Archive for the ‘Skin Stem Cells’ Category

Image: Steve Wrubel/Parfums Christian Dior By Chloe Pek August 14, 2020

The beauty expert counts Bella Hadid and Kim Kardashian amongst her clientele

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When it comes to facial massages, celebrity facialist Joanna Czech has that magic touch. Counting Hollywood and runway bigwigs like Bella Hadid, Kim Kardashian, Jennifer Aniston, Cate Blanchett, Kate Winslet, Liam Neeson and more amongst her star-studded list of clients, Joannas skincare treatments are highly coveted internationally.

Now, the skincare expert is adding another credential to her portfoliojoining the House of Dior as a skincare ambassador and lending her expertise in developing the Dior skincare techniques international training.

In an interview via Zoom, Czech told us she had her reservations about joining Dior Skincare at first. I mean, theyre famous for make-up and fashion. I couldnt put my name next to fashion skincareIm very particular about that. Then, I heard about how the Capture Totale range stimulates cell energy, so that changed everything and my skin as well.

Czech, who originally planned to go to medical school in her schooling years, fell in love with skincare when she enrolled in the Aesthetics Institute and never looked back. However, she has remained inquisitive and fascinated with science. This is evident from her holistic approach to beauty, which combines both traditional techniques and cutting-edge technology.

See also: The Best Beauty Launches In August 2020

Adenosine triphosphate (ATP, the main carrier of energy for cellular activities) is responsible for the very first mitosis of cells. It is human physiology that production of ATP drastically drops at around seven years old, and the energy keeps slowing down. So any treatment or product that would stimulate cell energy is fascinating to me.

Culminated from Diors decades-long research into stem cells, the Capture Totale line is infused with a regenerative floral complex of Madagascan longozo, Chinese peony, white lily, and Chinese jasmine, which help to re-energise stem cells rather than replenish them.

Dont believe a product that says it contains stem cells because the stem cells are not alive within the product. Only stem cells that are directly re-injectedand most likely come from your bone marrowworks, Joanna explained, debunking one of the most popular beauty fads in recent years.

With the expert on the line, we took the opportunity to ask our burning questions about maskneand skincare misconceptions.

What is a skincare philosophy that you live by?

Respect, support and protect. This goes for skincare, how we treat ourselves and others.

Your all-time favourite Dior Skincare product and why?

The Capture Totale C.E.L.L. Energy Super Potent Serum because it contains the most concentrated version of the cell energising complex and acetylated hyaluronic acid. It creates hydrated, plump and radiant skin. If you are consistent, you see results in days. My skin has never looked better.

A common skincare mistake many people make?

In my opinion, its using toner. Thats a misconception because still, many people use a toner as the second step of cleansing as opposed to the first step of treating the skin, and this is from my experience of talking with clients.

They put toner or micellar water on a cotton pad and they keep wiping and seeing more make-up. If you see more make-up on your cotton pad, that means you need to go back into washing.

Toner is very often misunderstood or skipped, and it shouldnt be. I cant imagine, for instance, applying a serum on my face without applying toner first. There is no way the efficacy of the product will be the same if you have not applied a toner. Depending on the toner, they offer hydration and sometimes micro-exfoliation, but mainly they are used to maintain the pH of the skin. The optimal pH for our skin is 5.5, and many factors from our diet to lifestyle, and even washing our face can throw the skins pH off the scale, so it's very important to balance it back.

See also: Lancme's Celebrity Make-Up Artist Lisa Eldridge & Neelofa Share 5 Beauty Tips

With face masks becoming part of everyday life, maskne has become a real problem. How can we prevent these breakouts?

When you wear a mask, it creates a micro-climate and we keep breathing carbon dioxide back and forth, so there is not enough of anti-bacterial oxygen getting into the skin. There is sometimes too much moisture happening, so we will get super hydrated initially, and then get quite dehydrated right after. Thats when you will experience eczema and redness.

What I recommend is keeping the skin as clean as possible before wearing the mask, with just a balancing toner, and protecting balm or healing ointments to lubricate areas where the mask could potentially irritate the skin. Very often, its on the nose bridge, as well as on the side and behind the ears.

For less reactivity, I wouldnt go through with the whole routine, but if you have to, I would advise starting your routine earlier so the products are on your skin for at least 30-40 minutes. If you will be stepping out shortly, reduce the routine and skip some steps. But no matter what, never forget about your SPF because the friction of the mask could also get rid of our stratum corneum and create little scabs, causing discolourations.

Then, as soon as you arrive home, take the mask off, wash your face, and again balance your skin with toner and use your serums.

What are your tips for soothing breakouts or eczema caused by wearing masks?

Even with microscopic breakouts, I would continue using any product that is hydrating because sometimes we misunderstand we have a breakout and then we try to use benzoyl peroxide, or everything that is dehydrating. No, your skin would be producing even more sebum. So keep hydrating your skin with soothing ingredients like colostrum and hyaluronic acid.

Your skincare routine?

My morning routine is very brief: cleanser, toner, a serum and then there is moisturiser. For my night time routine, my very first step is getting into the shower when I get home. I begin with massaging my body with my shower gel and silicone gloves under the shower, then I apply products like multi-vitamin oils and sometimes micro-exfoliating toners all over my body.

Then, I go to my face. I usually dont wear any make-up, so I start right away with my cleanser with some massaging movements and I remove it with a linen washcloth, followed by a toner. My favourite way of applying toner is the sponge techniqueinitially, you spread the product on your face, and then you press and release. When you press, your skin microscopically opens and when you release, the skin grasps whatever is on the surface.

After the toner, I use my serum. Ive been using the Capture Totale C.E.L.L. Energy Super Potent Serum since September. If you have weaker areas like forehead lines and nasolabial folds, these are the areas I would concentrate longer on, followed by an eye cream and moisturiser. Thats usually my five-step basic routine.

About twice a week, I do facial masks, one of those quick ones because Im the kind of New Yorker who only has five seconds for myself. But no matter how busy or tired I am at night, I would never forget about my skincare routine. Your skin is 60 per cent more potent to absorb everything during relaxation and rejuvenation time. So if you dont take care of your skin at night, you might as well forget doing anything in the morning. Twenty-five per cent of our immune system is within our skin, and we can improve that percentage of our health with products chosen for your skin condition and consistent skincare.

See also: Sulwhasoo's Ginseng To Achieve Skin As Flawless As South Korean Superstar Song Hye Kyo's

You work with many notable clientswhats the most common skincare problem celebrities deal with and treatments that they request for?

Celebrities have exactly the same problems as we do. The only one little difference is that celebrities tend to wear more make-up and more often than some of us, usually under the heat of theatrical or film lights, so they need a lot of hydration and rebalancing. Ive been called to the movie set many times to help soothe their skin with algae masks, or any cooling and hydrating treatments.

Their needs are equal to ours. They want to work on their facial contours and ensure their skin is as evenly textured as possible so their makeup looks perfect, so I would offer some mild exfoliation, perhaps micro-currents for targeted muscle stimulation, and maybe manual massaging to stimulate blood flow to create the sort of rosy healthy oxygenated looking skin. Many people call it a red carpet facial but I call them ordinary facial because every woman wants the samesmooth hydrated skin with nice cheekbones, beautiful jawlines, and thats what really works.

See also: Beauty Talk With Aznita Azman, Founder Of Nita Cosmetics

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Dior Skincare Ambassador Joanna Czech On Her Self-Care Routine And How To Prevent Maskne - Tatler Malaysia

The spinal cord is a bundle of nerves inside the spine that gives your body structure and support. Spinal cord injuries (SCIs) tend to be devastating and most are permanent. Recent research has shown that motor neuron obtained from skin cells could serve as potential treatments for spinal cord injuries, and thus has received considerable research attention. With this, a new door has been opened for treating not only spinal cord injuries, caused by workplace accidents and car crashes, but also Lou Gehrigs disease, known as amyotrophic lateral sclerosis or ALS.

A research team, led by Professor Jeong Beom Kim and his research team in the School of Life Sciences at UNIST has demonstrated that human fibroblasts can be converted into induced motor neurons (iMNs) by sequentially inducing two transcription factors, POU5F1(OCT4) and LHX3. The research team further investigated the therapeutic effects of iMNs for treating traumatic spinal cord injury using rodent spinal cord injury model. Their findings indicate that the sequential induction of two transcription factors is essential for generating self-renewing iMNICs more efficiently. This method not only ensures large-scale production of pure iMNs, but also facilitates the feasibility of iMNs for SCI treatment.

The spinal cord is responsible for transmitting signals from the brain to the rest of the body, and vice versa. Along with motor and sensory deficits, damage to the spinal cord can cause long-term complications, including limited mobility. Although there are many treatment options available for people with SCI, most of them have adverse side effects that impact therapy. And this is why stem cell (SC) therapies to restore functions of damaged tissues are attracting attention, recently. Among those cells constituting the spinal cord, motor neurons that involved in the regulation of muscle function have emerged as a promising candidate for the stem cell-based therapy for SCIs. Despite these encouraging advances, ethical issue of embryonic stem cells (ESCs) and tumorigenic potential of induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) have impeded their translations into clinical trials.

Figure 1. The experimental scheme for the generation of induced motor neurons (iMNs) from human fibroblasts via sequential transduction of two transcription factors.

To overcome these limitations, Professor Kim and his research team established an advanced direct conversion strategy to generate iMNs from human fibroblasts in large-scale with high purity, thereby providing a cell source for the treatment of SCI. These iMNs possessed spinal cord motor neuronal identity and exhibit hallmarks of spinal MNs, such as neuromuscular junction formation capacity and electrophysiological properties in vitro. Importantly, their findings also show that transplantation of iMNs improved locomotor function in rodent SCI model without tumor formation. According to the research team, This proof-of-concept study shows that our functional iMNs can be employed to cell-based therapy as an autologous cell source. Through this, they resolved the problem of immune rejection, and thus reduce the risk of cancer.

In the study, we succeeded in generating iMNs from human fibroblasts by overexpressing POU5F1(OCT4) and LHX3, says Hyunah Lee (Combined MS/Ph.D program of Life Sciences, UNIST), the first author of the study.

Figure 2. Therapeutic effects of iMNs in rat spinal cord injury model in vivo. (A) The position of hindlimbs in control rat and iMN-transplanted rat after 8 weeks of transplantation. (B) C staining analysis of spinal cords after 8 weeks of transplantation (I; Control, J; iMN-transplanted).

The developed motor nerve cell manufacturing method has the advantage of being capable of mass production. A sufficient amount of cells is required for patient clinical treatment, but the existing direct differentiation technique has limited the number of cells that can be obtained. On the other hand, the method developed by the research team is capable of mass production because it undergoes an intermediate cell stage capable of self-renewal. After injecting the produced cells into the spinal cord injury mice, it was confirmed that the lost motor function is restored and the nerves are regenerated in the damaged spinal cord tissue.

Although further investigation on mechanism responsible for cell fate conversion may be needed, our strategy is a safer and simpler methodology that may provide new insights to develop personalized stem cell therapy and drug screening for MN diseases or spinal cord disorders, says Professor Kim. If combined with SuPine Patch, an adhesive hydrogel patches with the purpose of regenerating the damaged spinal cords, its therapeutic effects will be maximized. He adds, As the incidence of spinal cord injury is high due to industrial accidents, synergistic effects with public hospitals specializing in industrial accidents scheduled to be built in Ulsan should be expected.

This study has been jointly carried out with Professor Kims startup company, SuPine Therapeutics Inc. with the support of the Ministry of SMEs and Startups (MSS). The findings of this research have been published in the 2020 June issue of the online edition of eLife, a renowned academic journal of the European Molecular Biology Organizationl (EMBO).

Journal Reference

Hyunah Lee, Hye Yeong Lee, Byeong Eun Lee, et al., Sequentially induced motor neurons from human fibroblasts facilitate locomotor recovery in a rodent spinal cord injury model, eLife, (2020).

Read more:
New Study Presents Cell-based Therapy for MN Diseases or Spinal Cord Disorders - Mirage News

What is testicular cancer?

Testicular cancer arises from the testes (a part of the male reproductive system). The testicles are responsible for the production of male sex hormones and sperm for reproduction. They are located within the scrotum, a loose bag of skin below the penis. Testicular cancer is the most common type of cancer occurring in males in the US between the ages of 15 and 35.

Testicular cancer can be aggressive and grow and spread rapidly. However, this cancer is highly treatable even after it spreads. Hence, the prognosis for men with testicular cancer is good. Studies have shown that the risk of dying from testicular cancer is about1 in 5,000.

How is testicular cancer treated?

The treatment may involve one or a combination of multiple treatment modalities, which depends on the extent of the disease.

The treatment options include

What causes testicular cancer?

The exact cause of testicular cancer is unknown. Some factors increase the risk of testicular cancer, including

What are the warning signs of testicular cancer?

The initial signs and symptoms of testicular cancer include

What are the types of testicular cancer?

Most testicular cancers are germ cell (cells that produce sperm) tumors. There are two main types of testicular cancer, seminomas and nonseminomas.

How is testicular cancer diagnosed?

Medically Reviewed on 8/13/2020

References

Medscape

American Cancer Society

Medline

Continued here:
What Are the Five Warning Signs of Testicular Cancer? - MedicineNet

KUANTAN, Malaysia Some skin, eggs and tissue samples are all that remain of Malaysia's last rhino, Iman, who died last November after years of failed breeding attempts.

Now scientists are pinning their hopes on experimental stem cell technology to bring back the Malaysian variant of the Sumatran rhinoceros, making use of cells from Iman and two other dead rhinos.

"I'm very confident," molecular biologist Muhammad Lokman Md Isa told Reuters in his laboratory at the International Islamic University of Malaysia.

"If everything is functioning, works well and everybody supports us, it's not impossible."

The smallest among the world's rhinos, the Sumatran species was declared extinct in the wild in Malaysia in 2015. Once it had roamed across Asia, but hunting and forest clearance reduced its numbers to just 80 in neighbouring Indonesia.

Iman, 25, died in a nature reserve on Borneo island, following massive blood loss caused by uterine tumours, within six months of the death of Malaysia's last male rhino, Tam.

Efforts to get the two to breed had not worked.

"He was the equivalent of a 70-year-old man, so of course you don't expect the sperm to be all that good," said John Payne of the Borneo Rhino Alliance (BORA), who has campaigned for about four decades to save Malaysia's rhinos.

"It was obvious that, to increase the chances of success, one should get sperm and eggs from the rhinos in Indonesia. But right till today, Indonesia is still not keen on this."

ACROSS THE BORDER

Indonesia's environment ministry disputed accusations of cross-border rivalry as a reason why Malaysia's rhinos died out, saying talks continue on ways to work with conservationists in the neighbouring southeast Asian nation.

"Because this is part of diplomatic relations, the implementation must be in accordance with the regulation of each country," said Indra Exploitasia, the ministry's director for biodiversity conservation.

The Malaysian scientists plan to use cells from the dead rhinos to produce sperm and eggs that will yield test-tube babies to be implanted into a living animal or a closely related species, such as the horse.

The plan is similar to one for the African northern white rhinoceros, which number just two. Researchers in that effort reported some success in 2018 in producing embyronic stem cells for the southern white rhino.

But the process is still far from producing a whole new animal, say Thomas Hildebrandt and Cesare Galli, the scientists leading the research.

And even if it worked, the animals' lack of genetic diversity could pose a threat to long-term survival, Galli told Reuters.

Indonesian scientist Arief Boediono is among those helping in Malaysia, hoping success will provide lessons to help his country's rhinos.

"It may take five, 10, 20 years, I don't know," Arief added. "But there has already been some success involving lab rats in Japan, so that means there is a chance."

Japanese researchers have grown teeth and organs such as pancreas and kidneys using embryonic stem cells from rats and mice in efforts to grow replacement human organs.

For now, however, Iman's hide will be stuffed and put on display alongside Tam in a Borneo museum.

(Editing by Matthew Tostevin and Clarence Fernandez)

Continued here:
Back From the Dead? Stem Cells Give Hope for Revival of Malaysia's Extinct Rhinos - The New York Times

In 2007, a group of researchers reported a startling discovery: They had created sperm-like cells out of stem cells taken from the bone marrow of human men. Two years later, however, the study was retracted due to charges of plagiarism. Thirteen years later, the ability to create functional human sperm out of stem cells remains elusive.

Scientists have been trying to figure out how to create functioning human gametes eggs and sperm from stem cells for 20 or 30 years, says Vittorio Sebastiano, a stem cell biologist at Stanford University whose research focuses on reproductive biology. Doing so would help people struggling with infertility have children and help scientists unlock the secrets of human development. Since 2007, scientists have made considerable progress on this front, creating healthy mouse pups from stem cell-generated gametes and even immature human egg cells. But there is still a long road ahead before scientists will be able to convert skin or bone marrow into babies.

We are trying to really find ways to efficiently, robustly generate germ cells that can be, in the short term, used to understand the biology of these concepts, but in the long term [used to be] able to restore fertility, says Sebastiano.

