Womens Health Initiative (WHI) trials, which suggested reduced risk of diabetes in women using menopausal hormone therapy, saysFaubion. In that large-scale long-term study, researchers found that women taking estrogen plus progestin reduced their risk for developing T2D by 14 to 19 percent.

RELATED: Later Menopause Linked to Better Memory, Study Shows

There are different theories on why estrogen might help reduce the risk of diabetes, says Sopio Tatulashvili, MD, an endocrinologist at Avicenne Hospital, Bobigny, France, and the lead author of the research. Pancreatic islet cells, important in regulating insulin secretion and glucose metabolism, contain estrogen receptors.It is hypothesized that when estradiol (a form of estrogen) interacts with those receptors it can help with the survival and stability of islet cells and in stimulating insulin synthesis, which aids glucose metabolism. This could make developing diabetes less likely, says Dr. Tatulashvili.

Estrogen also seems to increase insulin sensitivity and our muscles ability to efficiently metabolize glucose, which would also make the progression to diabetes less likely, she adds.

RELATED: The Possible Benefits of Metformin for Type 2 Diabetes and Other Health Conditions

Its not surprising that women who have less exposure to their own sex hormones have an increased risk of developing type 2 diabetes, says Faubion. We see this same effect with other chronic diseases, especially if estrogen is lost early as in the case of early or premature menopause, says Faubion. Research has established a clear link to early loss of hormones (early or premature menopause-ovaries removed early) and accelerated aging and development of chronic diseases, including increased risk for heart disease, osteoporosis, dementia and even early death, says Faubion, who coauthored research on the potential long-term health consequences of early menopause.

A study published in Diabetologia in October 2017 found that women who had natural menopause at an earlier age (age 44 or younger) were at a higher risk for developing type 2 diabetes.

RELATED: 10 Ways to Beat Menopausal Belly Fat

The study also found that the use of birth control pills at least once was associated with a 33 percent increased risk of developing type 2 diabetes compared with women who had never used them. Risk induced by oral contraceptives could lead to personalized advice for young women at risk of developing T2D, such as those with a family history of diabetes, those who are overweight or obese, or those with polycystic ovary syndrome, said the authors.

Its not clear why birth control pills could increase risk, but it may potentially relate to the progestogen component of the oral contraceptive pill (OCP), and so risk may vary based on type of progestogen found in the OCP, says Faubion. In any event, women should not alter their decision-making regarding their contraceptive method based on these results, she added.

RELATED: The Best and Worst Birth Control Options

Tatulashvili agrees there is no clear explanation why contraceptive pill use is associated with higher risk of type 2 diabetes. Another hypothesis is that birth control pills can lead to higher than normal estradiol levels, which could cause insulin resistance in the liver or a reduction in the efficiency of glucose use and transport in muscle cells, says Tatulashvili.

More research is needed on the influence of each type and exposure of contraceptive agents before translating these findings into clinical practice and prevention strategies, says Tatulashvili.

Originally posted here:
Diabetes Risk Is Related to Hormones in Women - Everyday Health

The Ballston building that used to house canceled chef Mike Isabellas Pepita is changing from a cantina that used to deliver toxins to customers livers into an anti-aging and wellness center that injects toxins directly into peoples faces. ARLnow reports that D.C.-based Javan Wellness, which offers services including botox, dermal fillers, IV hydration, and hormone replacement therapy, is targeting an October opening in the space at 4000 Wilson Boulevard in Arlington.

Pepita was part of a complex of three Mike Isabella Concepts restaurants in Arlington that closed earlier than expected in December following a bankruptcy filing amid a scandal stemming from allegations of sexual harassment that a former MIC manager brought against Isabella and his deputies. The Mexican restaurant opened in 2015.

Many of Isabellas former properties are still stagnant, and the companys assets have all been auctioned off in pieces. New York-based Urbanspace has taken over the Isabella Eatery in Tysons Galleria, bringing in an impressive collection of D.C. area chefs but running into its own lawsuit drama. The Hilton Brothers are putting a French bistro into the former Requin Brasserie, the first Isabella restaurant to close, in Virginias Mosaic District development. [ARLnow]

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A Former Mike Isabella Restaurant in Ballston Will Now Serve Botox Instead of Margaritas - Eater DC

A Bangor clinic that has long provided abortions and other health services for women will soon offer its first birth control procedure for men.

