Archive for May, 2020

Victoria cave researcher, Genevieve von Petzinger,is suddenly ina pretty good positiontofind what she calls the Holy Grail of her field.

The University of Victoriapaleoanthropologist, who specializes in European cave art, has been awarded a National Geographic grant to test genetic material found in cave wall paint in Spain to try tofind out who forgot to sign their work at least 40,000 years ago.

A DNA test, which would reveal genetic mutations due to evolution, could help pinpoint the time perioda painting was made and may helpdetermine if the art was actuallythe handiwork of humans or Neanderthals who lived about130,000 to 40,000 years ago.

"'It would just be so fascinating to see the identity," said PetzingerTuesday on On The Island."The million dollar question is, did Neanderthals paint?"

And there is already someindication, according to von Petzinger, thatthis extinct species was, in fact, artistic.

Von Petzingersaid, a few years ago, some of her colleagues tested samples of minerals they foundcovering cave drawings and determined the minerals to be 65,000 years old, which von Petzinger said indicated the art underneath was older and, therefore, drawn byNeanderthals.

But, she said, this dating methodwas hotly debated by others in the field.

"It was quite the big drama going back and forth," said von Petzinger, who then thought maybe genetic testing could bea way to get a definitive answer.

Genetictesting can even pinpoint the artist's gender and, saidvon Petzinger, possibly lead to findinga living descendent.

"This would be a world first," she said, her voice brimming with excitement.

Von Petzingersaid she is incredibly grateful to colleagues, the Spanish government and National Geographic for being willing to believe in her "crazy idea."

But it's not without precedent.

She said other researchers havehad success testing genetic material found in dirt on the floor of caves in Croatia and she is "cautiously optimistic"she will have similar success with paint substances.

There is a bit of a snag though.

The money is in place, and all the players are on board, but it could be awhile before von Petzinger can board a plane.

She said her tentative plan is to be back in the caves, where she previously spentasignificant amount of time doing field work, by summer 2021.

The COVID-19 pandemic has thrown a wrench into field work for many academics, but von Petzinger said she is staying connected with colleagues online andit isa great time for scientists to slog through statistical analysis work they might as well get done while they can't get out.

And it could be because of her line of work, but von Petzingeris cautiously optimistic about the current state of the world aswell.

"This pandemic is certainly a pretty scary thing, but our ancestors have survived some pretty scary things themselves," she said. "Our species is very resilient."

To hear the complete interview withGenevieve von Petzingeron On The Island tap here.

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Did Neanderthals draw? This B.C. researcher is going to test DNA in old cave art to find out - CBC.ca

Ancestry and 23andMe offer direct-to-consumer DNA tests.(Photo: Reviewed.com/Jackson Ruckar)

It's a question that has vexed researchers from the beginning of the coronavirus outbreak: Why do some people get severely ill and die from COVID-19, while others have mild symptoms or none at all?

Now, scientists at two direct-to-consumer genealogy DNA companies hope to use the genomesthey've collected from millions of people over the years to see if they can find a genetic explanation toanswer that question.

Both 23andMe and Ancestry have launched COVID-19 studies, asking U.S. adult customers who've already submitted DNA samples to answer online questions about how the virus affected or didn't affect them.

"From the early days ... I think it was clear to all of us that some people were getting very, very sick when they were affected with coronavirus, and some people had hardly any symptoms at all," said Dr. Catherine Ball,chief scientific officer at Utah-based Ancestry."It turns out that there are plenty of people who have no symptoms. The spectrum of human response to the same pathogen is unusual.

"And even with a bunch of comorbidities and other problems, it's still remarkably divergent in different people, even if they have the same age and have the same overall health. And soto geneticists, that looks like there's a genetic factor in whether people become infected in the first placeor have serious or mild symptoms."

With 16 million people who've already spit in vials and sent them to Ancestryfor genetic testing to find blood relatives who might be closely or distantly related or learn how much of their DNA suggests their relatives came from Africa or Asia or were Native American or European, Ball said the companyknew it had a potentially useful data pool to tap for COVID-19 research.

"We clearly want to take the opportunity to unleash that power to be able to see if there are genetic signals, and be able to help researchers and people making drugs and therapeutics and vaccines dosmarter work faster," she said.

Dr. Catherine Ball, chief scientific officer for Utah-based Ancestry.(Photo: Ancestry)

Of those 16 million DNA customers through Ancestry, so far about 500,000people have already taken an online survey to participate in the company'scoronavirus research.