When the first baby conceived via in vitro fertilization (IVF) was born in 1978, it was a major step forward for reproductive science and a precursor to the stem cell research conducted by Sebastiano and others today, he says. But IVF is not an option for every individual or couple trying to have a biological child, including those who are born without gametes or who receive aggressive cancer treatments at a young age. This scientific technique would offer these individuals a new shot at reproduction.

The next major step came in the 2000s, with the creation of induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs). These cells are taken from blood or skin cells and reprogrammed to behave like embryonic cells, which have the ability to develop into any type of cell in the body. Since then, researchers have been trying to figure out how to turn these embryonic-like cells into functional sperm and eggs.

A colony of induced pluripotent stem cells used to treat the rare genetic disorder Fanconi anemia. (Credit: Juan Carlos Izpisua Belmonte, Salk Institute for Biological Studies)

Part of what has made this work so challenging is that scientists havent been able to fully grasp what happens in a human embryo during normal development, says Sebastiano. Scientists understand this process in mice because the rodents are easy to study in the lab. But ethical restrictions and technical factors (like having access to the embryos at just the right point in time) make this phenomenon hard to study in people, he says.

Despite the roadblocks, scientists have made significant progress in the last 10 years. In 2012, a group of researchers in Japan created fertile mouse eggs from iPSCs and used those eggs to breed healthy mouse pups. In [the] mouse, the whole circle has already been completed, says Sebastiano. Now it has been shown by a couple of groups in the UK and in Japan that you can generate embryonic-like cells from mice and then you can actually push these cells to become eggs or sperm, fully functional.

In 2018, the same group of Japanese scientists made another major breakthrough. Using human blood cells and the pluripotent stem cell technique, they managed to produce immature human eggs.

Similar efforts to create sperm are not as far along, says Sebastiano. Several efforts over the years have purported to create sperm-like cells, including the 2007 blood marrow study. A much-heralded study published in 2014 also made major news, but Sebastiano says the development of the cells in that study didnt go far beyond the earliest stages of differentiation.

But, we are actively working on it, says Sebastiano. Probably in the next few years we will be able to generate fully functional sperm and fully functional oocytes. Then, the question will be how do scientists test the quality of these gametes, he says.

The only way to fully assess the quality and functionality of a sperm or egg is to use it to, well, try to fertilize another gamete and produce a baby. Thats why this work has to be approached with the utmost care, says Sebastiano. He hypothesizes that once scientists have developed techniques that they think produce mature human oocytes and sperm, the next step will be testing these techniques in primates. That way, researchers can follow the entire life of individual animals produced from this technique to see if any unexpected problems develop, he says.

Sebastiano has no doubt that one day, these stem cells could help individuals struggling with infertility to produce healthy children. This, along with a fascination with biological development, is what drives Sebastianos work. There are also, of course, significant ethical considerations that have to be carefully considered. This technique has the potential to affect human life on a generational level, he notes. And many people also raise concerns about other future consequences, like the ability to create designer babies or produce offspring from hairs stolen from unsuspecting celebrities. Bioethics experts have written about the need to start working through the medical and legal issues around this technique now, before it is viable.

There is a need actually to develop this, but since we are really dealing with a very unique cell type we need to be cautious, says Sebastiano.

Read the original here:
How Close Are We To Making Babies from Bone Marrow? - Discover Magazine

This rebrand symbolizes our growth as a company and an opportunity to show our customers that we understand and are responding to their evolving skincare needs, Connie Lo, Three Ships Co-Founder, tells the press.

We invite anyone, adds Lo,interested in a more revitalized complexion to try our products and embark on their journey to better skin.

Connie Lo and Laura Burget founded NIU Body in early 2017 as an unpretentious, clean, and affordable skin care brand for their fellow millennials. We aspire to be an approachable option without the fancy fluff, at affordable prices so everyone can enjoy everything green beauty has to offer. Our products are simple in both design and formulation, explained Burget in her 2018 Indie Beauty Profile.

And those core brand qualities havent changed now that NIU Body is Three Ships: While our look has changed, says Burget in a press release shared with Cosmetics Design, we remain meticulous in our approach to sourcing sustainable ingredients and creating formulations that provide tangible benefits.

Our philosophy, she says,has and always will be to be the change we want to see in the beauty industry: natural, effective and affordable skincare with a conscience.

As with any thorough rebrand, the change from NIU Body to Three Ships is about more than just a new name. As the brand explains in a recent LinkedIn update, It really was a culmination of how we felt about our years-long journey discovering affordable skincare ingredients that actually worked for us. The destination always seems further than it appears, but as we journey towards it, we start to see the full picture. Three Ships is about the journey to better skin.

The brand has new packaging and labeling, based primarily on consumer feedback. And now the brands portfolio is full of skin care product names that highlight key ingredients and benefits, such as Clarify Tea Tree + MCT Cleansing Oil, Hydrate 49% Almond Oil Serum, and Awake Rose Hydrosol Toner.

In conjunction with the rebranding, Three Ships also launched a new day cream. The Radiance Grape Stem Cell + Squalene Day Cream is, according to the brands press release, a highly-requested product formulated with revolutionary grape stem cells to protect from UV damage throughout the day and fight photo-aging. Hydrating prickly pear and argan oils along with natural squalene lock in moisture leaving skin soft and radiant.

Radiance is made for all skin types to help even and balance skin tone. It's also packaged in an airless pump top jar, which prevents air exposure and helps protect the cream, increasing the shelf life naturally, notes the release.

Follow this link:
The NIU BODY Rebrand: millennials have grown up and so has their skin care - CosmeticsDesign.com USA

After months of reviewing close to 300 beauty products and wellness facilities, and tallying, here are the best skincare products of this year, and lest we forget, your top pick! And so without further ado, here are the Beauty & Wellness Awards winners.

As technology continues to advance and discoveries are made each day,we do our part in dipping our toe in the proverbial pool of beauty toexplore the latest and greatest. Embracing the new is part of our job asinvestigative beauty aficionados, and as we dig through the recentdebuts, weve found some newbies that have found a permanent spot onour top shelf that we highly recommend checking out.

1

Best Face Cream: First Aid Beauty Ultra Repair Cream

For even the most sensitive skin, FAB delivers animpressive amount of hydration without anyirritation. The luscious whipped-cream texturespreads easily over the face, yet still holds wellenough for make-up to sit over nicely.

Ultra Repair Cream

HK$249/170g; HK$109/56.7G

2

Best Hydrating Serum: Skin Need 100% Hyaluronic Acid B5

The ultimate water magnet, thisserum locks in all the hydration youneed. Its easily absorbed, so yourskin feels fresh and clean without atrace of stickiness. The heavy doseof hyaluronic acid binds and trapsmoisture to the skin.

100% Hyaluronic Acid B5

HK$598

3

Best Reparative Formula: Wildsmith Skin Active Repair Radiance Polisher

Exfoliate to your hearts content and skinsneed the gentle grains of walnut shell androsehip-seed powder sloughs away deadskin cells and polishes the skins surface. Mixthe desired amount with any facial cleanserto create your very own scrub.

Skin Active Repair Radiance Polisher

HK$254

4

Best Body Cream: Augustinus Bader The Body Cream

A fresh launch from world-leadingstem cell and biomedical pioneerand scientist, Professor AugustinusBader, The Body Cream is officiallythe newest must-have item in bodyand skin care. Powered by thebrands patented Trigger FactorComplex (TFC8), this cellularrenewal cream reawakens dormantstem cells and results in firmer,toned skin with a reduction incellulite and stretch marks.

5

Readers Choice: Drunk Elephant F-balm

Electrolytes pump us full of hydration. And if its good to ingest. Why wouldnt it be topically? This waterfacial masque hydratant nourishes and repairs parched skin while you sleep. Its cooling effects are especially appreciated this season.

All of the Drunk Elephant products are naturally formulated and cater directly to your skins health. Oi Tak Kan, Prestige Reader

Original post:
Beauty & Wellness Awards 2020: New Kids on the Block - Prestige Online

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Excerpt from:
Going On At The Greenville Library - WSPA 7News

The Covid-19 pandemic is one of the greatest challenges modern medicine has ever faced. Doctors and scientists are scrambling to find treatments and drugs that can save the lives of infected people and perhaps even prevent them from getting sick in the first place.

Below is an updated list of 20 of the most-talked-about treatments for the coronavirus. While some are accumulating evidence that theyre effective, most are still at early stages of research. We also included a warning about a few that are just bunk.

We are following 20 coronavirus treatments for effectiveness and safety:

Tentative or

mixed evidence

We are following 20 coronavirus treatments

for effectiveness and safety:

Tentative or

mixed evidence

We are following 20 coronavirus treatments

for effectiveness and safety:

There is no cure yet for Covid-19. And even the most promising treatments to date only help certain groups of patients and await validation from further trials. The F.D.A. has not fully licensed any treatment specifically for the coronavirus. Although it has granted emergency use authorization to some treatments, their effectiveness against Covid-19 has yet to be demonstrated in large-scale, randomized clinical trials.

This list provides a snapshot of the latest research on the coronavirus, but does not constitute medical endorsements. Always consult your doctor about treatments for Covid-19.

New additions and recent updates:

Added ivermectin, a drug typically used against parasitic worms that is being increasingly prescribed in Latin America. Aug. 10

Updated descriptions for several treatments. Aug. 10

We will update and expand the list as new evidence emerges. For details on evaluating treatments, see the N.I.H. Covid-19 Treatment Guidelines. For the current status of vaccine development, see our Coronavirus Vaccine Tracker.

WIDELY USED: These treatments have been used widely by doctors and nurses to treat patients hospitalized for diseases that affect the respiratory system, including Covid-19.

PROMISING EVIDENCE: Early evidence from studies on patients suggests effectiveness, but more research is needed. This category includes treatments that have shown improvements in morbidity, mortality and recovery in at least one randomized controlled trial, in which some people get a treatment and others get a placebo.

TENTATIVE OR MIXED EVIDENCE: Some treatments show promising results in cells or animals, which need to be confirmed in people. Others have yielded encouraging results in retrospective studies in humans, which look at existing datasets rather than starting a new trial. Some treatments have produced different results in different experiments, raising the need for larger, more rigorously designed studies to clear up the confusion.

NOT PROMISING: Early evidence suggests that these treatments do not work.

PSEUDOSCIENCE OR FRAUD: These are not treatments that researchers have ever considered using for Covid-19. Experts have warned against trying them, because they do not help against the disease and can instead be dangerous. Some people have even been arrested for their false promises of a Covid-19 cure.

EVIDENCE IN CELLS, ANIMALS or HUMANS: These labels indicate where the evidence for a treatment comes from. Researchers often start out with experiments on cells and then move onto animals. Many of those animal experiments often fail; if they dont, researchers may consider moving on to research on humans, such as retrospective studies or randomized clinical trials. In some cases, scientists are testing out treatments that were developed for other diseases, allowing them to move directly to human trials for Covid-19.

All treatmentsWidely usedPromisingTentative or mixedNot promisingPseudoscience

Antivirals can stop viruses such as H.I.V. and hepatitis C from hijacking our cells. Scientists are searching for antivirals that work against the new coronavirus.

PROMISING EVIDENCE EVIDENCE IN CELLS, ANIMALS AND HUMANSEMERGENCY USE AUTHORIZATIONRemdesivirRemdesivir, made by Gilead Sciences, was the first drug to get emergency authorization from the F.D.A. for use on Covid-19. It stops viruses from replicating by inserting itself into new viral genes. Remdesivir was originally tested as an antiviral against Ebola and Hepatitis C, only to deliver lackluster results. But preliminary data from trials that began this spring suggested the drug can reduce the recovery time of people hospitalized with Covid-19 from 15 to 11 days. (The study defined recovery as either discharge from the hospital or hospitalization for infection-control purposes only.) These early results did not show any effect on mortality, though retrospective data released in July hints that the drug might reduce death rates among those who are very ill.

TENTATIVE OR MIXED EVIDENCE EVIDENCE IN CELLS, ANIMALS AND HUMANSFavipiravirOriginally designed to beat back influenza, favipiravir blocks a viruss ability to copy its genetic material. A small study in March indicated the drug might help purge the coronavirus from the airway, but results from larger, well-designed clinical trials are still pending.

TENTATIVE OR MIXED EVIDENCE EVIDENCE IN CELLS, ANIMALS AND HUMANSMK-4482Another antiviral originally designed to fight the flu, MK-4482 (previously known as EIDD-2801) has had promising results against the new coronavirus in studies in cells and on animals. Merck, which has been running clinical trials on the drug this summer, has announced it will launch a large Phase III trial in September.Updated Aug. 6

TENTATIVE OR MIXED EVIDENCE EVIDENCE IN CELLS Recombinant ACE-2To enter cells, the coronavirus must first unlock them a feat it accomplishes by latching onto a human protein called ACE-2. Scientists have created artificial ACE-2 proteins which might be able to act as decoys, luring the coronavirus away from vulnerable cells. Recombinant ACE-2 proteins have shown promising results in experiments on cells, but not yet in animals or people.

TENTATIVE OR MIXED EVIDENCE EVIDENCE IN CELLS AND HUMANS IvermectinFor decades, ivermectin has served as a potent drug to treat parasitic worms. Doctors use it against river blindness and other diseases, while veterinarians give dogs a different formulation to cure heartworm. Studies on cells have suggested ivermectin might also kill viruses. But scientists have yet to find evidence in animal studies or human trials that it can treat viral diseases. As a result, Ivermectin is not approved to use as an antiviral.

In April, Australian researchers reported that the drug blocked coronaviruses in cell cultures, but they used a dosage that was so high it might have dangerous side effects in people. The FDA immediately issued a warning against taking pet medications to treat or prevent Covid-19. These animal drugs can cause serious harm in people, the agency warned.

Since then a number of clinical trials have been launched to see if a safe dose of ivermectin can fight Covid-19. In Singapore, for example, the National University Hospital is running a 5,000-person trial to see if it can prevent people from getting infected. As of now, theres no firm evidence that it works. Nevertheless ivermectin is being prescribed increasingly often in Latin America, much to the distress of disease experts.Updated Aug. 10

NOT PROMISING EVIDENCE IN CELLS AND HUMANS Lopinavir and ritonavirTwenty years ago, the F.D.A. approved this combination of drugs to treat H.I.V. Recently, researchers tried them out on the new coronavirus and found that they stopped the virus from replicating. But clinical trials in patients proved disappointing. In early July, the World Health Organization suspended trials on patients hospitalized for Covid-19. They didnt rule out studies to see if the drugs could help patients not sick enough to be hospitalized, or to prevent people exposed to the new coronavirus from falling ill. The drug could also still have a role to play in certain combination treatments.

NOT PROMISING EVIDENCE IN CELLS, ANIMALS AND HUMANSHydroxychloroquine and chloroquineGerman chemists synthesized chloroquine in the 1930s as a drug against malaria. A less toxic version, called hydroxychloroquine, was invented in 1946, and later was approved for other diseases such as lupus and rheumatoid arthritis. At the start of the Covid-19 pandemic, researchers discovered that both drugs could stop the coronavirus from replicating in cells.

Since then, theyve had a tumultuous ride. A few small studies on patients offered some hope that hydroxychloroquine could treat Covid-19. The World Health Organization launched a randomized clinical trial in March to see if it was indeed safe and effective for Covid-19, as did Novartis and a number of universities. Meanwhile, President Trump repeatedly promoted hydroxychloroquine at press conferences, touting it as a game changer, and even took it himself. The F.D.A. temporarily granted hydroxychloroquine emergency authorization for use in Covid-19 patients which a whistleblower later claimed was the result of political pressure. In the wake of the drugs newfound publicity, demand spiked, resulting in shortages for people who rely on hydroxychloroquine as a treatment for other diseases.

But more detailed studies proved disappointing. A study on monkeys found that hydroxychloroquine didnt prevent the animals from getting infected and didnt clear the virus once they got sick. Randomized clinical trials found that hydroxychloroquine didnt help people with Covid-19 get better or prevent healthy people from contracting the coronavirus. Another randomized clinical trial found that giving hydroxychloroquine to people right after being diagnosed with Covid-19 didnt reduce the severity of their disease. (One large-scale study that concluded the drug was harmful as well was later retracted.) The World Health Organization, the National Institutes of Health and Novartis have since halted trials investigating hydroxychloroquine as a treatment for Covid-19, and the F.D.A. revoked its emergency approval. The F.D.A. now warns that the drug can cause a host of serious side effects to the heart and other organs when used to treat Covid-19.

In July, researchers at Henry Ford hospital in Detroit published a study finding that hydroxychloroquine was associated with a reduction in mortality in Covid-19 patients. President Trump praised the study on Twitter, but experts raised doubts about it. The study was not a randomized controlled trial, in which some people got a placebo instead of hydroxychloroquine. The studys results might not be due to the drug killing the virus. Instead, doctors may have given the drug to people who were less sick, and thus more likely to recover anyway.