In October, a nurse practitioner at the Mabel Wadsworth Center will begin performing vasectomies on men as well as on transgender women as part of its growing mission to meet the sexual and reproductive health needs of all genders and identities, according to Executive Director Andrea Irwin.

Weve seen a lot of folks come in with an unintended pregnancy and their partner is waiting to get a vasectomy, Irwin said. Weve heard its hard to get into places [for the procedure], so it made sense to look into offering it. And as a provider that serves a lot of trans clients, we want to serve trans women in a place thats open and affirming.

Irwin said that the new offering will advance the clinics bedrock feminist mission by forcing sexual partners to bear more of the responsibility for preventing pregnancy.

By offering vasectomies, the group also hopes to bring in a new funding stream to support its core mission of offering abortions, as it has been doing since 1994, and other services such as birth control and pregnancy and STD testing.

A vasectomy is a surgical procedure that blocks sperm from leaving the bodies of men and transgender women by snipping and sealing the tubes connecting their testicles to their urethral opening, according to the Mayo Clinic.

Although vasectomies can be reversed, health professionals generally urge patients to view it as a permanent procedure that they should only pursue if they want to give up the ability to induce a pregnancy.

At the Mabel Wadsworth Center, the operation will generally require three appointments: an initial consultation, the procedure itself and a followup visit. The nonprofit organization will accept MaineCare or private health insurance for the service, and patients who are paying out of pocket may qualify for discounts depending on their income level.

Patients whose annual income is at or below 150 percent of the federal poverty level that level works out to $18,735 for an individual in 2019, according to HealthCare.gov will be able to pay $525 for the vasectomy. Thats the same price the center charges anyone for an abortion.

The out-of-pocket cost for other patients seeking a vasectomy would be $750 if their income is at or below 250 percent of the federal poverty level $31,225 for an individual and $1,000 for everyone else.

Those numbers could change as the center begins to see how much reimbursement it collects from patients with insurance, Irwin said.

We want to send the message that everyone deserves access to reproductive health care, regardless of gender identity, where they live, their income level, she said.

Maines two other abortion providers, Maine Family Planning and Planned Parenthood, do not currently offer vasectomies at their locations in the Pine Tree State, according to their websites.

While vasectomies will be the first birth control service available to men at the Mabel Wadsworth Center, the clinic has begun offering STD testing and treatment to men in recent years. As it branches out, it has also begun offering hormone therapy for transgender people, prenatal care and mental health counseling.

It recently hired a nurse practitioner to serve as the centers clinical director, according to Irwin. It also now employs an advocate who can help connect patients to resources such as MaineCare, the states version of Medicaid.

Irwin said that a combination of grant funding and the states expansion of Medicaid under Gov. Janet Mills has helped the Mabel Wadsworth Center afford to start its new programs.

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Bangor's longstanding abortion provider will soon offer vasectomies - Bangor Daily News

(Photo : Photo by Ahmed Carter )

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a condition that affects about 4% to 10% of women. Both men and women produce androgen type hormones but men usually produce more androgens and women normally produce more estrogens. However, in some cases, women may produce too many androgen hormones, so that their testosterone levels are higher than normal.

The problem with PCOS is that it actually leads to alopecia like that seen in men. This means that there is often hair lost from the head in a similar fashion to that seen in men with androgenetic alopecia. The hormonal disruptions and increased androgen production that is seen in women with PCOS has also been linked to the development of other problems such as insulin resistance and increased inflammation in the body.

The hyperandrogenism actually impacts the hair follicles causing the thinning and loss of hair on the scalp. Although women with PCOS show male pattern hair loss on their scalp, elsewhere they grow excess body hair. They also tend to have more acne breakouts than other women and often gain too much weight.