At 23andMe, principal scientist Adam Auton said the California-based company's COVID-19 genome-wide association study launched in April.

About 10 million of itsgenotype customers are eligible for the study, he said.Of them, about 80%have consented to participate in research, and600,000 customers have opted into the COVID-19 study.

"It is a really quite tremendous response to the study and I think shows that people really do want to try and contribute to help understand and fight this disease," said Auton.

Both Ancestry and 23andMeacknowledge that the bigger the sample size, the better their research will be.

"Never ask a scientisthow much data she needsbecause she always needs more," Ball said. "We're really hoping to get a minimum of a million respondentsbecause we need to have a decent number of people who have tested positive to give us a statistical signal."

So far, about9,000 people in 23andMe'sCOVID-19 study reported that theytested positive for coronavirus.

"That's a pretty substantial number," Auton said. "However, it's the nature of genetic studies that we really need very large numbers of people to be able to draw connections between the genetic information and people's health information."

A worker at 23andMe performs DNA testing on samples provided by customers.(Photo: 23andMe)

Since the pandemic began,about 1.6million people in the United States, a country of 330 million, have tested positive for COVID-19. As the virus continues to spread,and more people get coronavirus diagnoses, the companies suspect that the number of people who will go on to enroll in their studies also is likely to rise.

"We understand this is an evolving situation," Ball said. "And while we can't shelter in place forever, at some point, as we're opening up our cities and states, more people will start contracting the virus."

Anyone who may have already filled out anonline COVID-19 survey on Ancestry.com or 23andMe.com, saying they had not yet had the virus, can go back and revise their answers later to reflect that they've contracted it.

To expand its research of people who've had COVID-19 even more, Auton said 23andMeis now offering tomail a free DNA test kit to any U.S adult who was hospitalized with COVID-19, but has not yet submitted a DNA sample to the company.

"We are essentially asking if people have been hospitalized with COVID-19, and they have recovered, if they would like to participate inour research. They can come to our website and we'll offer them a free kit,"Auton said.

The contents of a 23andMe kit.(Photo: 23andMe)

"We're very much interested in trying to get the word out so that people to hear about this because really every data point is going to be pretty valuable."

23andMe has emailed customers in areas hardest hit so far in the pandemic including those in Michiganto let them know about its study, Auton said.

"The best thing that we can do to make a difference for COVID is to really publish the results that we find and make them available to the research and scientific communities," he said.

23andMe haspublishedmore than 150 studies in peer-reviewed scientific journals, "the majority of which come from collaboration with the broader academic and the scientific community," Auton said,since it launched in 2006with its direct-to-consumer DNA kit.

But the company ran afoul of the U.S. Food and Drug Administration in 2013, when the agency ordered 23andMeto halt the release of genetic health information to customers, saying the company had yet to prove its tests were"analytically or clinically validated."

After revamping, the company passed FDA muster in 2017, and got authorization tooffergenetic healthreports that outlinedrisk for 10conditions, including late-onset Alzheimers disease andParkinsons disease.

Ancestry is new to the health genetics business. It launched AncestryHealth in 2019, with the disclaimer that its tests are physician-ordered and not diagnostic, but offer "health insights" into whether a person might be a carrier for cystic fibrosis or sickle cell anemia or whether there's a genetic variant associated with a higher risk for breast cancer or colon cancer.

Ball said Ancestry also will seek to publish its COVID-19 research findings, too.

"We will be doing our very best to publish our findings as quickly as possible, and making them as useful to clinicians and other researchers as quickly as possible," she said.

Ancestry DNA(Photo: Melissa Rorech)

Both companies are looking for research partners for the coronavirus studies. Ancestry has had nibbles from universities, biotech and pharmaceutical companies, but Ball said, right now, the focus is on safeguarding the privacy of its customers.

"We typically do not share data out with third parties," Ball said. "That's an unusual activity for us.

"We will not be sharingpersonal data. Everything will be de-identified. So names, email addresses, your address, your ZIP code, your phone number, all that stuff will be stripped and will not be shared. We do want to still be very conservative because it is people's genetic data."

At 23andMe, individual-level data is never shared with a third party "without explicit additional consent from participants," Auton said.

"The information that we're talking about here, where we would be working with the academic community, is all aggregated at a very high level. So it's really just information about whether a specific genetic variant is associated with the disease. It doesn't contain any information about the individuals in the study."