Despite negative results, a number of hydroxychloroquine trials have continued, although most are small, testing a few dozen or a few hundred patients. A recent analysis by STAT and Applied XL found more than 180 ongoing clinical trials testing hydroxychloroquine or chloroquine, for treating or preventing Covid-19. Although its clear the drugs are no panacea, its theoretically possible they could provide some benefit in combination with other treatments, or when given in early stages of the disease. Only well-designed trials can determine if thats the case.Updated Aug. 10

Most people who get Covid-19 successfully fight off the virus with a strong immune response. Drugs might help people who cant mount an adequate defense.

TENTATIVE OR MIXED EVIDENCE EVIDENCE IN CELLS AND HUMANS Convalescent plasmaA century ago, doctors filtered plasma from the blood of recovered flu patients. So-called convalescent plasma, rich with antibodies, helped people sick with flu fight their illness. Now researchers are trying out this strategy on Covid-19. In May, the F.D.A. designated convalescent plasma an investigational product. That means that despite not yet being shown as safe and effective, plasma can be used in clinical trials and given to some patients who are seriously ill with Covid-19. Tens of thousands of patients in the U.S. have received plasma through a program launched by the Mayo Clinic and the federal government.

The Trump administration has praised convalescent plasma, despite the lack of evidence yet that it works. The first wave of trials have been small and the results have been mixed. Large randomized clinical trials are underway, but theyve struggled to enroll enough participants, some of whom worry they will receive a placebo instead of the treatment itself.

Experts say that its vital to complete these trials to determine if convalescent plasma is safe and effective. If these trials are successful, it could serve as an important stopgap measure until more potent therapies become widely available.Updated Aug. 10

TENTATIVE OR MIXED EVIDENCE EVIDENCE IN CELLS, ANIMALS AND HUMANSMonoclonal antibodiesConvalescent plasma from people who recover from Covid-19 contains a mix of different antibodies. Some of the molecules can attack the coronavirus, but many are directed at other pathogens. Researchers have sifted through this slurry to find the most potent antibodies against Covid-19. They have then manufactured synthetic copies of these molecules, known as monoclonal antibodies. Researchers have begun investigating them as a treatment for Covid-19, either individually or in cocktails.

Monoclonal antibodies were first developed as a therapy in the 1970s, and since then the F.D.A. has approved them for 79 diseases, ranging from cancer to AIDS. Since the start of the pandemic, researchers have found dozens of monoclonal antibodies that show promise against Covid-19 in preclinical studies on cells and animals. Companies like Eli Lilly and Regeneron recently began clinical trials studying monoclonal antibodies. Several other firms, as well as teams at universities, are slated to enter the race soon as well.Updated Aug. 10

TENTATIVE OR MIXED EVIDENCE EVIDENCE IN CELLS, ANIMALS AND HUMANSInterferonsInterferons are molecules our cells naturally produce in response to viruses. They have profound effects on the immune system, rousing it to attack the invaders, while also reining it in to avoid damaging the bodys own tissues. Injecting synthetic interferons is now a standard treatment for a number of immune disorders. Rebif, for example, is prescribed for multiple sclerosis.

As part of its strategy to attack our bodies, the coronavirus appears to tamp down interferon. That finding has encouraged researchers to see whether a boost of interferon might help people weather Covid-19, particularly early in infection. Early studies, including experiments in cells and mice, have yielded encouraging results that have led to clinical trials.

An open-label study in China suggested that the molecules could help prevent healthy people from getting infected. On July 20, the British pharmaceutical company Synairgen announced that an inhaled form of interferon called SNG001 lowered the risk of severe Covid-19 in infected patients in a small clinical trial. The full data have not yet been released to the public, or published in a scientific journal. On August 6, the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases launched a Phase III trial on a combination of Rebif and the antiviral remdesivir, with results expected by fall 2020.Updated Aug. 10

The most severe symptoms of Covid-19 are the result of the immune systems overreaction to the virus. Scientists are testing drugs that can rein in its attack.

PROMISING EVIDENCE EVIDENCE IN HUMANS DexamethasoneThis cheap and widely available steroid blunts many types of immune responses. Doctors have long used it to treat allergies, asthma and inflammation. In June, it became the first drug shown to reduce Covid-19 deaths. That study of more than 6,000 people, which in July was published in the New England Journal of Medicine, found that dexamethasone reduced deaths by one-third in patients on ventilators, and by one-fifth in patients on oxygen. It may be less likely to help and may even harm patients who are at an earlier stage of Covid-19 infections, however. In its Covid-19 treatment guidelines, the National Institutes of Health recommends only using dexamethasone in patients with COVID-19 who are on a ventilator or are receiving supplemental oxygen.

TENTATIVE OR MIXED EVIDENCE EVIDENCE IN HUMANS Cytokine InhibitorsThe body produces signaling molecules called cytokines to fight off diseases. But manufactured in excess, cytokines can trigger the immune system to wildly overreact to infections, in a process sometimes called a cytokine storm. Researchers have created a number of drugs to halt cytokine storms, and they have proven effective against arthritis and other inflammatory disorders. Some turn off the supply of molecules that launch the production of the cytokines themselves. Others block the receptors on immune cells to which cytokines would normally bind. A few block the cellular messages they send. Depending on how the drugs are formulated, they can block one cytokine at a time, or muffle signals from several at once.

Against the coronavirus, several of these drugs have offered modest help in some trials, but faltered in others. Drug companies Regeneron and Roche drug both recently announced that two drugs called sarilumab and tocilizumab, which both target the cytokine IL-6, did not appear to benefit patients in Phase 3 clinical trials. Many other trials remain underway, several of which combine cytokine inhibitors with other treatments.Updated Aug. 10

TENTATIVE OR MIXED EVIDENCE EVIDENCE IN HUMANS EMERGENCY USE AUTHORIZATIONBlood filtration systemsThe F.D.A. has granted emergency use authorization to several devices that filter cytokines from the blood in an attempt to cool cytokine storms. One machine, called Cytosorb, can reportedly purify a patients entire blood supply about 70 times in a 24-hour period. A small study in March suggested that Cytosorb had helped dozens of severely ill Covid-19 patients in Europe and China, but it was not a randomized clinical trial that could conclusively demonstrate it was effective. A number of studies on blood filtration systems are underway, but experts caution that these devices carry some risks. For example, such filters could remove beneficial components of blood as well, such as vitamins or medications.Updated Aug. 10

TENTATIVE OR MIXED EVIDENCE EVIDENCE IN HUMANS Stem cellsCertain kinds of stem cells can secrete anti-inflammatory molecules. Over the years, researchers have tried to use them as a treatment for cytokine storms, and now dozens of clinical trials are under way to see if they can help patients with Covid-19. But these stem cell treatments havent worked well in the past, and its not clear yet if theyll work against the coronavirus.

Doctors and nurses often administer other supportive treatments to help patients with Covid-19.

WIDELY USEDProne positioningThe simple act of flipping Covid-19 patients onto their bellies opens up the lungs. The maneuver has become commonplace in hospitals around the world since the start of the pandemic. It might help some individuals avoid the need for ventilators entirely. The treatments benefits continue to be tested in a range of clinical trials.

WIDELY USEDEMERGENCY USE AUTHORIZATIONVentilators and other respiratory support devicesDevices that help people breathe are an essential tool in the fight against deadly respiratory illnesses. Some patients do well if they get an extra supply of oxygen through the nose or via a mask connected to an oxygen machine. Patients in severe respiratory distress may need to have a ventilator breathe for them until their lungs heal. Doctors are divided about how long to treat patients with noninvasive oxygen before deciding whether or not they need a ventilator. Not all Covid-19 patients who go on ventilators survive, but the devices are thought to be lifesaving in many cases.

TENTATIVE OR MIXED EVIDENCE EVIDENCE IN HUMANS AnticoagulantsThe coronavirus can invade cells in the lining of blood vessels, leading to tiny clots that can cause strokes and other serious harm. Anticoagulants are commonly used for other conditions, such as heart disease, to slow the formation of clots, and doctors sometimes use them on patients with Covid-19 who have clots. Many clinical trials teasing out this relationship are now underway. Some of these trials are looking at whether giving anticoagulants before any sign of clotting is beneficial.

False claims about Covid-19 cures abound. The F.D.A. maintains a list of more than 80 fraudulent Covid-19 products, and the W.H.O. debunks many myths about the disease.

WARNING: DO NOT DO THISDrinking or injecting bleach and disinfectantsIn April, President Trump suggested that disinfectants such as alcohol or bleach might be effective against the coronavirus if directly injected into the body. His comments were immediately refuted by health professionals and researchers around the world as well as the makers of Lysol and Clorox. Ingesting disinfectant would not only be ineffective against the virus, but also hazardous possibly even deadly. In July, Federal prosecutors charged four Florida men with marketing bleach as a cure for COVID-19.

WARNING: NO EVIDENCEUV lightPresident Trump also speculated about hitting the body with ultraviolet or just very powerful light. Researchers have used UV light to sterilize surfaces, including killing viruses, in carefully managed laboratories. But UV light would not be able to purge the virus from within a sick persons body. This kind of radiation can also damage the skin. Most skin cancers are a result of exposure to the UV rays naturally present in sunlight.

WARNING: NO EVIDENCESilverThe F.D.A. has threatened legal action against a host of people claiming silver-based products are safe and effective against Covid-19 including televangelist Jim Bakker and InfoWars host Alex Jones. Several metals do have natural antimicrobial properties. But products made from them have not been shown to prevent or treat the coronavirus.

Note: After additional discussions with experts we have adjusted several labels on the tracker. The Strong evidence label has been removed until further research identifies treatments that consistently benefit groups of patients infected by the coronavirus. In its place, Promising evidence will be used for drugs such as remdesivir and dexamethasone that have shown promise in at least one randomized controlled trial, and Widely used for treatments such as proning and ventilators that are often used with severely ill patients, including those with Covid-19. And we may reintroduce the Ineffective label when ongoing clinical trials repeatedly end with disappointing results.

Sources: National Library of Medicine; National Institutes of Health; William Amarquaye, University of South Florida; Paul Bieniasz, Rockefeller University; Jeremy Faust, Brigham & Womens Hospital; Matt Frieman, University of Maryland School of Medicine; Noah Haber, Stanford University; Swapnil Hiremath, University of Ottawa; Akiko Iwaskai, Yale University; Paul Knoepfler, University of California, Davis; Elena Massarotti, Brigham and Womens Hospital; John Moore and Douglas Nixon, Weill Cornell Medical College; Erica Ollman Saphire, La Jolla Institute for Immunology; Regina Rabinovich, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health; Ilan Schwartz, University of Alberta; Phyllis Tien, University of California, San Francisco.

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Coronavirus Drug and Treatment Tracker - The New York Times

ROSELAND, N.J., Aug. 04, 2020 (GLOBE NEWSWIRE) -- RenovaCare, Inc. (Symbol: RCAR; http://www.renovacareinc.com), developer of patented technologies for spraying self-donated stem cells for the regeneration of skin and other organs and tissues, today announced the appointment of Lydia M. Evans, M.D. to its Board of Directors. A noted dermatologist, oncologist, and doctor of internal medicine, Dr. Evans has held numerous academic, private, and commercial appointments, and brings extensive insights into the science, technology, and market positioning of wound and skin regeneration therapies.

As RenovaCare continues to advance our portfolio of regenerative technologies, strategic leadership from our Board is increasingly critical as we look to regulatory approval and commercialization. Dr. Evans’ knowledge and experience will be a strong addition to our Board at such an important time as the Company continues to pursue bringing first-in-class regenerative therapies to market,” stated Alan L. Rubino, RenovaCare CEO & President.

"I’m pleased to join the RenovaCare Board of Directors at a time of growing demand for modern therapies that promise natural regeneration for burns, wounds, skin disorders and cosmetic imperfections. The RenovaCare CellMist and SkinGun represent an impressive therapeutic approach that replaces painful and complex skin grafting procedures with a gentle mist of the patient’s own cells. I look forward to assisting the Company in its development,” concluded Dr. Evans.

A Columbia Presbyterian and Memorial Sloan Kettering-educated dermatologist, oncologist and doctor of internal medicine, Dr. Evans specializes in state-of-the-art treatments for aesthetic and medical dermatologic procedures. She is currently an Associate Clinical Attending Physician in the Department of Dermatology at New York Presbyterian Medical Center in New York City, a position which includes significant teaching responsibilities. She is also a Fellow of the American Academy of Dermatology, a Diplomate of the National Board of Medical Examiners, the American Board of Internal Medicine, and the American Board of Dermatology. She is a member of the Leadership Society of the Dermatology Research Foundation and has served as the New York State Chairperson for the Psoriasis Research Foundation. Dr. Evans was Consulting Dermatologist to L’Oral Paris from 2000 to 2012, spurring new product development in dermatologist-inspired skincare directly to consumers. About RenovaCare RenovaCare, Inc. is developing first-of-its-kind autologous (self-donated) stem cell therapies for the regeneration of human organs. Its initial product under development targets the body’s largest organ, the skin. The company’s flagship technology, the CellMist System, uses its patented SkinGun to spray a liquid suspension of a patient’s stem cells the CellMist Solution onto wounds.

RenovaCare is developing its CellMist System as a promising new alternative for patients suffering from burns, chronic and acute wounds, and scars. In the US alone, this $45 billion market is greater than the spending on high-blood pressure management, cholesterol treatments, and back pain therapeutics.

RenovaCare products are currently in development. They are not available for sale in the United States. There is no assurance that the Company’s planned or filed submissions to the U.S. Food and Drug Administration will be accepted or cleared by the FDA.

For additional information, please call Amit Singh at: 888-398-0202 or visit: https://renovacareinc.com

To receive future press releases via email, please visit: https://renovacareinc.com/investors/register/

Follow us on LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/company/renovacare-inc-/

Follow us on Twitter: https://twitter.com/RenovaCareInc

Follow us on Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/renovacarercar

Social Media Disclaimer Investors and others should note that we announce material financial information to our investors using SEC filings and press releases. We use our website and social media to communicate with our subscribers, shareholders and the public about the company, RenovaCare, Inc. development, and other corporate matters that are in the public domain. At this time, the company will not post information on social media that could be deemed to be material information unless that information was distributed to public distribution channels first.

We encourage investors, the media, and others interested in the company to review the information we post on the company’s website and the social media channels listed below:

* This list may be updated from time to time.

Legal Notice Regarding Forward-Looking Statements No statement herein should be considered an offer or a solicitation of an offer for the purchase or sale of any securities. This release contains forward-looking statements that are based upon current expectations or beliefs, as well as a number of assumptions about future events. Although RenovaCare, Inc. (the Company”) believes that the expectations reflected in the forward-looking statements and the assumptions upon which they are based are reasonable, it can give no assurance that such expectations and assumptions will prove to have been correct. Forward-looking statements, which involve assumptions and describe our future plans, strategies, and expectations, are generally identifiable by use of the words may,” will,” should,” could,” expect,” anticipate,” estimate,” believe,” intend,” or project” or the negative of these words or other variations on these words or comparable terminology. The reader is cautioned not to put undue reliance on these forward-looking statements, as these statements are subject to numerous factors and uncertainties, including but not limited to: the timing and success of clinical and preclinical studies of product candidates, the potential timing and success of the Company’s product programs through their individual product development and regulatory approval processes, adverse economic conditions, intense competition, lack of meaningful research results, entry of new competitors and products, inadequate capital, unexpected costs and operating deficits, increases in general and administrative costs, termination of contracts or agreements, obsolescence of the Company’s technologies, technical problems with the Company’s research, price increases for supplies and components, litigation and administrative proceedings involving the Company, the possible acquisition of new businesses or technologies that result in operating losses or that do not perform as anticipated, unanticipated losses, the possible fluctuation and volatility of the Company’s operating results, financial condition and stock price, losses incurred in litigating and settling cases, dilution in the Company’s ownership of its business, adverse publicity and news coverage, inability to carry out research, development and commercialization plans, loss or retirement of key executives and research scientists, and other risks. There can be no assurance that further research and development will validate and support the results of our preliminary research and studies. Further, there can be no assurance that the necessary regulatory approvals will be obtained or that the Company will be able to develop commercially viable products on the basis of its technologies. In addition, other factors that could cause actual results to differ materially are discussed in the Company’s most recent Form 10-Q and Form 10-K filings with the Securities and Exchange Commission. These reports and filings may be inspected and copied at the Public Reference Room maintained by the U.S. Securities & Exchange Commission at 100 F Street, N.E., Washington, D.C. 20549. You can obtain information about operation of the Public Reference Room by calling the U.S. Securities & Exchange Commission at 1-800-SEC-0330. The U.S. Securities & Exchange Commission also maintains an Internet site that contains reports, proxy and information statements, and other information regarding issuers that file electronically with the U.S. Securities & Exchange Commission at http://www.sec.gov. The Company undertakes no obligation to publicly release the results of any revisions to these forward-looking statements that may be made to reflect the events or circumstances after the date hereof or to reflect the occurrence of unanticipated events.