PCOS is a condition that a woman should seek treatment for because it causes so many problems, and can even cause infertility and increases the risks of getting endometrial cancer. Treatment options vary but almost all doctors recommend changes in lifestyle such as increasing the amount of exercise and eating healthy, nutritious foods.

Besides lifestyle changes, birth control can be prescribed to help regulate hormone levels and to increase and control the levels of the female sex hormones, estrogen and progesterone. Women who have PCOS and who are trying to get pregnant are often put on fertility drugs since the condition frequently lowers fertility making pregnancy difficult.

The hair loss can be treated in a variety of ways including by getting hair transplant surgery. There are some medications as well that may be helpful for your hair, such as spironolactone, minoxidil and finasteride. The problem is that there are often unpleasant and unwanted side effects associated with taking these medications. They also may be a problem if you plan on becoming pregnant. You can read more about hair loss treatment options if you have PCOS by visiting the Vera Clinic.

There are other options for treating hair loss problems caused by PCOS. Some women may opt for laser light treatment or even plasma-rich platelet therapy. The PRP does offer a good option since it is autologous, meaning it uses your own blood supply so there is no risk of tissue rejection because of your body's immune system. PRP does help to stimulate the growth of your skin and hair follicles and can produce good results.

Another possibility for women who have lost hair due to PCOS is to have a hair transplant procedure such as Follicular Unit Extraction (FUE). This is a popular type of hair transplant procedure that is commonly used to treat alopecia in men and women. The results can be very good, but it does take time for the hair to grow in.

Excerpt from:
How PCOS Can Cause Hair Loss - Youth Health Magzine

The oldest members of the millennial generation are now 38 years old, according to Pew Research Center's definition.

That means many of them will soon be experiencing menopause, or the end of a woman's reproductive period. Menopause typically occurs between the ages of 45 and 55, according to the National Institute on Aging.

Menopause is often considered a taboo topic because of our youth-worshipping culture, and medical students aren't always educated on the condition and how to help patients who have it, according to Dr. Mary Jane Minkin, a gynecologist and professor at Yale University.

To break down the stigma, Minkin said patients should ask for more menopause information.

Here are some things about delaying menopause and handling symptoms you should know right off the bat.

Genetics, cancer therapies, and whether you've had a hysterectomy all play a role in when you'll go into menopause since these factors affect your hormone levels.

Your weight and cigarette-smoking habit could play a role in when you get menopause, according to a Minkin. If a person were to stop smoking or lose weight (if they're overweight), it could delay menopause onset one to two years.

Read more: 8 answers to common questions about ovulation you've been too afraid to ask

In the months and years leading up to menopause, a woman might experience irregular periods, hot flashes, vaginal dryness, sleep disturbances, and mood swings, according to The North American Menopause Society. It's all caused by hormone fluctuations during this time, called perimenopause.

These issues can persist for many years after menopause, Minkin said. But there are ways to decrease symptoms, including lifestyle changes and medications.

In addition to potentially bringing on menopause sooner than usual, smoking can also make symptoms worse.

"Smokers have much worse hot flashes than non-smokers, so if you stop smoking, not only is it good for you, but also your hot flashes," Minkin said. The same goes for weight loss in overweight people.

Hormone therapy uses progestin and estrogen to help decrease symptoms like hot flashes, but is underused because of the Women's Health Initiative, a National Institutes of Health-funded group of studies published in 2002. The report said estrogen therapy could increase a woman's breast cancer risk and scared many people away from hormone therapy.

The 2002 report has since been debunked and hormone therapy is now recognized as a safe treatment for menopause symptoms, especially hot flashes.

"Unfortunately, the bad press about estrogen has persisted for a number of years, but now we're getting better," Minkin said. "Estrogen really can be your friend."

Other medications used off-label, like the seizure medication gabapentin and the high blood pressure medication clonidine, may also help prevent or lessen hot flashes, according to the Mayo Clinic.

If you have these symptoms and want treatment, discuss options with your healthcare provider.