Ball urged people to consider participating in this research for the common good.

"The people who came to AncestryDNA were interested in finding out about their ancestors, their past and their history," she said."This is our chancein this moment of history ... to take 5-10 minutes ... and do our best to help our community of friends or familyand the people who we don't even know who will be coming along later.

"It's our chance to contribute to the benefit of everybody. And I think right now, it'san opportunity that resonates with a lot of people."

Auton said the research could lead to therapies or treatments for people sickened by COVID-19.

"Hopefully, that can make a difference," he said.

Contact Kristen Jordan Shamus: 313-222-5997 or kshamus@freepress.com. Follow her on Twitter @kristenshamus.

Read or Share this story: https://www.freep.com/story/news/health/2020/05/26/genes-dna-ancestry-23-andme-coronavirus-covid-19/5223568002/

Link:
Genetic genealogy companies Ancestry, 23andMe begin COVID-19 research - Detroit Free Press

NEW YORK Employing tumor-normal sequencing, researchers have demonstrated that a significant number of advanced cancer patients learned germline findings that informed the treatment they received.

In one study, involving 12,000 patients treated at Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, researchers identified nearly 600 patients with recurrent or metastatic cancer who had actionable germline mutations, and 44 percent of them received targeted drugs either as part of the standard of care or as part of a research protocol.

Presenting the findings at the American Society of Clinical Oncology's virtual annual meeting, MSK's Zsofia Stadler said her group's study represents the most comprehensive assessment of the clinical utility of germline variants for guiding targeted therapy decisions in advanced cancer patients. This study, she said, demonstrates the "the importance of germline analysis for cancer treatment."

In another study, presented at the same meeting, researchers from the University of Michigan investigated the prevalence of actionable germline mutations in a cohort of around 1,000 patients, and found that 49 patients, or close to 5 percent, had therapeutically targetable germline mutations.

The findings from these two studies are timely given that cancer patients are increasingly having their tumors sequenced in the hopes of identifying precision therapy options. Studies have shown that after tumor profiling, approximately 10 percent of patients received results based on which they can receive precision drugs. Patients' tumors are often profiled using next-generation sequencing (NGS) panels that gauge hundreds of genes and also pick up clinically significant germline mutations, but often these findings are censored and not reported back to or discussed with the patient. This is likely because there is a perception that germline genetic mutations, which have been historically important for inherited cancer risk assessment, don't really impact the immediate care of patients.

"We know the identification of germline alterations has important implications for our cancer patients, including implementation of appropriate cancer surveillance measures, potential risk-reducing measures, and of course predictive genetic testing for at-risk relatives," said Stadler. "However, less is known about the clinical impact of germline findings on targeted cancer treatment."

At MSK, cancer patients can have their tumors profiled with the MSK-IMPACT NGS panel which gauges more than 400 genes. The goal of this testing, Stadler said, is to identify genetic mutations in the tumor that can be targeted with treatments. To do this, the cancer center sequences a patient's tumor tissue and normal blood sample, compares the detected mutations, and subtracts out the germline variants that occur in every cell in the body, not just the tumor. At the end of this process, only the somatic mutations found in the tumor are reported.

Starting in 2015, patients at MSK who received testing with MSK-IMPACT could provide consent under an institutional review board-approved protocol to receive separate germline testing for 88 genes associated with increased cancer risk. Between 2015 and 2019, nearly 12,000 patients agreed to this additional testing to learn if they harbored likely pathogenic or pathogenic mutations in any of these genes. If patients had pathogenic findings, this was noted in their medical record, which investigators then reviewed to assess whether the mutations could inform treatment.

Around half of these 12,000 tested patients had breast, prostate, pancreatic, or colorectal cancers, while the rest of the patients had a variety of rarer tumor types. Approximately 2,000 patients, or 17 percent, had likely pathogenic or pathogenic mutations, 682 of whom had mutations in high- or moderate-penetrance genes.

In terms of therapeutic actionability, Stadler and colleagues identified targetable mutations in 849 patients, or 7 percent. Since PARP inhibitors now can be given to patients with BRCA1 or BRCA2 mutations with certain types of cancers, mutations in these genes comprised more than half of the actionable findings. Nearly 20 percent of mutations were in Lynch syndrome genes, which can guide immunotherapy use.