Originally posted here:
RenovaCare Appoints Dr. Lydia M. Evans to Its Board of Directors and Increases Board Membership - Stockhouse

Dr. Lydia M. Evans, MD

Dr. Lydia M. Evans, Director, RenovaCare, Inc.

ROSELAND, N.J., Aug. 04, 2020 (GLOBE NEWSWIRE) -- RenovaCare, Inc. (Symbol: RCAR;www.renovacareinc.com), developer of patented technologies for spraying self-donated stem cells for the regeneration of skin and other organs and tissues, today announced the appointment of Lydia M. Evans, M.D. to its Board of Directors. A noted dermatologist, oncologist, and doctor of internal medicine, Dr. Evans has held numerous academic, private, and commercial appointments, and brings extensive insights into the science, technology, and market positioning of wound and skin regeneration therapies.

As RenovaCare continues to advance our portfolio of regenerative technologies, strategic leadership from our Board is increasingly critical as we look to regulatory approval and commercialization. Dr. Evans knowledge and experience will be a strong addition to our Board at such an important time as the Company continues to pursue bringing first-in-class regenerative therapies to market, stated Alan L. Rubino, RenovaCare CEO & President.

"Im pleased to join the RenovaCare Board of Directors at a time of growing demand for modern therapies that promise natural regeneration for burns, wounds, skin disorders and cosmetic imperfections. The RenovaCare CellMist and SkinGun represent an impressive therapeutic approach that replaces painful and complex skin grafting procedures with a gentle mist of the patients own cells. I look forward to assisting the Company in its development, concluded Dr. Evans.

A Columbia Presbyterian and Memorial Sloan Kettering-educated dermatologist, oncologist and doctor of internal medicine, Dr. Evans specializes in state-of-the-art treatments for aesthetic and medical dermatologic procedures. She is currently an Associate Clinical Attending Physician in the Department of Dermatology at New York Presbyterian Medical Center in New York City, a position which includes significant teaching responsibilities. She is also a Fellow of the American Academy of Dermatology, a Diplomate of the National Board of Medical Examiners, the American Board of Internal Medicine, and the American Board of Dermatology. She is a member of the Leadership Society of the Dermatology Research Foundation and has served as the New York State Chairperson for the Psoriasis Research Foundation. Dr. Evans was Consulting Dermatologist to LOral Paris from 2000 to 2012, spurring new product development in dermatologist-inspired skincare directly to consumers.About RenovaCareRenovaCare, Inc. is developing first-of-its-kind autologous (self-donated) stem cell therapies for the regeneration of human organs. Its initial product under development targets the bodys largest organ, the skin. The companys flagship technology, the CellMist System, uses its patented SkinGun to spray a liquid suspension of a patients stem cells the CellMist Solution onto wounds.

RenovaCare is developing its CellMist System as a promising new alternative for patients suffering from burns, chronic and acute wounds, and scars. In the US alone, this $45 billion market is greater than the spending on high-blood pressure management, cholesterol treatments, and back pain therapeutics.

RenovaCare products are currently in development. They are not available for sale in the United States. There is no assurance that the Companys planned or filed submissions to the U.S. Food and Drug Administration will be accepted or cleared by the FDA.

For additional information, please call Amit Singh at: 888-398-0202 or visit:https://renovacareinc.com

To receive future press releases via email, please visit:https://renovacareinc.com/investors/register/

Follow us on LinkedIn:https://www.linkedin.com/company/renovacare-inc-/

Follow us on Twitter:https://twitter.com/RenovaCareInc

Follow us on Facebook:https://www.facebook.com/renovacarercar

Social Media DisclaimerInvestors and others should note that we announce material financial information to our investors using SEC filings and press releases. We use our website and social media to communicate with our subscribers, shareholders and the public about the company, RenovaCare, Inc. development, and other corporate matters that are in the public domain. At this time, the company will not post information on social media that could be deemed to be material information unless that information was distributed to public distribution channels first.

We encourage investors, the media, and others interested in the company to review the information we post on the companys website and the social media channels listed below:

* This list may be updated from time to time.

Legal Notice Regarding Forward-Looking StatementsNo statement herein should be considered an offer or a solicitation of an offer for the purchase or sale of any securities. This release contains forward-looking statements that are based upon current expectations or beliefs, as well as a number of assumptions about future events. Although RenovaCare, Inc. (the Company) believes that the expectations reflected in the forward-looking statements and the assumptions upon which they are based are reasonable, it can give no assurance that such expectations and assumptions will prove to have been correct. Forward-looking statements, which involve assumptions and describe our future plans, strategies, and expectations, are generally identifiable by use of the words may, will, should, could, expect, anticipate, estimate, believe, intend, or project or the negative of these words or other variations on these words or comparable terminology. The reader is cautioned not to put undue reliance on these forward-looking statements, as these statements are subject to numerous factors and uncertainties, including but not limited to: the timing and success of clinical and preclinical studies of product candidates, the potential timing and success of the Companys product programs through their individual product development and regulatory approval processes, adverse economic conditions, intense competition, lack of meaningful research results, entry of new competitors and products, inadequate capital, unexpected costs and operating deficits, increases in general and administrative costs, termination of contracts or agreements, obsolescence of the Companys technologies, technical problems with the Companys research, price increases for supplies and components, litigation and administrative proceedings involving the Company, the possible acquisition of new businesses or technologies that result in operating losses or that do not perform as anticipated, unanticipated losses, the possible fluctuation and volatility of the Companys operating results, financial condition and stock price, losses incurred in litigating and settling cases, dilution in the Companys ownership of its business, adverse publicity and news coverage, inability to carry out research, development and commercialization plans, loss or retirement of key executives and research scientists, and other risks. There can be no assurance that further research and development will validate and support the results of our preliminary research and studies. Further, there can be no assurance that the necessary regulatory approvals will be obtained or that the Company will be able to develop commercially viable products on the basis of its technologies. In addition, other factors that could cause actual results to differ materially are discussed in the Companys most recent Form 10-Q and Form 10-K filings with the Securities and Exchange Commission. These reports and filings may be inspected and copied at the Public Reference Room maintained by the U.S. Securities & Exchange Commission at 100 F Street, N.E., Washington, D.C. 20549. You can obtain information about operation of the Public Reference Room by calling the U.S. Securities & Exchange Commission at 1-800-SEC-0330. The U.S. Securities & Exchange Commission also maintains an Internet site that contains reports, proxy and information statements, and other information regarding issuers that file electronically with the U.S. Securities & Exchange Commission athttp://www.sec.gov. The Company undertakes no obligation to publicly release the results of any revisions to these forward-looking statements that may be made to reflect the events or circumstances after the date hereof or to reflect the occurrence of unanticipated events.

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RenovaCare Appoints Dr. Lydia M. Evans to Its Board of Directors and Increases Board Membership - GlobeNewswire

For most of my life, Ive credited my good skin to two products: a gentle cleanser and a powerful sunscreen. But something happened when I hit my 40s I noticed my skin no longer glowed like it used to and it always seemed to look and feel dry. When I noticed a few sunspots on the top of my right cheek, I realized it was time to elevate my morning and evening beauty routines.

Fine lines, dryness, sunspots and a loss of firmness are all things women begin to deal with in their 40s, says Dr. Mona Gohara, associate clinical professor of dermatology at Yale School of Medicine. Plummeting estrogen levels directly affect collagen production, skin thickness and hydration, so its important to develop an anti-aging skin care program, and stick with that program, during this decade.

With so many anti-aging products on the market boasting ingredients youd never thought youd put on your face (acids! oils!), it can be hard to figure out where to start.

So we reached out to top dermatologists across the country to help simplify the process. Everyone we spoke to listed sunscreen as the most important topical to keep forty-something skin looking great, followed by the appropriate cleanser, anti-ager, moisturizer and exfoliator.

Below, you'll find a quick guide to what youll need when it comes to choosing the right ingredients for your face, because as Gohara stressed, At this age, prevention not just correction should still be your goal.

When shopping for a sunscreen in your 40s, experts note you should be looking for the words zinc oxide, titanium dioxide and iron oxide on the label.

Zinc oxide and titanium dioxide protect against both UVA and UVB rays, while iron oxide guards against skin-damaging blue light from computer and cell phone screens, notes Gohara. Look for an SPF of 30 or higher and slather on half a teaspoon on your face daily, including your ears and neck, before applying makeup. If you drive, be sure to protect your hands, as UVA rays can penetrate glass, resulting in sunspots.

EltaMD UV Facial Broad-Spectrum SPF 30+, despite having zinc oxide, doesnt leave your skin with a whiteish tint. It's also formulated with hyaluronic acid, which can help keep your skin hydrated and firm.

Supergoop! Unseen Sunscreen SPF 40 is oil-free, goes on clear and works as a makeup primer to control shine. The vegan formula should be applied as the last step in your skin care regimen before you apply makeup, at least 15 minutes before you step out into the sun.

Gohara recommends keeping this brush-on SPF powder in your glove compartment. With SPF 50, the water-resistant formula provides both protection and sheer tinted coverage.

In your 40s, derms recommend using a cleanser containing ceramides, glycerin, and vitamin E.

Ceramides are lipids that help retain moisture, glycerin is a humectant that pulls water from the deepest layers of the skin, while vitamin E also adds moisture, says Dr. Martha Viera, volunteer faculty at the University of Miami Department of Dermatology. Before cleansing, wash your hands thoroughly to avoid dirt or bacteria from touching your skin, and splash your face with lukewarm water prior to application to activate the cleansing ingredients. Start and end your day by washing with a quarter-sized amount of cleanser, applying it in a circular motion over your face and neck.

Viera likes La Roche-Posay Toleriane Hydrating Gentle Cleanser because its designed to balance the skins pH levels, protecting the skins sensitive barrier. It is formulated to cleanse the skin without stripping it of moisture thanks to ingredients such as glycerin and niacinamide.

Bioderma Sensibio Foaming Gel has a soothing gel-cream texture that turns to foam when activated. The gentle formula works to remove makeup while also hydrating the skin.

Dove White Beauty Bar with Deep Moisture is great for sensitive skin as it combines cleansing ingredients with a dose of moisturizing cream. It is suitable for sensitive skin and gentle enough to use on both your face and body.

Youll need two anti-aging products in your 40s: a morning serum that contains moisture-drawing hyaluronic acid and antioxidants, and a night serum that includes peptides and retinol (retinol should be applied at night as it can make your skin sensitive to the sun).

Be sure to layer your anti-ager under your moisturizer and consider a serum which, thanks to their small molecular makeup, absorbs quickly and deeply, says Dr. Arisa Ortiz, director of laser and cosmetic dermatology at the University of California at San Diego. Antioxidants like vitamin C, E, B5, and resveratrol attach themselves to free radicals, preventing the free radicals from latching onto and damaging healthy skin cells, while retinoids and peptides exfoliate dead skin while stimulating collagen and softening lines.

Obagi Professional-C Serum contains ascorbic acid, a vitamin C derivative that softens the look of pigmentation and encourages collagen growth. It can be applied to the face, neck and chest in the mornings and followed with sunscreen.

Dr. Ortiz likes Rodan + Fields Intensive Renewing Serum because its lightweight, absorbs easily and has the highest levels of vitamin A for a nonprescription product. The serums are held in small capsules that you can open to smooth all over your skin.

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This dermatologist-approved pick is suitable for normal, sensitive and dry skin. The formula works to not only visibly brighten the skin but also reduce the appearance of fine lines and wrinkles.

To tackle dry skin in your 40s, Gohora recommends looking for ingredients that help boost and maintain moisture, including niacinamide, ceramides, glycerin and hyaluronic acid.

To be most effective, apply your moisturizer after your anti-aging serum. Dot your cheeks, forehead, chin and nose, and then rub in a circular upward motion both morning and night, notes Dr. Paul Jarrod Frank, clinical assistant professor of dermatology at The Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai Hospital and author of "The Pro-Aging Playbook."

This moisturizer comes in a soothing light gel-cream formula and uses hyaluronic acid to fortify the lipid barrier to prevent dryness. It can be applied twice daily after a serum is applied to the skin.

Pause Collagen Boosting Moisturizer contains skin-conditioning fatty acids and B vitamins that work to promote healthy skin. The formula features the brand's "Pause Complex," which combines vitamins, antioxidants and peptides that help boost collagen production.

Dr. Frank likes Caudalie Vinoperfect Brightening Moisturizer, a lightweight gel that contains niacinamide and hyaluronic acid for a boost of hydration. It can be applied in the mornings to the face and neck in order to brighten and moisturize the skin.

Acids in exfoliators help remove layers of dead skin cells to promote cell turnover, clear pores and reduce pigmentation. Look for words such as glycolic, lactic, mandelic or salicylic acid on the label.

Apply a dime-sized amount of facial exfoliator two to three times a week at night, Jarrod told us. Just dont overdo it too much exfoliation can rob skin of the fatty acids that protect the skin barrier.

This treatment addresses skin care concerns by exfoliating, purifying and smoothing the skin. Depending on your skin type, it can be used up to three times a week to improve the appearance of your complexion.

Dr. Frank likes Drunk Elephant T.L.C. Sukari Babyfacial, which has an eye-popping 25% glycolic and lactic acid blend to smooth and brighten skin. Since the formula uses clean ingredients, it is fragrance-free and won't leave the skin feeling irritated.

A derivative of salicylic acid can be found in Lancme Renergie Lift Multi-Action Ultra Milk Peel, a leave-on exfoliator that you apply after cleansing and before your moisturizer. The milky consistency feels smooth on the skin and should be applied with a cotton round.

Dermalogica Daily Microfoliant contains salicylic acid and foams up into a paste when activated with water. The formula can be applied daily to the skin to slough off dead skin cells and even out your complexion.

Although it is a bit of a splurge, this daily serum uses rich ingredients such as mandelic and lactic acid to unclog pores, even skin texture, reduce the appearance of fine lines and more. It can be applied to the face and neck to reveal brighter skin over time.

Bonus products: Our experts noted theres no harm incorporating a neck or eye cream into your routine in your 40s.

Look for targeted ingredients in a neck cream, such as tetrapeptides to promote collagen formation, antioxidant algae extract to protect against free radicals, glucosamine to stimulate hyaluronic acid and improve hydration while decreasing wrinkles, and omega-3 fatty acids to add moisture.

Apply a dime-size amount in the morning and evening, working your way up the neck to the jawline until the product is evenly distributed and absorbed, notes Gohara. Neck creams tend to be thicker than traditional moisturizers, so allow more time for them to absorb and be sure to follow up with a sunscreen in the morning.

Viera likes Revision Nectifirm Advanced, which uses peptides to smooth dry skin. Other ingredients such as lingonberry extract work with the skin's natural microbiome to provide soothing results.

Prai Ageless Throat & Dcolletage Creme has shea butter and hyaluronic acid to plump lines and effectively smooth the skin. For best results, the brand recommends applying the moisturizer twice daily to target areas.

Suzanne Somers Organics Neck Firming Crme contains tetrapeptides to support collagen and elastin growth. The formula is packed with skin-boosting ingredients such as hyaluronic acid and Swiss apple stem cells that help to combat signs of aging.

This cream can be applied twice daily in upward motions to hydrate and revitalize the skin. The formula is quick-absorbing, so it won't leave the skin feeling oily or greasy.

Look for ingredients like caffeine to reduce puffiness and dark circles, niacinamide and hyaluronic acid to plump fine lines, and arginine, growth factors, and retinol to boost collagen production.

Apply a pea-sized amount twice daily by gently patting the cream on with your ring finger, Viera said. Be sure to use any eye products containing retinoids at night to avoid sun sensitivity.

Dr. Viera likes Neocutis Lumire Illuminating Eye Cream, a lightweight cream that contains antioxidants to protect against environmental damage. In addition to its protective qualities, it can also be used to reduce the appearance of puffiness and dark circles.

RoC Retinol Correxion Eye Cream uses a derivative of vitamin A to accelerate the removal of dead skin cells, leaving you with visibly brighter skin. It targets concerns such as crow's feet, under-eye wrinkles, deep wrinkles and fine lines.

Skinbetter Science Interfuse Eye Treatment Cream contains caffeine to reduce puffiness and vitamin C to brighten the under-eye area. It is packed with humectants to help lock in moisture and promote healthy skin.

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The best anti aging skin care products to use in your 40s - TODAY

Medical skin care products are used for beautifying or to address some other skin care problems. The cosmetic industry is booming and skin care forms a very huge part of this industry. The aesthetic appearance is so important that people spend a lot on skin care products and treatment. People being more technologically aware of the various new skin care products trending in the market. In addition to the aesthetic application, the medical skin care products are also used to address issues such as acne, pimples or scars.