Read the rest here:
How to treat hot flashes, vaginal dryness, other menopause symptoms - INSIDER

Global Thyroid Hormone Disorder Drug Market 2019 by Manufacturers, Regions, Type and Application, Forecast to 2024 is a powerful tool that market participants can use to secure a strong position in the global Thyroid Hormone Disorder Drug market. The report studies the market status and growth opportunities from different outlooks such as from the key players angle, topographical regions, and type and application segments. The report sheds light on the market segmentation, market dynamics, the competitive landscape, manufacturing cost structure, marketing channels, and regional growth. It offers critical elements of a combined database of even supply-demand ratio. A SWOT analysis was used to bring out power, weaknesses, opportunities, and risks of the leading vendors. The research study is a great combination of both statistically relevant quantitative data of the industry and insightful qualitative comment and analysis

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Global Thyroid Hormone Disorder Drug Market Research and Forecast, 2019-2024 - News Coed

The menopause used to be ominously referred to as the change an entire life stage relegated to a euphemism. And, although it directly affects half the population, it has remained a stubbornly taboo topic.

Now the shroud of secrecy has finally started to lift. High-profile women are discussing their experiences or even just acknowledging them. Accepting an award on a freezing night in New York, Emma Thompson joked in her acceptance speech: Its such a cold night and its the only time Ive actively been grateful for menopause.

In the past year, parliament has set aside time to debate NHS menopause services and menopause in the workplace for the first time. Menopause cafes have sprung up around the country and Menopause: The Musical has embarked on a nationwide tour.

At the Guardian, we wanted to help drive this change forward. Our editor-in-chief, Katharine Viner, said: The menopause affects half the population, but its a largely neglected issue, both in the media and when it comes to scientific research. We wanted to interrogate the menopause in more depth, give voice to those who have experienced it and explore suggestions for how to make it more manageable for women, in the workplace and beyond.

We assembled a small team of reporters from our health, science and investigations desks. We also wanted to hear from readers, and asked them to get in touch to share their experiences. Responses came in thick and fast several hundred in total.

Many women told us that they felt there wasnt enough information or discussion about the menopause and welcomed the Guardians reporting on it, said Caroline Bannock, the Guardians communities editor.

Women said that the lack of discussion about the menopause meant that they had been unprepared for the experience. Some initially struggled to figure out what was causing their symptoms until a doctor or family member suggested an explanation that should have been obvious.

I consider myself a woman of the world and I didnt know what being perimenopausal was, Meg Mathews, the former music PR, told us. Since experiencing the menopause, Mathews has become a prominent campaigner on the subject.

There was also frustration about the apparently contradictory advice from experts on hormone replacement therapy (HRT). Gynaecologists have tended to highlight the benefits of HRT, while cancer epidemiologists have pointed to the increased risk of breast cancer. Women have been left trying to figure out how to balance the risks and benefits in their own lives.

Many women who got in touch described a wider range of symptoms besides the typical hot flushes that the menopause brings, such as mood swings, depression, brain fog and forgetfulness. But there seemed to be a lack of clear evidence or advice about how these symptoms should be managed.

There were also positive stories and ones that defied menopausal stereotypes: one woman experienced a sudden libido boost (I like to think it was my bodys last hurrah) and embarked on an affair, and another described the post-menopausal zest she felt on the other side. Another described how a GP had made her cry with his kindness, saying I was never dismissed or belittled, a reminder of how much just being listened to can make a difference.

Sarah Boseley and Hilary Osborne covered an ongoing campaign by MPs for workplace policies to protect women going through the menopause: some argue that legislation is needed to bring about reform in this area. The report also revealed the toll that the menopause can take in the workplace, according to a recent survey in which 94% of those attending a menopause clinic said they felt their work had suffered as a result of their symptoms.

The Labour MP Carolyn Harris argued that the menopause should be put on a footing with the kinds of extra support women get during pregnancy: I firmly believe there should be legislation to make sure every workplace has a menopause policy, just like they have a maternity policy.

It became clear that NHS treatment and advice was patchy across the country, with women in some areas getting access to specialist clinics and others simply being recommended HRT. During our reporting, it emerged that even HRT supplies were running out, leaving thousands of women without treatment.