MSK classifies the actionability of somatic variants detected by MSK-IMPACT using a three-tier system that emerged in the process of garnering FDA authorization for the panel. In authorizing that test, the FDA released a three-tier framework to help labs determine what information they could accurately communicate in test reports based on the evidence underlying detected biomarkers. The same system can also help oncologists prioritize which findings are most informative for their patient's care from the long list of genetic mutations often identified by these tests.

In the FDA's framework, tier 1 biomarkers are those that the agency has given companion diagnostic status based on evidence showing that they can determine which patients will or will not respond to a drug. Tier 2 biomarkers are "cancer mutations with evidence of clinical significance" that doctors can use in the care of cancer patients in line with guidelines and other information. Tier 3 biomarkers are "cancer mutations with potential clinical significance," which can help direct patients to clinical trials.

Since germline variations don't have a widely accepted system of classification for therapeutic actionability, Stadler and colleagues adapted this three-tier system for somatic variants to weigh the evidence on the 88 cancer risk genes. While 849 patients, or 7 percent, had targetable germline mutations in tier 1 and 2 genes, using all three tiers, around 1,000 patients, or nearly 9 percent, had germline mutations with therapeutic significance.

The researchers used the more stringent criteria germline mutations in tier 1 and 2 genes to try to guide treatment decisions for nearly 600 patients with recurrent or metastatic cancer. Ultimately, 44 percent received targeted drugs either as part of the standard of care or as part of a research protocol. Patients who received treatment had germline mutations in a variety of genes, though alterations in BRCA1 and BRCA2 drove a lot of the therapeutic decisions in the study.

As such, researchers explored this subset of patients in more detail. Of the 175 patients with BRCA1/2 germline mutations, 57 percent were classified as tier 1 mutations because patients had breast or ovarian cancer and were able to receive PARP inhibitors that had been FDA approved for their molecularly defined indication. More than 40 percent including 21 percent of pancreatic cancer patients and 11 percent of prostate cancer patients received PARP inhibitors under a research protocol. Since this study, however, the FDA has approved PARP inhibitors for BRCA-mutated pancreatic and prostate cancer.

"With the emergence of novel targeted treatments with new FDA indications, the therapeutic actionability of germline variants is likely to increase over time," Stadler said.

The study led by Erin Cobain from the University of Michigan similarly demonstrated the clinical utility of germline findings from tumor testing, though on a smaller scale. The researchers conducted targeted exome sequencing for 1,700 genes and transcriptome sequencing on tumor and normal samples from approximately 1,000 patients with advanced solid tumors. Pathogenic germline variants were identified in 160 patients, or 16 percent. Of the deleterious cancer risk mutations identified during this process, 92 percent were not known before patients were tested as part of this protocol, "which indicates that current clinical criteria may not identify all patients at risk for cancer predisposition," Cobain said.

Close to 5 percent of patients had biomarkers that could inform their treatment, such as defects in DNA repair genes, which can be treated with PARP inhibitors, and mutations in mismatch repair gene defects that can be used to prescribe immunotherapy. Significant proportions of patients with rare tumors had pathogenic variants, such as 20 percent of sarcomas, 17 percent of hepatobiliary cancers, and 16 percent of cancers of unknown primary. Cobain highlighted that some of these patients with these rare tumors had germline mutations that could potentially be therapeutically targeted, which is important given the limited treatment options in these settings.

Ultimately, 11 patients received PARP inhibitors and immunotherapies based on germline findings. Two patients had a complete response, one had a partial response, and five had stable disease. Of the three patients who had progressive disease, two were breast cancer patients with germline ATM mutations treated with PARP inhibitors, and the third was a pancreatic cancer patient with a BRCA1 mutation who received a PARP inhibitor.

The results of this study "support consideration of directed germline testing in all patients with metastatic solid tumors to identify defects in DNA repair with therapeutic targets," Cobain said.

To Funda Meric-Bernstam from MD Anderson Cancer Center, both of these studies demonstrate that if cancer centers are doing tumor/normal sequencing and looking for germline variants of clinical significance, they may not have to look too hard. However, she clarified that its also not "easy" to identify and report germline variants in this context. "This requires a lab to both analyze the normal [samples] and call pathogenic and likely pathogenic variants," she said.