Medical Skin Care Products Market: Drivers and Restraints

The medical skin care products is primarily driven by the need of natural based active ingredients products which are now trending in the market. Consumers demand medical skin care products which favor health and environment. Moreover, the consumers are updated with the trends so that various companies end up providing such products to satisfy the customers. For instance, a single product face mask has thousands of different variants. This offers consumers different options to select the product depending on the skin type. Moreover, the market players catering to the medical skin care products are offering products with advanced technologies. For instance, Santinov launched the CICABEL mask using stem cell material based on advanced technologies. The stem cells used in the skin care product helps to to protect and activate the cells and promote the proliferation of skin epidermal cells and the anagenesis of skin fibrosis.

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Medical Skin Care Products Market: Segmentation

On the basis of product type the medical skin care products market can be segmented as:

On the basis of application, the medical skin care products market can be segment as:

On the basis of distribution channel, the medical skin care products market can be segment as:

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Medical Skin Care Products Market: Overview

Medical skin care products are used to address basic skin problems ranging from acne to scars. There are various advancements in the ingredients used to offer skin care products to the consumers. For instance, the use of hyaluronic acid and retinoids is the latest development in the industry. The anti-aging creams are at the forefront as the help treating issues such as wrinkles, scars, acne, and sun damage. Another, product in demand is the probiotic skincare which include lactobacillus and bifidobacterium.

Medical Skin Care Products Market: Region-wise Outlook

In terms of geography, medical skin care products market has been divided into five regions including North- America, Asia- Pacific, Middle-East & Africa, Latin America and Europe. North America dominated the global medical skin care products market as international players are acquiring domestic companies to make their hold strong in the U.S. LOral is accelerating its U.S. market by signing a definitive agreement with Valeant Pharmaceuticals International Inc. to acquire CeraVe, AcneFree and Ambi skin-care brands for US$ 1.3 billion. The acquisition is expected LOreal to get hold of the brands in the price-accessible segment. Asia Pacific is expected to be the fastest growing region owing to the increasing disposable income and rising awareness towards the skin care products.

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Medical Skin Care Products Market: Key Market Participants

Some of the medical skin care products market participants are Avon Products Inc., Beiersdorf AG, Colgate-Palmolive Company, Kao Corporation, LOral S.A., Procter & Gamble, Shiseido Company, The Estee Lauder Companies Inc., Unilever PLC, Revlon, Clinique Laboratories, llc., Murad, LLC., SkinCeuticals, RMS Beauty, J.R. Watkins and 100% PURE.

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Demand for Medical Skin Care Products Market Driven by Shifting Consumer Perceptions and Growing Awareness - Market Research Vista

Exclusive breastfeeding is recommended for the first six months of an infant's life with the introduction of appropriate complementary foods, for at least the first year and beyond.(Photo: FamVeld, Getty Images/iStockphoto)

August is recognized as National Breastfeeding Awareness month. Itfocuses to educate and raise awareness on the importance of breastfeeding and the many significant health benefits for newborns.

According to the American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP), the American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologistsand the Canadian Pediatric Society, nothing can compare to the nutritional benefits of a mothers breastmilk.

Accordingly, exclusive breastfeeding is recommended for the first six months of an infant's life with the introduction of appropriate complementary foods, for at least the first year and beyond.

Likewise, the World Health Organization (WHO) recommends breastfeeding for the first two years of an infant's life.

Both moms and babies benefit from breastfeeding.

Margaret Nemethy is a Certified Pediatric Nurse Practitioner for Pediatrics in Brevard's Melbourne office.(Photo: Provided)

Short-term benefits include improvement in neurobehavior and gastrointestinal function, prevention of illness and improved mortality rates for infants.

Long-term benefits can include prevention of acute and chronic conditions and improved neurodevelopmental outcomes.

In addition, benefits of breastfeeding for mothers include a reduced risk of postpartum blood loss and delayed ovulation.

Long-term benefits may also include prevention of cancer, cardiovascular diseaseand Type 2 Diabetes.

From a clinical standpoint, human milk is a living biologic substance of macro and micronutrients.

Human milk contains living cells, growth factorsand immuno-protective substances.

Germ fighters in human milk include immunoglobulins, proteins present in the serum and cells of the immune system function as antibodies; lysozymes, an antimicrobial enzyme; lactoferrin, another multi-functional protein; white blood cells and stem cells.

Breast milk also contains free fatty acids and monoglycerides; bile salt-stimulated lipase, an enzyme which aids in the digestion of fats; mucins (protein), and human milk oligosaccharides, which have prebiotic and antimicrobial activities to aid digestion.

Combined, these substances help protect against gastrointestinal and other infections including necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC), a serious gastrointestinal disease that can affect premature infants.

Additionally, when comparing breast milk to formula, human milk has been shown to reduce the risk of diarrhea, increase gastric emptyingand increase lactase activity.

Additionally, human milk influences the development of healthy normal flora such as Bifidobacterium and lactobacillus, considered as friendly bacteria" which helps maintain a healthy digestive tract.

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The American Academy of Pediatrics recommends all premature babies weighing less than 3.3 pounds receive either mothers breast milk or pasteurized donor human milk.

In a study in the United Kingdom, infants who were breastfed exclusively for six months had a decreased risk of severe or persistent diarrhea compared with infants who breastfeed exclusively for less than four months.

Breastfeeding can also prevent chronic diarrhea leading to dehydration and malnutrition.

Further, breastfeeding also lowers the risk of respiratory disease in infants.

One study conducted in the United States and Europe demonstrated the risk of respiratory infections being reduced by 20 percent in 3-to-6-month-old infants who were breastfed.

Breastfeeding is estimated to prevent almost 21,000 hospitalizations and an average of 40 deaths from lower respiratory tract infections in the first year of an infants life.

Breastfeeding can also prevent acute and recurrent middle ear infections when compared to formula fed infants.

Further, research finds it more beneficial for the infant to be fed directly from the breast rather than pumped breast milk from a bottle.

Additionally, a study in Sweden found formula-fed infants had a significantly higher risk of urinary tract infections than breastfed infants.

Extended exclusive nursing, up to seven months, appeared to be most beneficial.

Breastfed infants had greater amounts of oligosaccharides, for cell recognition and binding; the lactoferrin protein, and secretory IgA, an antibody which plays a critical role in immunity, compared to formula-fed infants.

Neonatal sepsis, a severe infection in tissues and organs, and Sudden Infant Death Syndrome (SIDS) are also less likely if an infant is breastfed.

Neurobehavioral benefits of skin-to-skin breastfeeding include decreased infant crying, increased blood glucose levelsand greater cardiovascular stability in late preterm infants.

Additional studies conclude breastfed babies had increased salivary cortisol levels, which provide pain relieving effects.

Moreover, if an infant is exclusively breastfed for five months, they have a lower risk of infection-related mortalities than those who were only partially breastfed, or not at all.

In addition, children ages 6 to 23 months had a higher risk of infection if not breastfed compared to those who continued to breastfeed.

There also is moderate evidence in clinical studies that breastfeeding may help long-term by preventing Type 1 Diabetes, inflammatory bowel diseaseand wheezing following an upper respiratory infection with improved dental health.

An analysis showed breastfeeding may also be associated with slightly improved performance on intelligence testing.

Children who were reportedly breastfed scored an average of 3.4 points higher on tests than those who were never breastfed.

Behavioral problems in children were found to be less at age 5 if the child was breast fed as an infant rather than formula fed.

Lactation consultants, nurse practitioners and/or your pediatrician can provide education on how to successfully breastfeed infants to ensure adequate weight gain during those first few weeks of life.

Lactation consultants specialize in identifying problems such as poor latching, weight gain issues or infantile tongue tie, which could cause unsuccessful breastfeeding.

While 83 percent of U.S. infants receive breast milk at birth, only 25 percent exclusively still breastfeed at six months of age.

Overall, research from countless, respected medical groups continually suggest breast is always best for our newborns to gain significant nutritional benefits and health advantages to support their well-being, throughout their life.

For more information, go to https://www.aap.org/en-us/advocacy-and-policy/aap-health-initiatives/Breastfeeding/Pages/default.aspx.

Margaret Nemethy, ARNP,PPCNP-BC,has been a Certified Pediatric Nurse Practitioner for more than 27 years. She presently worksout of the Pediatrics in Brevard, Melbourne office.

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Pediatrics in Brevard: Nothing beats the benefits of breastmilk for newborns - Florida Today

When Ralph Fisher, a Texas cattle rancher, set eyes on one of the worlds first cloned calves in August 1999, he didnt care what the scientists said: He knew it was his old Brahman bull, Chance, born again. About a year earlier, veterinarians at Texas A&M extracted DNA from one of Chances moles and used the sample to create a genetic double. Chance didnt live to meet his second self, but when the calf was born, Fisher christened him Second Chance, convinced he was the same animal.

Scientists cautioned Fisher that clones are more like twins than carbon copies: The two may act or even look different from one another. But as far as Fisher was concerned, Second Chance was Chance. Not only did they look identical from a certain distance, they behaved the same way as well. They ate with the same odd mannerisms; laid in the same spot in the yard. But in 2003, Second Chance attacked Fisher and tried to gore him with his horns. About 18 months later, the bull tossed Fisher into the air like an inconvenience and rammed him into the fence. Despite 80 stitches and a torn scrotum, Fisher resisted the idea that Second Chance was unlike his tame namesake, telling the radio program This American Life that I forgive him, you know?

In the two decades since Second Chance marked a genetic engineering milestone, cattle have secured a place on the front lines of biotechnology research. Today, scientists around the world are using cutting-edge technologies, from subcutaneous biosensors to specialized food supplements, in an effort to improve safety and efficiency within the $385 billion global cattle meat industry. Beyond boosting profits, their efforts are driven by an imminent climate crisis, in which cattle play a significant role, and growing concern for livestock welfare among consumers.

Gene editing stands out as the most revolutionary of these technologies. Although gene-edited cattle have yet to be granted approval for human consumption, researchers say tools like Crispr-Cas9 could let them improve on conventional breeding practices and create cows that are healthier, meatier, and less detrimental to the environment. Cows are also being given genes from the human immune system to create antibodies in the fight against Covid-19. (The genes of non-bovine livestock such as pigs and goats, meanwhile, have been hacked to grow transplantable human organs and produce cancer drugs in their milk.)

But some experts worry biotech cattle may never make it out of the barn. For one thing, theres the optics issue: Gene editing tends to grab headlines for its role in controversial research and biotech blunders. Crispr-Cas9 is often celebrated for its potential to alter the blueprint of life, but that enormous promise can become a liability in the hands of rogue and unscrupulous researchers, tempting regulatory agencies to toughen restrictions on the technologys use. And its unclear how eager the public will be to buy beef from gene-edited animals. So the question isnt just if the technology will work in developing supercharged cattle, but whether consumers and regulators will support it.

Cattle are catalysts for climate change. Livestock account for an estimated 14.5 percent of greenhouse gas emissions from human activities, of which cattle are responsible for about two thirds, according to the United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO). One simple way to address the issue is to eat less meat. But meat consumption is expected to increase along with global population and average income. A 2012 report by the FAO projected that meat production will increase by 76 percent by 2050, as beef consumption increases by 1.2 percent annually. And the United States is projected to set a record for beef production in 2021, according to the Department of Agriculture.

For Alison Van Eenennaam, an animal geneticist at the University of California, Davis, part of the answer is creating more efficient cattle that rely on fewer resources. According to Van Eenennaam, the number of dairy cows in the United States decreased from around 25 million in the 1940s to around 9 million in 2007, while milk production has increased by nearly 60 percent. Van Eenennaam credits this boost in productivity to conventional selective breeding.

You dont need to be a rocket scientist or even a mathematician to figure out that the environmental footprint or the greenhouse gases associated with a glass of milk today is about one-third of that associated with a glass of milk in the 1940s, she says. Anything you can do to accelerate the rate of conventional breeding is going to reduce the environmental footprint of a glass of milk or a pound of meat.

Modern gene-editing tools may fuel that acceleration. By making precise cuts to DNA, geneticists insert or remove naturally occurring genes associated with specific traits. Some experts insist that gene editing has the potential to spark a new food revolution.

The question isnt just if the technology will work in developing supercharged cattle, but whether consumers and regulators will support it.

Jon Oatley, a reproductive biologist at Washington State University, wants to use Crispr-Cas9 to fine tune the genetic code of rugged, disease-resistant, and heat-tolerant bulls that have been bred to thrive on the open range. By disabling a gene called NANOS2, he says he aims to eliminate the capacity for a bull to make his own sperm, turning the recipient into a surrogate for sperm-producing stem cells from more productive prized stock. These surrogate sires, equipped with sperm from prize bulls, would then be released into range herds that are often genetically isolated and difficult to access, and the premium genes would then be transmitted to their offspring.

Furthermore, surrogate sires would enable ranchers to introduce desired traits without having to wrangle their herd into one place for artificial insemination, says Oatley. He envisions the gene-edited bulls serving herds in tropical regions like Brazil, the worlds largest beef exporter and home to around 200 million of the approximately 1.5 billion head of cattle on Earth.

Brazils herds are dominated by Nelore, a hardy breed that lacks the carcass and meat quality of breeds like Angus but can withstand high heat and humidity. Put an Angus bull on a tropical pasture and hes probably going to last maybe a month before he succumbs to the environment, says Oatley, while a Nelore bull carrying Angus sperm would have no problem with the climate.

The goal, according to Oatley, is to introduce genes from beefier bulls into these less efficient herds, increasing their productivity and decreasing their overall impact on the environment. We have shrinking resources, he says, and need new, innovative strategies for making those limited resources last.

Oatley has demonstrated his technique in mice but faces challenges with livestock. For starters, disabling NANOS2 does not definitively prevent the surrogate bull from producing some of its own sperm. And while Oatley has shown he can transplant sperm-producing cells into surrogate livestock, researchers have not yet published evidence showing that the surrogates produce enough quality sperm to support natural fertilization. How many cells will you need to make this bull actually fertile? asks Ina Dobrinski, a reproductive biologist at the University of Calgary who helped pioneer germ cell transplantation in large animals.

But Oatleys greatest challenge may be one shared with others in the bioengineered cattle industry: overcoming regulatory restrictions and societal suspicion. Surrogate sires would be classified as gene-edited animals by the Food and Drug Administration, meaning theyd face a rigorous approval process before their offspring could be sold for human consumption. But Oatley maintains that if his method is successful, the sperm itself would not be gene-edited, nor would the resulting offspring. The only gene-edited specimens would be the surrogate sires, which act like vessels in which the elite sperm travel.

Even so, says Dobrinski, Thats a very detailed difference and Im not sure how that will work with regulatory and consumer acceptance.

In fact, American attitudes towards gene editing have been generally positive when the modification is in the interest of animal welfare. Many dairy farmers prefer hornless cows horns can inflict damage when wielded by 1,500-pound animals so they often burn them off in a painful process using corrosive chemicals and scalding irons. In a study published last year in the journal PLOS One, researchers found that most Americans are willing to consume food products from cows genetically modified to be hornless.

Still, experts say several high-profile gene-editing failures in livestock and humans in recent years may lead consumers to consider new biotechnologies to be dangerous and unwieldy.

In 2014, a Minnesota startup called Recombinetics, a company with which Van Eenennaams lab has collaborated, created a pair of cross-bred Holstein bulls using the gene-editing tool TALENs, a precursor to Crispr-Cas9, making cuts to the bovine DNA and altering the genes to prevent the bulls from growing horns. Holstein cattle, which almost always carry horned genes, are highly productive dairy cows, so using conventional breeding to introduce hornless genes from less productive breeds can compromise the Holsteins productivity. Gene editing offered a chance to introduce only the genes Recombinetics wanted. Their hope was to use this experiment to prove that milk from the bulls female progeny was nutritionally equivalent to milk from non-edited stock. Such results could inform future efforts to make Holsteins hornless but no less productive.

The experiment seemed to work. In 2015, Buri and Spotigy were born. Over the next few years, the breakthrough received widespread media coverage, and when Buris hornless descendant graced the cover of Wired magazine in April 2019, it did so as the ostensible face of the livestock industrys future.

But early last year, a bioinformatician at the FDA ran a test on Buris genome and discovered an unexpected sliver of genetic code that didnt belong. Traces of bacterial DNA called a plasmid, which Recombinetics used to edit the bulls genome, had stayed behind in the editing process, carrying genes linked to antibiotic resistance in bacteria. After the agency published its findings, the media reaction was swift and fierce: FDA finds a surprise in gene-edited cattle: antibiotic-resistant, non-bovine DNA, read one headline. Part cow, part bacterium? read another.

Recombinetics has since insisted that the leftover plasmid DNA was likely harmless and stressed that this sort of genetic slipup is not uncommon.

Is there any risk with the plasmid? I would say theres none, says Tad Sonstegard, president and CEO of Acceligen, a Recombinetics subsidiary. We eat plasmids all the time, and were filled with microorganisms in our body that have plasmids. In hindsight, Sonstegard says his teams only mistake was not properly screening for the plasmid to begin with.