Amelia Hill revealed concerns about some bioidentical HRT products, marketed as being more natural, which experts say are unsafe, expensive and could increase the risk of developing cancer. These drugs are unregulated but widely available, with some women buying products through online pharmacies.

While researching the biology of the menopause, it became clear that the neglect of the subject has extended into the types of research being funded. So much of the basic biology of the menopause is yet to be understood. It is not yet possible to predict when it will occur and who will have symptoms and who wont. Even the role of HRT whether it delays or masks the menopause has not been clearly resolved. Progress is being made, though, with the prospect of a new class of drugs on the horizon and trials showing the benefits of cognitive behavioural therapy and exercise to help manage hot flushes.

The response to our coverage has been overwhelmingly positive and reinforced our belief that there are important stories about the menopause that we should continue to pursue. Younger women want to know what to expect. Women going through the menopause want to know the evidence on treatment and to get the right support in the workplace. Breaking the taboos around the menopause is the only way to ensure that society supports women through this life milestone rather than leaving them to deal with it alone.

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Breaking the menopause taboo: 'There are vital stories we should continue to pursue' - The Guardian

Brain research has shown how relevant sleep is to health, so it's more important than ever to get a good night's sleep. In the bedroom, that means not just decorating in calming colors but also minimizing stressors and optimizing conditions for a restful night. We asked some experts for advice and products to achieve that.

Minimize noise

A key obstacle to uninterrupted sleep is noise. To reduce it, Brooklyn-based architect and designer Adam Meshberg, founder of Meshberg Group, recommends soundproofing the walls building an additional thin wall in front of the original, adding a layer of QuietRock sheetrock, or sealing any cracks or gaps within the walls. To a lesser extent, wallcoverings can also absorb sound, he says, though a padded wallcovering will do more than a simple wallpaper.

Cracks and gaps are also a problem when it comes to windows. Restoring or replacing drafty windows won't just improve your heating and cooling bills; doing so can make a huge difference in the amount of noise seeping in. If renovation isn't an option, some companies will install a thin window behind your existing window for extra soundproofing. CitiQuiet in New York says it can eliminate 95 percent of street noise.

For a simpler fix, getting an upholstered headboard (or a bed that comes with one) helps with acoustics, says Florida-based designer Adriana Hoyos. Go for fabrics at least one millimeter thick; suede, velvet, leather and leatherette are stylish options for absorbing excess noise.

Andrew Bowen, director of staging at ASH NYC, suggests a combination of loose items a large area rug (he likes the Rug Company's Deep Pile Merino Natural Rug, $137 per square foot), floor-to-ceiling window drapery and a fully upholstered bed (he recommends Cisco Brothers' April Modern Classic White Linen Slipcovered Bed, $2,375-$3,000 at Kathy Kuo Home) for a quiet, relaxing environment.

Alternatively, try white noise. A fan might do the trick, but Julien Baeza, assistant project manager at Four Seasons Hotel Los Angeles, suggests Spotify and soundscape machines.

Keep the lights out

Lights out is essential to bedtime. In particular, avoid exposure to the blue light from LED bulbs and electronic devices, says Pablo Castillo, sleep medicine specialist at Mayo Clinic. "The body reacts to this artificial light as if it [were] still daytime," he said in an email, "and the pineal gland will stop producing the sleep hormone melatonin, resulting in poor sleep quality."

That's why you should stay away from bright light for at least three hours before bedtime, reduce screen time, and set devices on night mode an hour or two before bed, plus use blue-light-blocking coating on screens or glasses if you "use computers and digital devices heavily," Castillo wrote.

To lightproof the bedroom, "blackout window treatments are a must," said Greg Roth, a designer at Home Front Build in Los Angeles, by email. "Installing a cornice box at the ceiling level can help prevent light from escaping upward from the windows and reflecting off the ceiling." Meshberg recommends the Shade Store and Somfy for motorized shades.

Go soft and simple

Simplify your space for sleeping only. It doesn't matter whether you live in a mansion or a studio, you can declutter for a calming effect, according to Meridith Baer, founder of staging company Meridith Baer Home.

A sleep-friendly bedroom is like a "good snuggle" one that makes you "feel embraced and safe," like a cocoon, Alex P. White, a furniture designer and decorator based in New York and Los Angeles, said in an email. So keep things "tonal and tactile with as many luxurious materials as your budget allows."

As for decor, keep things light and uncomplicated, says New York designer Ryan Korban. He recommends using light-colored paints that are warm and not stark (he likes Lily White from Benjamin Moore) and light-wood floors.

For the most soothing tone, Leatrice Eiseman, executive director of the Pantone Color Institute, recommends sky blue, writing in an email that it's a "positive color" with a sense of "dependability" that can help you fall asleep. You can create a "blue sky" by painting the ceiling, Eiseman suggests. Make it high-gloss for more definition.

Regulate your schedule

Not everyone needs eight hours of sleep, but to "avoid chaos in your circadian rhythms, it is suggested that you maintain the same schedule every day," says Rachel Salas, sleep specialist and associate professor of neurology at Johns Hopkins Medicine.

"Lights in the bedroom should be dimmable or have the ability to adjust to a low setting," Meshberg says. They can help your brain transition to slumber mode. Go for bedside sconces or lamps (he likes the Pennant Wall Lamp by Andrew Neyer, $200-$300 at Y Lighting, and the Convessi Sconce, $495 at Restoration Hardware).

For frequent travelers and those working night shifts, a circadian lighting system, which adjusts from a warm color spectrum to a cooler spectrum and back to mimic natural light cycles, can be especially useful. Such systems can "artificially create an ambiance that minimizes jet lag and allows for deep sleep," Baeza wrote in an email. "Some sophisticated LED systems allow for automatic dimming and color changes over time."

The brand Ketra sells lighting fixtures, bulbs and controls that can create such natural lighting and integrate with home automation systems.

Focus on the bed

No doubt, the most important component is the bed. That's why selecting the right mattress, sheets and pillows can help you get a good slumber. Meshberg recommends 200- to 300-thread-count organic cotton sheets such as the Classic Starter Sheet Set (starting at $93, Brooklinen) and the Italian Vintage-Washed 464 Percale Sheet Set ($369-$429, Restoration Hardware). They "breathe well" and don't get "too satiny and shiny" like sheets with higher thread counts.

Also, "the quality and proper weight of your duvet and down comforter are essential in regulating your temperature," Meshberg wrote. Generally, 700-fill comforters are best for winter and 600-fill works well during summer. (Fill refers to down; synthetics might be labeled as heavyweight or lightweight.) He recommends the down comforters from Brooklinen ($199-$299) and the Organic Italian Vintage-Washed 464 Percale Duvet ($389-$449) from Restoration Hardware. (The National Sleep Foundation also recommends setting your thermostat at 60 to 67 degrees.)

For a mattress, he suggests Casper's Original ($595-$1,195) or Wave ($1,345-$2,495) for those who prefer more support. The Beautyrest Recharge Dawson 12-inch hybrid firm mattress ($1,299-$1,999, mattressfirm.com) works well for those sharing beds with restless sleepers because the memory foam won't move around as much, Meshberg says.

As for pillows, "synthetic is the best" because you can wash it, he says.

Read more:
Cant sleep? You probably need to make these changes. - The Providence Journal

Editors note: This is part two of a four-part Longevity Project: Thriving at Altitude series that will publish on Mondays through Sept. 30. The series also includes profiles on Routt County locals who are thriving at altitude.

STEAMBOAT SPRINGS People living at higher altitudes tend to be healthier, but definitive evidence as to why remains elusive.

There is debatable data, and some contradictory studies, as well as the persistent prospect that, especially in a place like Colorado, a lot of it has to do with selection: healthier people with healthier habits choose to live at higher locations.

Theres also somewhat of a survival of the fittest aspect, noted Dr. WillBaker, a cardiologist with UCHealth Heart and Vascular Clinics in Steamboat Springs and Craig.

Some thrive in a more challenging climate and geography with less oxygen, and some dont.

It also very much depends on the individual, of course.

People with underlying health issues, especially related to the lungs and heart, may find their conditions exacerbated by the altitude.