While the presence of antibiotic-resistant plasmid genes in beef probably does not pose a direct threat to consumers, according to Jennifer Kuzma, a professor of science and technology policy and co-director of the Genetic Engineering and Society Center at North Carolina State University, it does raise the possible risk of introducing antibiotic-resistant genes into the microflora of peoples digestive systems. Although unlikely, organisms in the gut could integrate those genes into their own DNA and, as a result, proliferate antibiotic resistance, making it more difficult to fight off bacterial diseases.

The lesson that I think is learned there is that science is never 100 percent certain, and that when youre doing a risk assessment, having some humility in your technology product is important, because you never know what youre going to discover further down the road, she says. In the case of Recombinetics. I dont think there was any ill intent on the part of the researchers, but sometimes being very optimistic about your technology and enthusiastic about it causes you to have blinders on when it comes to risk assessment.

The FDA eventually clarified its results, insisting that the study was meant only to publicize the presence of the plasmid, not to suggest the bacterial DNA was necessarily dangerous. Nonetheless, the damage was done. As a result of the blunder,a plan was quashed forRecombinetics to raise an experimental herd in Brazil.

Sometimes being very optimistic about your technology and enthusiastic about it causes you to have blinders on when it comes to risk assessment.

Backlash to the FDA study exposed a fundamental disagreement between the agency and livestock biotechnologists. Scientists like Van Eenennaam, who in 2017 received a $500,000 grant from the Department of Agriculture to study Buris progeny, disagree with the FDAs strict regulatory approach to gene-edited animals. Typical GMOs are transgenic, meaning they have genes from multiple different species, but modern gene-editing techniques allow scientists to stay roughly within the confines of conventional breeding, adding and removing traits that naturally occur within the species. That said, gene editing is not yet free from errors and sometimes intended changes result in unintended alterations, notes Heather Lombardi, division director of animal bioengineering and cellular therapies at the FDAs Center for Veterinary Medicine. For that reason, the FDA remains cautious.

Theres a lot out there that I think is still unknown in terms of unintended consequences associated with using genome-editing technology, says Lombardi. Were just trying to get an understanding of what the potential impact is, if any, on safety.

Bhanu Telugu, an animal scientist at the University of Maryland and president and chief science officer at the agriculture technology startup RenOVAte Biosciences, worries that biotech companies will migrate their experiments to countries with looser regulatory environments. Perhaps more pressingly, he says strict regulation requiring long and expensive approval processes may incentivize these companies to work only on traits that are most profitable, rather than those that may have the greatest benefit for livestock and society, such as animal well-being and the environment.

What company would be willing to spend $20 million on potentially alleviating heat stress at this point? he asks.

On a windy winter afternoon, Raluca Mateescu leaned against a fence post at the University of Floridas Beef Teaching Unit while a Brahman heifer sniffed inquisitively at the air and reached out its tongue in search of unseen food. Since 2017, Mateescu, an animal geneticist at the university, has been part of a team studying heat and humidity tolerance in breeds like Brahman and Brangus (a mix between Brahman and Angus cattle). Her aim is to identify the genetic markers that contribute to a breeds climate resilience, markers that might lead to more precise breeding and gene-editing practices.

In the South, Mateescu says, heat and humidity are a major problem. That poses a stress to the animals because theyre selected for intense production to produce milk or grow fast and produce a lot of muscle and fat.

Like Nelore cattle in South America, Brahman are well-suited for tropical and subtropical climates, but their high tolerance for heat and humidity comes at the cost of lower meat quality than other breeds. Mateescu and her team have examined skin biopsies and found that relatively large sweat glands allow Brahman to better regulate their internal body temperature. With funding from the USDAs National Institute of Food and Agriculture, the researchers now plan to identify specific genetic markers that correlate with tolerance to tropical conditions.

If were selecting for animals that produce more without having a way to cool off, were going to run into trouble, she says.

A Brahman cow at the University of Floridas Beef Teaching Unit. Visual: Dyllan Furness

There are other avenues in biotechnology beyond gene editing that may help reduce the cattle industrys footprint. Although still early in their development, lab-cultured meats may someday undermine todays beef producers by offering consumers an affordable alternative to the conventionally grown product, without the animal welfare and environmental concerns that arise from eating beef harvested from a carcass.

Other biotech techniques hope to improve the beef industry without displacing it. In Switzerland, scientists at a startup called Mootral are experimenting with a garlic-based food supplement designed to alter the bovine digestive makeup to reduce the amount of methane they emit. Studies have shown the product to reduce methane emissions by about 20 percent in meat cattle, according to The New York Times.

In order to adhere to the Paris climate agreement, Mootrals owner, Thomas Hafner, believes demand will grow as governments require methane reductions from their livestock producers. We are working from the assumption that down the line every cow will be regulated to be on a methane reducer, he told The New York Times.

Meanwhile, a farm science research institute in New Zealand, AgResearch, hopes to target methane production at its source by eliminating methanogens, the microbes thought to be responsible for producing the greenhouse gas in ruminants. The AgResearch team is attempting to develop a vaccine to alter the cattle guts microbial composition, according to the BBC.

Genomic testing may also allow cattle producers to see what genes calves carry before theyre born, according to Mateescu, enabling producers to make smarter breeding decisions and select for the most desirable traits, whether it be heat tolerance, disease resistance, or carcass weight.

Despite all these efforts, questions remain as to whether biotech can ever dramatically reduce the industrys emissions or afford humane treatment to captive animals in resource-intensive operations. To many of the industrys critics, including environmental and animal rights activists, the very nature of the practice of rearing livestock for human consumption erodes the noble goal of sustainable food production. Rather than revamp the industry, these critics suggest alternatives such as meat-free diets to fulfill our need for protein. Indeed, data suggests many young consumers are already incorporating plant-based meats into their meals.

Ultimately, though, climate change may be the most pressing issue facing the cattle industry, according to Telugu of the University of Maryland, which received a grant from the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation to improve productivity and adaptability in African cattle. We cannot breed our way out of this, he says.

Dyllan Furness is a Florida-based science and technology journalist. His work has appeared in Quartz, OneZero, and PBS, among other outlets.

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Biotechnology Could Change the Cattle Industry. Will it Succeed? - Undark Magazine

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If you're on a quest for smooth, glowing skin (and let's be real, who isn't?), the answer may just lie in exfoliation. But before you go hunting for some new skincare, it's important to note that not all exfoliators are created equal. The right exfoliator depends heavily on your skin type, the ingredient list, and for physical exfoliants, the size of the exfoliating particles themselves. Proper technique is also important for avoiding irritation or even infection.

I spoke with NYC dermatologist Dr. Hadley King to break down the process of exfoliation, explain what to look for in an exfoliator, and share her top product recommendations.

Simply put, exfoliation is the process of removing the outermost layers of the skin, which mostly consist of dead skin cells. According to Dr. King, this unclogs pores, keeps skin clean, and helps reduce acne breakouts. It also helps to polish the skin and even out texture, decreasing the appearance of fine lines and wrinkles.

The idea of shedding layers of skin might set off alarm bells for those of us with dry or sensitive skin, but exfoliation actually aids in retaining moisture. "Exfoliation exposes a fresh layer of skin that is ready to retain hydration when moisturizer is applied afterward, helping to plump the skin with moisture, which makes it look younger, smoother and healthier," Dr. King says. "And over time, regular exfoliation can increase cell turnover and stimulate collagen production" for healthier, bouncier skin.

If you're familiar with exfoliation, you've likely heard talk about chemical versus physical. Chemical exfoliation is the use of acids to break down the bonds holding together dead skin cells. Common acids used are salicylic acid, glycolic acid, fruit enzymes, citric acid, or malic acid. Water-soluble acids (like glycolic, malic, and citric acids) are classified as AHAs (or alpha hydroxy acids), while oil-soluble acids (like salicylic acid) are classified as BHAs (or beta hydroxy acids). Because of these properties, those with normal to dry skin or sun damage can benefit from AHAs, while those who are oily and acne-prone typically do better with BHAs.

Physical exfoliation, on the other hand, involves physically scrubbing away dead skin cells. This can be done with abrasive materials like sponges and loofahs as well as microbead facial scrubs, salt or sugar crystals, or adhesive exfoliation sheets.

There's a lot of debate in the skincare community about which form of exfoliation is better, but Dr. King says that both have pros and cons. "The potential risk with physical exfoliation is that if you use a product that has particles that are large and rough with sharp edges, you can create micro-tears in the skin that can lead to irritation, inflammation, and possibly even infection," she says. This is often the critique of products such as St. Ives Apricot Scrub, and was the center of the controversy around the Walnut Face Scrub that Kylie Jenner released as a part of her skincare line in 2019. But if the particles are fine enough and you apply them gently, Dr. King says that physical scrubs can be just fine. She also notes that those regularly using retinoids might benefit from gentle physical exfoliation, as chemical exfoliators often increase retinoids' potential to cause irritation and dryness.

Both chemical and physical exfoliation can be used on the face and the body it just depends on the individual.

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Chemical exfoliation tends to be the safest way to exfoliate the face, especially if your skin is very sensitive. After cleansing, apply chemical exfoliant in small, circular motions, either on a cotton round or with your fingers. If the product is a face wash or peel, follow the application directions on the packaging and then gently rinse with lukewarm water.

Following chemical exfoliation, it's very important to apply moisturizer in order to replenish the skin. If you're exfoliating during the day, you'll also need an SPF, as harsh chemicals cause skin to become more susceptible to sun damage. For caution's sake, it's best to keep chemical exfoliants as part of your evening skincare routine.

When using a physical exfoliant, apply the product in circular motions using very light pressure to avoid irritation or tearing. Rinse your face with lukewarm water and follow with moisturizer.

Physical exfoliators tend to work best on the rougher areas of the body, like heels, knees, and elbows. You can apply directly with your hands, but a sponge or natural bristle brush might be more effective for hard-to-reach areas. Use gente, circular motions and make sure to rinse well.

You might not think to use chemical exfoliants on the body, but Dr. King says they can be very effective on acne-prone areas like the upper back and chest. For scrubs that contain chemical exfoliants, follow the same application technique as above. For body exfoliators in the form of a serum or cream, apply gently to clean skin until absorbed.

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New Delhi: Human immunity and its components have never been the topic of such breathless discussion for such a long time. But then, there has never been a time like the Covid-19 pandemic.

Between serological surveys (that check the level of antibodies against the SARS-CoV-2 virus in blood), rapid antigen tests (that test for the part of the virus that kickstarts immune mechanisms) and the quest for vaccines, the immune system is very much in.

That is also why lymphocytes (a class of white blood cells), especially the ones known as T-cells are the flavour of the season. They are probably the single most important component of the immune system; though given the perfectly synchronised working of the defence mechanism of the body, it may be a little unfair to designate any one as more important than the another.

T-cells play a plethora of roles in immunity as killer cells that can attack an infected cell and kill it along with the infecting agent, and as suppressor cells that modulate the level of functioning of other lymphocytes. They also have a starring role in the production of antibodies, a function performed by the other variant of lymphocytes called the B cells.

Latest research in Nature shows that presence of T-cells from earlier encounters with coronaviruses could have an important role to play in the bodys immune response, and therefore, a better understanding of it is crucial for the development of a vaccine.

The published data discussed here indicate that patients with severe COVID-19 can have either insufficient or excessive T cell responses. It is possible, therefore, that disease might occur in different patients at either end of this immune response spectrum, in one case from virus-mediated pathology and in the other case from T cell-driven immunopathology.

However, it is unclear why some patients respond too little and some patients too much, and whether the strength of the T cell response in the peripheral blood reflects the T cell response intensity in the respiratory tract and other SARS-CoV-2-infected organs, wrote the researchers from the University of Pennsylvania. They called for more research on the topic.

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Turns out, antibodies may or may not last, but T-cells are the new superheroes with the potential to possibly save the planet.

Also read: T Cells the unsung immune warriors that takeover after coronavirus antibodies wane

Immunity is of two kinds innate and acquired.

The defence mechanisms that the body is born with is known an innate immunity. This includes something as simple as the ability of the skin to prevent inner, more vulnerable tissues, from coming in contact with the external environment.

Acquired immunity, as the name suggests, is something that develops over time through exposure to pathogens or disease causing agents like virus and bacteria. Acquired immunity kicks in either through antibodies (this is known as humoral immunity) or through cells programmed to destroy invading organisms by causing the dissolution of the very cells that have been infected.

White blood cells (WBC) play a crucial role in immunity. There are five different kinds of WBCs eosinophil, basophil, neutrophil, monocyte and lymphocyte. Among these, the most important are lymphocytes, which include the T lymphocytes and the B lymphocytes. However, the others also have important roles to play as supporting cast. For the present discussion, we are concentrating on lymphocytes.

Also read: Immunity boosters are a myth why you shouldnt believe claims that promise to fight Covid

Structurally, under a microscope, very little differentiates a T-lymphocyte from a B lymphocyte. Both varieties are formed in the bone marrow from stem cells, get trained in different organs and then lodge themselves in the lymph nodes from where they are deployed when the occasion arises.

The training is important. It teaches the cells not to start attacking the bodys own cells. T-cells get trained antenatally (during pregnancy) and for some time after that in the thymus, a small gland present between the lungs only till puberty. B cells are trained in the foetal liver and bone marrow.

When a pathogen invades, specific chemicals unique to it (often proteins or complex carbohydrates) activate the bodys immune system. This activator, which is a unique feature of the invading pathogen, is the antigen. This is what the rapid antigen test looks for.

When an antigen has been detected, the T-cells troop out of the lymph node in an activated form and travel to the affected areas to take on the infection. The activated cells, called the Killer T cells, attach themselves to the membrane of the infected cell and with help of cytotoxic chemicals, kill the cell and destroy the invader with it. This is cell-mediated immunity. It is the basis of what happens when transplanted organs are rejected.

The thymus training teaches T-cells to ignore the antigens that are present within the body and not attack them. When that lesson is forgotten, because of genetic or environmental reasons, an autoimmune disorder is triggered.

Antigens set in motion a different pathway in the B lymphocytes. These enlarge and start duplicating very rapidly to form many clones, all of which, on maturity, start producing antibodies. The whole process happens very fast.

Antibodies are protein molecules that are present in the plasma, the matrix of the blood in which the cells float. Not all T-cells though turn into cytotoxic killers. Some become what are known as helper T cells, to go and further activate B lymphocytes to produce antibodies. In fact, without these helper cells, the antibody output is not quite sufficient to combat the invading particle.

Antibodies can directly kill the invader using a number of different mechanisms at their disposal. They can also activate a set of proteins present in the blood plasma that in turn can attack the invader using their own pathways.

Once the infection has been tackled, some of the B lymphocytes are tucked away with information about how this was done. These are memory cells that remain dormant until the next invasion happens. These ensure that when an infection recurs, the response is expedited, magnified and is longer lasting. This is the principle behind vaccination to teach the body to identify and combat a pathogen so that when a future infection happens, the response is stronger.

Also read:An Oxford immunologist breaks down how the universitys vaccine works against Covid-19

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T cells, B cells and the range of the human bodys immune response A simple decoder - ThePrint

Antibody mysteries

Antibody tests can help reveal who has been infected with the coronavirus, but the tests dont say whether the antibodies protect against future infections, Erin Garcia de Jesus reported in So many questions on antibody testing (SN: 6/6/20, p. 22).

Reader Bob Reckers asked if antibodies for cold-causing coronaviruses, which are detectable by the coronavirus antibody tests, could bind to the coronavirus. This could explain the wide variations in severity of COVID19 infections, he wrote. People who recently had a (cold) might have some level of protection.

Antibodies produced in reaction to some colds certainly could bind to the coronavirus that causes COVID-19, says Garcia de Jesus. But those antibodies dont appear to last long. Its unclear whether antibodies from a recent cold would offer protection or worsen COVID-19 symptoms, she says. For dengue viruses, antibodies sometimes can lead to severe symptoms. When people who have had dengue are infected with a different strain, antibodies from the previous infection help the new virus invade cells, putting those people at higher risk for severe symptoms. Theres no evidence in people either way for COVID-19, and not enough time has passed for researchers to fully study this question, Garcia de Jesus says.

Cell phone apps that have helped South Korea and China get a grip on the coronavirus spread could help public health workers in the United States, Jonathan Lambert reported in A sprint to contact tracing (SN: 6/6/20, p. 19).

To comply with contact tracing apps, people in the United States must know that their privacy is protected, reader Cielo DeCastro noted. It must be made explicit that identification between devices is anonymized and securely stored in encrypted form to prevent violation of privacy. The application should not gather any other information or track ones geolocation, he wrote. DeCastro acknowledged that phone tracking may be necessary for public health, but the peoples right to privacy must not be overlooked.

Lambert agrees that privacy around contact tracing apps is a major issue. The TraceTogether app mentioned in the story uses anonymized data gained through proximity tracking, whereby a phone exchanges encrypted data via Bluetooth with nearby phones. This method is considered less invasive than the geolocation tracking used by many apps on our phones (SN: 2/3/18, p. 18).

In June, U.S. legislators introduced the Exposure Notification Privacy Act. This bill would require anyone who operates a contact tracing app to collaborate with public health officials, make app use voluntary and prevent commercial use of data collected by the apps.