In general, said Baker, people with chronic lung problems, especially Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease(COPD), will have a harder time living at altitude. The same goes for some heart conditions.

However, there is also research showing altitude having potential protective effects on the heart.

In a 2014 National Center for Biotechnology Information study titled Effects of Living at Higher Altitudes on Mortality, author Martin Burtscher wrote, The available data indicate that residency at higher altitudes are associated with lower mortality from cardiovascular diseases, stroke and certain types of cancer. In contrast, mortality from COPD and, probably also, from lower respiratory tract infections is rather elevated. It may be argued that moderate altitudes are more protective than high or even very high altitudes. Whereas living at higher elevations may frequently protect from development of diseases, it could adversely affect mortality when diseases progress.

In studies spanning the globe, researchers have seen several consistencies in people living at higher elevations: they weigh less, have less cardiovascular disease and some types of cancer and live longer.

But it isnt so straightforward to say that if you come to or are born at a higher altitude, you will lose weight, be healthier and live longer, noted Baker.

Its a lot more complex and so is the available research.

For example, while increased exposure to ultraviolet rays may increase the risk of skin cancer, the increased levels of Vitamin D intake may also have protective effects that profoundly influence cardiovascular mortality, according to Burtscher.

Some studies show people with asthma do better at higher altitudes. Some show they do worse.

And in terms of what Burtscher described as moderate versus high or very high, 6,000 to 7,000 feet can treat a body differently than 9,000 to 10,000 feet.

High altitude to a physiologist starts around 5,000 feet, altitude where the body senses changesin the oxygen level and starts to respond by increasing breathing, according to the Institute for Altitude Medicine in Telluride.

There is a reason the U.S. Olympic & Paralympic Training Center is located in Colorado Springs, noted Dr. BrentPeters, a pulmonologist at UCHealth Pulmonology Clinics in Steamboat Springs and Loveland.

Its 6,035-foot elevation is a sweet spot that provides the most conditioning benefit in terms of ideal oxygen deprivation.

The relationship between lower body weights and altitude comes with several hypothesis.

A 2013 study in the International Journal of Obesityfound a strong association between altitude and obesity in the United States. Using data from more than 400,000 people, researchers foundpeople living closest to sea level were four to five times more likely to be obese, compared to people living significantly above sea level in Colorado.

One possibility is simply that people exercise more though the study did control for that factor and still saw people losing weight.

One theory has to do with eating fewer calories altitude has been shown to increase levels of leptin, a protein hormone that plays a role in appetite control and metabolism. Hypoxia (lack of oxygen) also is known to cause a loss of appetite.

In terms of how a body living at altitude varies from one living at sea level, the primary thing that happens in terms of physiology, said Baker, is that the blood compensates with a higher amount of hemoglobin, which increases the amount of oxygen that can be carried.

One thing Baker does see on a regular basis is more severe impacts from sleep apnea.

Sleep apnea is defined by the Mayo Clinic as a potentially serioussleepdisorder in which breathing repeatedly stops and starts.

Peters, who travels around the state providing care, said he also sees an acceleration or exaggeration of sleep apnea in patients.

They basically dont breathe well at night, Baker said. They wake up frequently and feel fatigued the next day. Often those people sleep better and feel more energetic at sea level.

Theres also a wide spectrum of sleep apnea and different kinds, Peters noted. Most sleep apnea cases are classified as obstructive, in which a person cant breathe normally because of an upper airway obstruction, occurring when throat muscles relax.

Central sleep apnea, which is less common, occurs when your brain doesnt send proper signals to the muscles that control breathing, according to the Mayo Clinic.

Peters said he sees more central sleep apnea in Colorado than other places.

According to a Medlink Neurology report, Central sleep apnea due to high-altitude periodic breathing affects about a quarter of people who ascend to 2,500 meters (8,202 feet) and almost 100% of those who ascend to 4,000 meters (13,123 feet) or higher.

Kids can also experience difficulty sleeping at higher altitudes, said Dr. Steven Ross of Sleeping Bear Pediatrics.