Scientists coaxed human stem cells into populating various organs and blood of growing mouse embryos, Laura Sanders reported in Mouse embryos host human cells (SN: 6/6/20, p. 7).

The story made my skin crawl, reader Jerome Knies wrote. What kind of moral supervision governs such experimentation?heasked.

Little clarity exists, Sanders says. Individual countries have an array of guidelines for conducting human chimera experiments, and individual research institutions often have their own approval committees, she says. For what its worth, the International Society for Stem Cell Research highlights two potential concerns: chimeras with humanlike brains and chimeras that can pass human genes to offspring. The organization flagged those scenarios as ones that require careful ethical considerations, Sanders says.

Quantum computings error problem (SN: 6/20/20, p. 18) explained how two photons within a superconducting microwave cavity might represent a value of 0, with four qubits representing 1. This is incorrect. Four photons would represent 1.

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Readers ask about antibody tests, chimeras and public health and privacy - Finance Brokerage

You might be able to do your seven-step skincare routine in your sleep, but have you given any TLC to the rest of the skin on your body lately? Your face may be glowing and nearly pore-less, but the dry, cracked skin on your elbows might be screaming out for help. Treat your parched and scaly skin to one of the best sugar body scrubs. You might hesitate when you hear the word scrub, especially if you have sensitive skin, but dont worry. Unlike other exfoliating scrubs, this one wont totally dry out your skin and leave it worse off than before. The sugar, which is much gentler than salt, is combined with oil to slough off dead dull skin cells and moisturize your healthy skin underneath at the same time.

Its basically a 2-in-1 skincare product that you bring into the shower with you. You accomplish two tasks at once. You just gently massage it into your skin when you shower and rinse it off. Its that easy. These body scrubs are must-haves. Theyll make your after-shower moisturizing that much more effective. We rounded up the top sugar body scrubs for you. You can even use a few of them on your face and lipstalk about a versatile product.

Our mission at STYLECASTER is to bring style to the people, and we only feature products we think youll love as much as we do. Please note that if you purchase something by clicking on a link within this story, we may receive a small commission of the sale and the retailer may receive certain auditable data for accounting purposes.

Made out of shea butter and a mix of seed and fruit oils, this is definitely a popular sugar scrub. You rub it on your skin as you shower and it both softens and moisturizes your skin, while hitting you with a beautiful aroma. Its a great exfoliator and removes dead skin. There are four different varieties of sugar scrub, including Tropical Mango, Pear & Chia, Mocha & Coffee Bean and Amazon Pequi.

Courtesy of Tree Hut.

The exfoliating scrub will remove any dead skin and moisturize the healthy, elastic skin underneath. Designed for sensitive skin, the scrub gives you a gentle treatment that wont leave your skin feeling dried out. This scrub isnt just for your body either. You can also use it on your face and feet. It can even be a lip scrub in a pinch. Youll feel like you just stepped out of a spa treatment.

Courtesy of Brooklyn Botany.

This brown sugar scrub has a few extra secret weapons baked incollagen and stem cells. This antioxidant rich scrub gives you healthier, more elastic skin while also getting rid of toxins. Your skin will look younger and more supple after a good scrub, because its moisturizing. In addition to getting rid of blackheads, the face and body scrub can also reduce the size of your pores.

Courtesy of M3 Naturals.

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The Best Sugar Body Scrubs That You Can Buy on Amazon - STYLECASTER

The Regenerative Medicine Market report 2020 covers all the significant developments which are recently being adopted across the global market. The prime objective of the Regenerative Medicine market report is to provides an in-depth analysis of all market dynamics including drivers and restraints, and trends, and opportunities. The Regenerative Medicine market report covers both the demand and supply aspects of the market. The report also highlighted the future trends in the Regenerative Medicine market that will impact the demand during the forecast period.

Scope of the Report:

As per the , regenerative medicines are used to repair, replace, and regenerate the tissues and organs affected by injury, disease, or the natural aging process. These medicines restore the functionality of cells and tissues and are used in several degenerative disorders, such as dermatology, neurodegenerative diseases, cardiovascular, and orthopedic applications.

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Market Overview:

Some of the Top Key Players of Regenerative Medicine Market Report Are:

Report Highlights:

For More Information or Query or Customization Before Buying, Visit at https://www.industryresearch.co/enquiry/pre-order-enquiry/14244620

Key Market Trends:

Dermatology is the Segment by Application that is Expected to be the Largest During the Forecast Period

Dermatology is estimated to have the largest share in revenue generation, and this high contribution is attributive to the presence of easy grafting techniques for dermatological wounds and diseases. Skin, being an organ with great cell replication characteristics, provides various types of stem cells from its different layers. Therefore, there are a broad range of products present, from patches to cure small injuries to matrix and grafts for chronic wounds and burns. Thus, the segment is expected to continue to dominate the market through to the forecast period.

The increasing number of accidents and bone defects is also expected to drive the regenerative medicine market. There are also several research studies that are being conducted on tissue engineering for the development of bone graft substitutes, with the help of regenerative medicine. So, with the new advances in bone graft, the market is expected to grow over the forecast period.

North America Holds the Largest Share and is Expected to Follow the Same Trend Over the Forecast Period

North America is estimated to have the largest share, in terms of revenue, owing to the presence of major players and rapid advances in technology, along with high investments in stem cell and oncology research. There is also an increasing prevalence of diseases, such as cancer and diabetes, which can now be cured by various stem cell therapies. Additionally, the awareness regarding the available stem cell procedures and therapies among people is rising, which in turn, is increasing the demand for the overall market.

The Report Covers:

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Detailed TOC of Regenerative Medicine Market Report 2020-2024:

1 INTRODUCTION1.1 Study Deliverables1.2 Study Assumptions1.3 Scope of the Study

2 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

3 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

4 MARKET DYNAMICS4.1 Market Overview4.2 Market Drivers4.2.1 Increasing Adoption of Stem Cell Technology4.2.2 Technological Advancements in Regenerative Medicine4.3 Market Restraints4.3.1 Regulatory and Ethical Issues4.3.2 High Cost of Treatments4.4 Porters Five Forces Analysis4.4.1 Threat of New Entrants4.4.2 Bargaining Power of Buyers/Consumers4.4.3 Bargaining Power of Suppliers4.4.4 Threat of Substitute Products4.4.5 Intensity of Competitive Rivalry

5 MARKET SEGMENTATION5.1 By Type of Technology5.1.1 Stem Cell Therapy5.1.2 Biomaterial5.1.3 Tissue Engineering5.1.4 Other Types of Technologies5.2 By Application5.2.1 Bone Graft Substitutes5.2.2 Osteoarticular Diseases5.2.3 Dermatology5.2.4 Cardiovascular5.2.5 Central Nervous System5.2.6 Other Applications5.3 Geography5.3.1 North America5.3.1.1 United States5.3.1.2 Canada5.3.1.3 Mexico5.3.2 Europe5.3.2.1 Germany5.3.2.2 United Kingdom5.3.2.3 France5.3.2.4 Italy5.3.2.5 Spain5.3.2.6 Rest of Europe5.3.3 Asia-Pacific5.3.3.1 China5.3.3.2 Japan5.3.3.3 India5.3.3.4 Australia5.3.3.5 South Korea5.3.3.6 Rest of Asia-Pacific5.3.4 Middle East & Africa5.3.4.1 GCC5.3.4.2 South Africa5.3.4.3 Rest of Middle East & Africa5.3.5 South America5.3.5.1 Brazil5.3.5.2 Argentina5.3.5.3 Rest of South America

6 COMPETITIVE LANDSCAPE6.1 Company Profiles6.1.1 Allergan6.1.2 Osiris Therapeutics6.1.3 Integra Lifesciences6.1.4 Cook Biotech Incorporated6.1.5 Organogenesis Inc.6.1.6 Baxter6.1.7 Medtronic6.1.8 Thermo Fisher Scientific6.1.9 Sigma-Aldrich Co.6.1.10 Becton Dickinson and Company

7 MARKET OPPORTUNITIES AND FUTURE TRENDS

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Consumers behind face masks pay more attention to skin problems around eyes such as eye bags, crows feet, and dark circles.

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For in-depth understanding of market and competitive landscape, this Exosome Therapeutic Market research report provides a lot of parameters and detailed data about Healthcare industry. The report offers persistent knowledge and information of revolutionizing market landscape, what already exists in the market, future trends or what the market expects, the competitive environment, and strategies to plan to outshine the competitors. Various market related parameters considered in this Exosome Therapeutic Market research report helps businesses for better decision making.

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Market Analysis and Insights:Global Exosome Therapeutic Market

Exosome therapeutic market is expected to gain market growth in the forecast period of 2019 to 2026. Data Bridge Market Research analyses that the market is growing with a CAGR of 21.9% in the forecast period of 2019 to 2026 and expected to reach USD 31,691.52 million by 2026 from USD 6,500.00 million in 2018. Increasing prevalence of lyme disease, chronic inflammation, autoimmune disease and other chronic degenerative diseases are the factors for the market growth.

The major players covered in theExosome Therapeutic Marketreport areevox THERAPEUTICS, EXOCOBIO, Exopharm, AEGLE Therapeutics, United Therapeutics Corporation, Codiak BioSciences, Jazz Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Boehringer Ingelheim International GmbH, ReNeuron Group plc, Capricor Therapeutics, Avalon Globocare Corp., CREATIVE MEDICAL TECHNOLOGY HOLDINGS INC., Stem Cells Group among other players domestic and global.Exosome therapeutic market share data is available for Global, North America, Europe, Asia-Pacific, and Latin America separately. DBMR analysts understand competitive strengths and provide competitive analysis for each competitor separately.

Get Full TOC, Tables and Figures of Market Report @https://www.databridgemarketresearch.com/toc/?dbmr=global-exosome-therapeutic-market&rp

Exosomes are used to transfer RNA, DNA, and proteins to other cells in the body by making alteration in the function of the target cells. Increasing research activities in exosome therapeutic is augmenting the market growth as demand for exosome therapeutic has increased among healthcare professionals.

Increased number of exosome therapeutics as compared to the past few years will accelerate the market growth. Companies are receiving funding for exosome therapeutic research and clinical trials. For instance, In September 2018, EXOCOBIO has raised USD 27 million in its series B funding. The company has raised USD 46 million as series a funding in April 2017. The series B funding will help the company to set up GMP-compliant exosome industrial facilities to enhance production of exosomes to commercialize in cosmetics and pharmaceutical industry.

Increasing demand for anti-aging therapies will also drive the market. Unmet medical needs such as very few therapeutic are approved by the regulatory authority for the treatment in comparison to the demand in global exosome therapeutics market will hamper the market growth market. Availability of various exosome isolation and purification techniques is further creates new opportunities for exosome therapeutics as they will help company in isolation and purification of exosomes from dendritic cells, mesenchymal stem cells, blood, milk, body fluids, saliva, and urine and from others sources. Such policies support exosome therapeutic market growth in the forecast period to 2019-2026.

This exosome therapeutic market report provides details of market share, new developments, and product pipeline analysis, impact of domestic and localised market players, analyses opportunities in terms of emerging revenue pockets, changes in market regulations, product approvals, strategic decisions, product launches, geographic expansions, and technological innovations in the market. To understand the analysis and the market scenario contact us for anAnalyst Brief, our team will help you create a revenue impact solution to achieve your desired goal.

Global Exosome Therapeutic Market Scope and Market Size

Global exosome therapeutic market is segmented of the basis of type, source, therapy, transporting capacity, application, route of administration and end user. The growth among segments helps you analyse niche pockets of growth and strategies to approach the market and determine your core application areas and the difference in your target markets.

Based on type, the market is segmented into natural exosomes and hybrid exosomes. Natural exosomes are dominating in the market because natural exosomes are used in various biological and pathological processes as well as natural exosomes has many advantages such as good biocompatibility and reduced clearance rate compare than hybrid exosomes.

Exosome is an extracellular vesicle which is released from cells, particularly from stem cells. Exosome functions as vehicle for particular proteins and genetic information and other cells. Exosome plays a vital role in the rejuvenation and communication of all the cells in our body while not themselves being cells at all. Research has projected that communication between cells is significant in maintenance of healthy cellular terrain. Chronic disease, age, genetic disorders and environmental factors can affect stem cells communication with other cells and can lead to distribution in the healing process. The growth of the global exosome therapeutic market reflects global and country-wide increase in prevalence of autoimmune disease, chronic inflammation, Lyme disease and chronic degenerative diseases, along with increasing demand for anti-aging therapies. Additionally major factors expected to contribute in growth of the global exosome therapeutic market in future are emerging therapeutic value of exosome, availability of various exosome isolation and purification techniques, technological advancements in exosome and rising healthcare infrastructure.

Rising demand of exosome therapeutic across the globe as exosome therapeutic is expected to be one of the most prominent therapies for autoimmune disease, chronic inflammation, Lyme disease and chronic degenerative diseases treatment, according to clinical researches exosomes help to processes regulation within the body during treatment of autoimmune disease, chronic inflammation, Lyme disease and chronic degenerative diseases. This factor has increased the research activities in exosome therapeutic development around the world for exosome therapeutic. Hence, this factor is leading the clinician and researches to shift towards exosome therapeutic. In the current scenario the exosome therapeutic are highly used in treatment of autoimmune disease, chronic inflammation, Lyme disease and chronic degenerative diseases and as anti-aging therapy as it Exosomes has proliferation of fibroblast cells which is significant in maintenance of skin elasticity and strength.

Based on source, the market is segmented into dendritic cells, mesenchymal stem cells, blood, milk, body fluids, saliva, urine and others. Mesenchymal stem cells are dominating in the market because mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are self-renewable, multipotent, easily manageable and customarily stretchy in vitro with exceptional genomic stability. Mesenchymal stem cells have a high capacity for genetic manipulation in vitro and also have good potential to produce. It is widely used in treatment of inflammatory and degenerative disease offspring cells encompassing the transgene after transplantation.

Based on therapy, the market is segmented into immunotherapy, gene therapy and chemotherapy. Chemotherapy is dominating in the market because chemotherapy is basically used in treatment of cancer which is major public health issues. The multidrug resistance (MDR) proteins and various tumors associated exosomes such as miRNA and IncRNA are include in in chemotherapy associated resistance.

Based on transporting capacity, the market is segmented into bio macromolecules and small molecules. Bio macromolecules are dominating in the market because bio macromolecules transmit particular biomolecular information and are basically investigated for their delicate properties such as biomarker source and delivery system.

Based on application, the market is segmented into oncology, neurology, metabolic disorders, cardiac disorders, blood disorders, inflammatory disorders, gynecology disorders, organ transplantation and others. Oncology segment is dominating in the market due to rising incidence of various cancers such as lung cancer, breast cancer, leukemia, skin cancer, lymphoma. As per the National Cancer Institute, in 2018 around 1,735,350 new cases of cancer was diagnosed in the U.S. As per the American Cancer Society Inc in 2019 approximately 268,600 new cases of breast cancer diagnosed in the U.S.

Based on route of administration, the market is segmented into oral and parenteral. Parenteral route is dominating in the market because it provides low drug concentration, free from first fast metabolism, low toxicity as compared to oral route as well as it is suitable in unconscious patients, complicated to swallow drug etc.

The exosome therapeutic market, by end user, is segmented into hospitals, diagnostic centers and research & academic institutes. Hospitals are dominating in the market because hospitals provide better treatment facilities and skilled staff as well as treatment available at affordable cost in government hospitals.

Exosome therapeutic Market Country Level Analysis

The global exosome therapeutic market is analysed and market size information is provided by country by type, source, therapy, transporting capacity, application, route of administration and end user as referenced above.

The countries covered in the exosome therapeutic market report are U.S. and Mexico in North America, Turkey in Europe, South Korea, Australia, Hong Kong in the Asia-Pacific, Argentina, Colombia, Peru, Chile, Ecuador, Venezuela, Panama, Dominican Republic, El Salvador, Paraguay, Costa Rica, Puerto Rico, Nicaragua, Uruguay as part of Latin America.

Country Level Analysis, By Type

North America dominates the exosome therapeutic market as the U.S. is leader in exosome therapeutic manufacturing as well as research activities required for exosome therapeutics. At present time Stem Cells Group holding shares around 60.00%. In addition global exosomes therapeutics manufacturers like EXOCOBIO, evox THERAPEUTICS and others are intensifying their efforts in China. The Europe region is expected to grow with the highest growth rate in the forecast period of 2019 to 2026 because of increasing research activities in exosome therapeutic by population.

The country section of the report also provides individual market impacting factors and changes in regulation in the market domestically that impacts the current and future trends of the market. Data points such as new sales, replacement sales, country demographics, regulatory acts and import-export tariffs are some of the major pointers used to forecast the market scenario for individual countries. Also, presence and availability of global brands and their challenges faced due to large or scarce competition from local and domestic brands, impact of sales channels are considered while providing forecast analysis of the country data.