Before they can verbalize how they feel, very young children may seem restless at night and irritable during the day, he said, especially above 7,500 feet.

If a normally energetic kid sits down and whines on the Uranium Mine Trail while hiking or at the top of a ski run, theres a good chance they are experiencing effects of altitude, Ross said, and arent just spoiled and lazy.

And that goes for kids who live here as well as visitors, he said.

When recreating at higher altitudes, Ross advises parents to make sure kids are hydrated and well protected from the sun. Make sure they get good sleep, and factor in patience, he said. Be aware that kids may not have the same endurance they do at lower elevations.

Altitude does play a significant role as babies develop in utero, described Allyson Daugherty, a neonatal nurse practitioner with Childrens Hospital Colorado who cares for newborns in the special care nursery at UCHealth Birth Center in Steamboat Springs.

Babies born at higher altitudes (especially over 8,000 feet) are typically smaller in size.

Altitude contributes to overall growth from a weight perspective, she said.

And, for those tiny developing lungs, mothers making it to the 36-week mark is imperative, she said.

Lungs continue to develop until two to five years of age, Daugherty said, but those last few weeks in utero is crucial, and the primary reason doctors want to see mothers, particularly at higher altitudes, make it to term (40 weeks). The more premature a baby is, the more susceptible the baby is to respiratory distress.

Babies can become hypoxic, she said, and frequently need a little more oxygen during those first few months of life as their lungs mature especially if they are born prematurely.

A lot of babies born at UCHealth Yampa Valley Medical Center are given supplemental oxygen, Daugherty said, as are babies who are born in Denver and travel to Steamboat or are going home to elevations higher than Steamboat.

Even babies who make it to 36 weeks may need some support to continue their lung development after they are born. But those lungs can, and usually do, mature fully after birth without any lasting detrimental effects.

A huge portion of babies (born at YVMC) go home with oxygen whether they are pre-term or term, she said.

The American Academy of Pediatrics recommends parents sleep in the same room as their babies at least up to 6 months of age, Ross said, something even more important at high altitude. The optimal recommendation is sleeping in the same room through 12 months of age.

The good news is, said both Peters and Baker, most people young and old adapt quite well and relatively quickly.

Peters noted that many of his patients are snowbirds, and he asks them to take note of any differences in how they feel living at the different elevations.

Both doctors say it is rare they will tell a patient they should move to a lower elevation.

Only in the most extreme cases, Baker said, will he tell a patient they should move when, even with supplemental oxygen and other medical interventions, in the face of significant lung or heart disease, We just cant keep them in a safe zone.

Of course, many people who do live at altitude, especially as they age, use supplemental oxygen.

Supplemental oxygen, as well as medication, can help people with pulmonary hypertension (high blood pressure of blood vessels in the lungs), which can worsen at higher elevations.

Aside from those rare cases, some people make their own decision if they find they feel more energetic and are able to be more active at sea level, Peters said.

Theres also the eternal importance of maintaining a general level of fitness. Baker thinks this may have more to do with people living longer at high altitudes than anything else.

Its not cut and dry, emphasized Peters. For people, especially as they get older, altitude may stress the lungs, but the low humidity and clean air can also make it easier to breathe. Some people may feel better higher up, some worse.

In a review recently published in USA Today examining 2014 county-level life-expectancy data, Routt County ranked 30th among the top 50 counties across the nation. Cities were not included.

The top three spots for the counties with the highest life expectancy went to Summit (1), Pitkin (2) and Eagle (3).

Given the longevity of those high-up counties as the very highest in the nation, it does add interesting fodder to the question: Is it the type of people living there and their lifestyle, or is there something else in the air?

And there is a growing body of research examining the effects of altitude on the body, seeking to better answer that question.

Still, It all points to the fact that one of the best things people can do is just stay generally fit, said Baker. Thats the best way to enjoy this environment and everything it has to offer.

To reach Kari Dequine Harden, call 970-871-4205, email kharden@SteamboatPilot.com or follow her on Twitter @kariharden.

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Thriving at altitude, part 2: How life at altitude impacts people and animals - Steamboat Pilot & Today