Huge Investment by Automakers for Exosome Therapeutics and New Technology Penetration

Global exosome therapeutic market also provides you with detailed market analysis for every country growth in pharma industry with exosome therapeutic sales, impact of technological development in exosome therapeutic and changes in regulatory scenarios with their support for the exosome therapeutic market. The data is available for historic period 2010 to 2017.

Competitive Landscape and Exosome Therapeutic Market Share Analysis

Global exosome therapeutic market competitive landscape provides details by competitor. Details included are company overview, company financials, revenue generated, market potential, investment in research and development, new market initiatives, global presence, production sites and facilities, company strengths and weaknesses, product launch, product trials pipelines, concept cars, product approvals, patents, product width and breadth, application dominance, technology lifeline curve. The above data points provided are only related to the companys focus related to global exosome therapeutic market.

Many joint ventures and developments are also initiated by the companies worldwide which are also accelerating the global exosome therapeutic market.

For instance,

Partnership, joint ventures and other strategies enhances the company market share with increased coverage and presence. It also provides the benefit for organisation to improve their offering for exosome therapeutics through expanded model range.

Customization Available:Global Exosome Therapeutic Market

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Exosome Therapeutic Market 2020 : Industry Size & Share, Business Strategies, Growth Analysis By EXOCOBIO, Exopharm, AEGLE Therapeutics, United...

Pune, Maharashtra, India, July 31 2020 (Wiredrelease) Prudour Pvt. Ltd : Market.us Anti-Ageing Drugs Market research report provides a comprehensive, 360-degree analysis of the targeted market which helps stakeholders to identify the opportunities as well as challenges during COVID-19 pandemic across the globe.

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Anti-Ageing Drugs Market reports provide in-depth analysis of Top Players, Geography, End users, Applications, Competitor analysis, Revenue, Financial Analysis, Market Share, COVID-19 Analysis, Trends, and Forecast 2020-2029. It incorporates market evolution study, involving the current scenario, growth rate, and capacity inflation prospects, based on Porters Five Forces and DROT analyses.

The Anti-Ageing Drugs Market report includes analysis in terms of both quantitative and qualitative data, taking into factors such as Product pricing, Product penetration, Country GDP, movement of parent market & child markets, End application industries, etc. The report is defined by bifurcating various parts of the market into segments that provide an understanding of different aspects of the market.

The overall report is divided into the following primary sections: segments, market outlook, competitive landscape, and company profiles. The segments cover various aspects of the market, from the trends that are affecting the market to major market players, in turn providing a well-rounded assessment of the market. In terms of the market outlook section, the report provides a study of the major market dynamics that are playing a substantial role in the market. The market outlook section is further categorized into sections; drivers, restraints, opportunities, and challenges. The drivers and restraints cover the internal factors of the market whereas opportunities and challenges are the external factors that are affecting the market. The market outlook section also comprises Porters Five Forces analysis (which explains buyers bargaining power, suppliers bargaining power, the threat of new entrants, threat of substitutes, and degree of competition in the anti-ageing drugs) in addition to the market dynamics.

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Objectives of Anti-Ageing Drugs Market Report:

To justifiably share in-depth info regarding the decisive elements impacting the increase of industry (growth capacity, chances, drivers and industry-specific challenge and risks) To know the Anti-Ageing Drugs Market by pinpointing its many sub-segments To profile the important players and analyze their growth plans To endeavor the amount and value of the Anti-Ageing Drugs Market sub-markets, depending on key regions (various vital states) To analyze the Global Anti-Ageing Drugs Market concerning growth trends, prospects and also their participation in the entire sector To inspect and study the Global Anti-Ageing Drugs Market size form the company, essential regions/countries, products and applications, background information and also predictions to 2029 Primary worldwide Anti-Ageing Drugs Market manufacturing companies, to specify, clarify and analyze the product sales amount, value and market share, market rivalry landscape, SWOT analysis and development plans for the next coming years To examine competitive progress such as expansions, arrangements, new product launches and acquisitions on the market

Leading Anti-Ageing Drugs manufacturers/companies operating at both regional and global levels:

Nu SkinBIOTIMEElysium HealthLa Roche-PosayDermaFix

Anti-Ageing Drugs Market segment by type can be split into:

Hormonal TherapyAntioxidantsEnzymesStem Cells

Anti-Ageing Drugs Market segment by the application can be split into:

SkinHair

Foremost Areas Covering Anti-Ageing Drugs Market:

Asia-Pacific Market (China, Southeast Asia, Japan, Korea, India, and Western Asia) The Middle East & Africa Market ( South Africa, GCC, and North Africa) North America Market ( Mexico, Canada, and the United States) Europe Market (Germany, Russia, France, Netherlands, Turkey, the UK, Italy, Spain, and Switzerland) South America Market ( Peru, Brazil, Argentina, Columbia, and Chile)

The report provides industry analysis, important insights, and a competitive and useful advantage to the pursuers. The report analyzes different segments and offers the current and prospects of each segment. Furthermore, this research report contains an in-depth analysis of the top players with data such as product specification, company profiles and product picture, sales area, and base of manufacturing in the global anti-ageing drugs market. The impact on the supply and demand of the raw materials, due to the COVID-19 is also analyzed in the global anti-ageing drugs market.

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An overview of the market Comprehensive analysis of the market Analyses of recent developments in the market Events in the market scenario in the past few years Emerging market segments and regional markets Segmentations up to the second and/or third level Historical, current, and estimated market size in terms of value and volume Competitive analysis, with company overview, products, revenue, and strategies. An impartial assessment of the market Strategic recommendations to help companies increase their market presence

Anti-Ageing Drugs Market Research Report 2020-2029

Chapter 1: Industry Overview

Chapter 2: Anti-Ageing Drugs Market International and China Market Analysis

Chapter 3: Environment Analysis of Market.

Chapter 4: Anti-Ageing Drugs Analysis of Revenue by Classifications

Chapter 5: Analysis of Revenue by Regions and Applications

Chapter 6: Analysis of Anti-Ageing Drugs Market Revenue Market Status.

Chapter 7: Anti-Ageing Drugs Analysis of Industry Key Manufacturers

Chapter 8: Sales Price and Gross Margin Analysis of Market.

Chapter 9: ..Continue to TOC

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Anti-Ageing Drugs Market 2020: Worldwide Overview And Forecast To 2023 With Regional Trends And Comp - PharmiWeb.com

When my sister and I were young, we liked to come home from school and turn on Guiding Light, a soap opera on CBS. We only ever caught the last fifteen minutes of the hour-long show, but, because it wasnt particularly subtle, this was plenty of time to follow even its most involved plotlinessuch as when Reva Shayne, a nine-times-married character who had arcs as a talk-show host, a psychic, the princess of a fictional island, and a time traveller to the Civil War and Nazi Germany, had to fight Dolly, a devious clone that her most recent husband had made of her in order to spare her children from grief during the most recent of her presumed deaths.

Guiding Light began, in 1937, as a radio show to promote a soap called Duz. (Duz does everything.) When it went off the air, in 2009, it was the longest-running show in broadcast history. It was owned, until the end, not by CBS but by Procter & Gamble, which began as a soap company and has been credited with inventing modern advertising in America. In addition to promoting its brands with paintings on trolley cars and billboards, the company developed more than twenty radio and television dramas. The first, Oxydols Own Ma Perkins, premired in 1933; the last, As The World Turns, left the airwaves in 2010, by which time the term soap opera had become freestanding. You could even watch them, as I did, without ever knowing they had anything to do with a soap company.

It was easy, until the COVID-19 outbreak, not to think very often or very deeply about soap. Early in the pandemic, this began to change. We learned which pop songs had choruses that we could sing to keep us scrubbing for a full twenty seconds; we learned that, at least during the pre-lockdown period, the lines outside mens rooms grew suddenly longerlikely because (according to one study) only thirty-one per cent of men had previously been in the habit of washing their hands after using the bathroom. As distilleries and breweries pivoted to producing hand sanitizer, the Times ran a piece explaining why old-fashioned soap was actually better at destroying the coronavirus: the hydrophobic tails of soap molecules bond with the lipid membrane that protects the virus, literally ripping it apart, while their hydrophilic heads bond with the water that washes the dead virus away. Like many people, I developed a new appreciation for soap, imagining with grim satisfaction a scene of microscopic destruction each time I scrubbed my hands.

So this has been a strange time to be reading a book by a medical doctor which takes a critical view of the soap industry and begins with the sentence Five years ago, I stopped showering.

Let me clarify at once that James Hamblin, a staff writer at The Atlantic and the author of Clean: The New Science of Skin (Riverhead), is still an advocate of regular handwashing, indisputably a world-changing innovation in public health, and of especially crucial importance at this moment in history. (Hamblin also writes that he would never wear a white coat two days in a row without cleaning it.) But hes doubtful about all the scrubbing and soapingnot to mention moisturizing and deodorizing and serum-and-acid applicationto which we subject the rest of our bodys largest organ, and about the companies that spend a lot of money to convince us that we must do so to be clean.

Soap is an ancient invention, so old that we can only assume it was the lucky result of animal fat spilling into fire ash and some people being alert enough to notice the cleaning power of the resulting lather. Still, early versions, made with lye, could burn skin, and were used more often for laundry than for people. Bathing more commonly involved water, sand, pumice, scrapers, and oils or perfumesthough in certain places the whole notion was seen as dangerous. Some historical records suggest that washing was comparatively rare in the Western world: Marco Polo wrote of his surprise at how frequently people in India and China bathed, and Ahmad ibn Fadlan, who travelled from the court of Baghdad to the Volga River in the early tenth century, wrote that the people he met on his journey did not wash after eating, shitting, peeing, or having sex, and were the filthiest of Allahs creatures. The French historian Jules Michelet described the European Middle Ages as a thousand years without a bath.

In America, soap made for skin became commonly sold only in the nineteenth century, largely as a way to make money from the leftovers of the meatpacking industry, which produced large quantities of unused animal fat. Entrepreneurs added potash and made soap, for which they then needed to create public demand. These early soapers included William Procter and James Gamble, who began working together after marrying a pair of sisters; another familial pair, whose company name eventually changed from Lever Brothers to Unilever; and a man named William Wrigley, Jr., who gave away chewinggum as a promotion for his soap, but found that the gum was in higher demand.

Last year, the beauty-and-personal-care market in the U.S. was valued at nearly a hundred billion dollars, which makes it hard to imagine a time when people had to be persuaded to use soap. But the soap industry, Hamblin argues, serves as an effective introduction to the history of American marketing. Early soap companies pioneered many techniques that we still see today: a single company owning lots of competing brands with nearly identical products, in order to foster feelings of consumer choice and loyalty; the use of sponsored content, such as the soap operas or Procter & Gambles How to Bring Up a Baby, which was part health pamphlet and part advertisement. The ad campaigns created a sense of lurking danger in the competition by claiming that their own products were safer and purer, or they promoted, as product virtues, obscure, jargony terms (triple milled) that consumers assumed to be important simply because they were touted on a package. The companies leaned, not at all subtly, on racism and classism to sell their products. They even used people who would now be called influencers, such as the film stars who appeared in 9 out of 10 screen stars use Lux Toilet Soap ads. Lever never even paid them, Hamblin writes, and the practice being so new, the stars apparently didnt think to ask.

The other innovation was to create, and then meet, needs that people didnt know they had. Hamblin notes that B.O. began as a marketing term, and that many soaps advertised as antimicrobial and antibacterial were less safethan standard soap, leaving behind dangerous compounds. (Many products that we now think of as soaps are actually detergents, made from synthetic compounds.)

Meanwhile, soap companies, in order to expand their product lines, had to sell the idea that soap was insufficient on its ownor that its effects had to be undone by yet more products, Hamblin writes. You needed separate soaps for your hair, your body, your face, and even for different members of a family. (Albert Einstein, asked why he didnt use shaving cream, then newly invented, is reported to have replied, Two soaps? That is too complicated!) To offset the drying effects of soap, you then needed other productsconditioners, moisturizers, toners. Hamblin identifies the 1957 introduction of Dove, whose cleaning power is reduced because its mixed with moisturizer, as the moment when the industry started moving toward selling a product that would do nothing at all.

Continued here:
Rethinking the Science of Skin - The New Yorker

How the thymus shaped immunology

The function of the thymus was discovered by Jacques Miller in 1961 and laid a foundation for immunology and modern medicine. Until that time, researchers mistakenly believed the thymus merely represented a remnant of defunct lymph tissue, something of an immune cell graveyard. In a Review, Miller recounts the seminal experiments and conceptual thinking that led to uncovering the critical function of the thymus and provides insights that can be learned from those early days. How knowledge of thymus function subsequently spawned the field of T cell biology and the impact it has had on immune cell interactions, vaccination, cancer immunotherapy, and the microbiome are also discussed.

Science, this issue p. eaba2429

Until the 1960s, the thymus had long remained an enigmatic organ with no known function or was considered to be just a graveyard for dying lymphocytes. By contrast, the circulating small lymphocytes found in blood and lymph had been shown in the late 1950s to be long-lived cells able to initiate an immune response when appropriately stimulated by antigen. However, although the thymus was known to be populated with lymphocytes, immunologists had not attributed any immune function to the organ. There were many reasons for this. For example, the cytological hallmarks of an immune response, such as the presence of plasma cells and germinal centers, were not seen in the thymus of healthy animals even after extensive immunization. Thymus lymphocytes, unlike lymphocytes from blood and lymphoid tissues, were unable to mount an immune response on transfer to immunocompromised recipients. Furthermore, thymectomy, which had always been performed in adult animals, was not associated with any immune defects.

In 1961, thymectomy was performed in mice during the immediate neonatal period and revealed the critically important function of the thymus in enabling the development of the immune system. Neonatally thymectomized (NTx) mice were highly susceptible to intercurrent infections, deficient in lymphocytes, unable to reject foreign skin grafts or produce antibody to some (though not all) antigens, and prone to developing certain tumors. There was no major immune defect after adult thymectomy unless the lymphoid tissues had been damaged by total body irradiation. Implanting thymus tissue into NTx mice or irradiated adult thymectomized mice restored immune function. When the thymus graft was taken from a foreign strain, the thymectomized recipients were found to be specifically tolerant of the histocompatibility antigens of the donor. This implied that the thymus was responsible not only for the normal development of immune functions but also for imposing tolerance to the bodys own tissues.

The thymus was shown to seed the lymphoid system with T lymphocytes that migrated to certain discrete areas of the lymphoid tissues and recirculated from the blood through lymphoid tissues, lymph, and back to the bloodstream. T cells exiting the thymus were found to be responsible for killing infected cells and for rejecting foreign tissue grafts. Therefore, T cells could soon be subdivided into subsets based on function, cell surface markers, and secreted products or interleukins. Thymus lymphoid stem cells were subsequently identified, and the epithelial and dendritic cells in the thymus were shown to greatly influence T cell development. They were able to educate T cells to recognize a great diversity of peptide antigens bound to the bodys own markers, major histocompatibility complex molecules, but purged any T cells that strongly reacted against the bodys own self-components. The use of irradiated adult thymectomized mice showed that T cells were not the precursors of antibody-forming cells but were essential to help, through some type of collaboration, other lymphocytes originating in bone marrow (B cells) to respond to antigen by producing antibody.

The discovery of thymus function and of T and B cell collaboration was a major immunological milestone because it not only opened up the field of immune cell interactions but also changed the course of immunology and medicine. It promoted the need for all immune phenomena, for example, memory, tolerance, autoimmunity, and immunodeficiency, as well as inflammatory and immunopathological disease conditions, to be reassessed in terms of the role played by the two distinct sets of lymphocytes and their subsets. We now know that T cells are involved in the entire spectrum of tissue physiology and pathology and even in situations not considered to be bona fide immunological conditions, such as tissue repair, dysbiosis, eclampsia, senescence, and cancer.

Hemopoietic stem cells originating in the yolk sac, fetal liver, or bone marrow migrate through the blood to the thymus, where they differentiate into T lymphocytes. Others differentiate within the bone marrow in mammals, or the bursa of Fabricius in birds, to produce B cells. Mature T and B cells circulate in the blood and lymph and colonize the T and B cell compartments of the lymphoid tissues.

The lymphoid system is intimately involved in immunological processes. The small lymphocyte that circulates through blood into lymphoid tissues, then through the lymph and back to the blood through the thoracic duct, is able to initiate immune responses after appropriate stimulation by antigen. However, the lymphocytes found in the thymus are deficient in this ability despite the fact that the thymus plays a central role in lymphocyte production and in ensuring the normal development of immunological faculty. During embryogenesis, lymphocytes are present in the thymus before they can be identified in the circulation and in other lymphoid tissues. They become educated in the thymus to recognize a great diversity of peptide antigens bound to the bodys own marker antigen, the major histocompatibility complex, but they are purged if they strongly react against their own self-components. Lymphocytes differentiate to become various T cell subsets and then exit through the bloodstream to populate certain areas of the lymphoid system as peripheral T lymphocytes with distinct markers and immune functions.

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The function of the thymus and its impact on modern medicine - Science