Currently, there isn't a standardized method among tumor sequencing labs when it comes to dealing with germline findings. Some labs conduct only tumor testing, others conduct tumor-normal analysis but subtract germline findings, and still others perform tumor-normal testing and report only a subset of germline findings. Even if a lab sequencing only tumor tissue, tests will identify mutations in genes that are more likely to have occurred in the germline.

Meric-Bernstam noted that although the studies at MSK and the University of Michigan were done under IRB-approved protocols, in the real world when tumor sequencing is done, most patients aren't asked if they want to learn germline findings. "You really need infrastructure to return [results], to counsel, and to offer cascade testing," she said. "You need to facilitate the analysis of normal [samples] so you can ensure findings can be acted upon in a timely fashion, especially in patients with advanced disease. You need to have infrastructure in place for treatment matching and treatments available."

Though there are technical and infrastructural challenges to reporting out germline findings in the context of cancer tumor sequencing, genetics experts are increasingly of the opinion that it is no longer ethical to mask these findings, particularly given their increasingly important role in therapy selection as demonstrated by the ASCO studies. The American College of Medical Genetics and Genomics last month published a set of points that clinicians and genomics labs should consider when presumed germline variants are flagged during tumor sequencing.

Recognizing the varying practices in the field in this regard, the ACMG in its publication told genetic testing labs to be transparent about their ability to detect germline variants from tumor testing, as well as their reporting practices. Additionally, the ACMG told clinicians to take the opportunity when ordering tumor testing to evaluate the patient for clinical signs of an underlying hereditary cancer syndrome that may require germline testing.

According to Douglas Stewart, who is lead author of the ACMG paper and is a senior investigator within the National Cancer Institutes' Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, Clinical Genetics Branch, the aim of the association is to promote best practices. But it is also the association's hope, he recently said in an interview, that the issues laid out in the paper will start a discussion in the field about how "to capitalize on this huge opportunity of identifying germline variation in tumor sequencing so that it benefits as many people as possible."

Link:
Germline Results From Tumor-Normal Sequencing Guides Precision Therapy in Advanced Cancer Patients - Precision Oncology News

Prenatal and New-born Genetic Testing Market will exceed USD 7 billion by 2024; as per a new research report.

Technological advancement and several benefits associated with infant genetic testing will be major driver of the prenatal and new-born genetic testing market. Introduction of prenatal testing has led to substantial amount of increase in adoption rate of new testing technologies such as non-invasive prenatal testing (NIPT) for detection of sub chromosomal abnormalities, single-gene disorders and aneuploidy in North America region. Inclination towards minimally invasive infant genetic testing along with demand for early detection of birth defects will one of the major reason for market growth.

Rising number of consanguineous relations in the developing countries of Asia and Middle East will foster growth opportunities for prenatal and newborn genetic testing market. The consanguineous relations are responsible for births of infants with defects and chromosomal abnormalities. Consequent, the increase in cases of live births diagnosed with birth defects will directly impact the growth of prenatal and new-born genetic testing market.

Request sample copy of this report @ https://www.gminsights.com/request-sample/detail/1906

Increasing prevalence of birth defects among the European population is one of the major reason for rising infant mortality. The necessary government initiatives in order to conduct prenatal and new-born genetic tests to diagnose the birth defects will increase the number of infant screening programs giving rise to market growth opportunities.

However, lack of infrastructure and skilled labor in the low and middle income countries will impede the parental and newborn genetic testing market growth. Moreover, ethical issues associated with prenatal and newborn testing coupled with incidences of false test results will further hamper industry growth.

Screening technology holds majority of market share in the year 2017 owing to increasing number of screening procedures of pregnant women while delivery. The rise in awareness among the families regarding genetic birth defects and early detection of genetic disorder will augment the segment growth in the near future.

Make Inquiry about this report @ https://www.gminsights.com/inquiry-before-buying/1906

Downs Syndrome recorded largest market share in the prenatal and newborn genetic testing market due to increasing in number of births diagnosed with Downs syndrome. The rise in incidences of women getting married at later stage of life is leading to increasing births with Downs Syndrome. These factors will further support the segment growth over the forecast timeframe.

Hospitals hold the majority of market share owing to increasing number of births in hospitals. Hospitals are aided by the government and provide the facilities require for the newborn screening. The increase in number of screening programs in hospitals provides significant scope for the market growth.

U.S. dominated the market in 2017 owing to ongoing technological advancements along with favorable reimbursement policies. The U.S. region had 99% of newborn screening rate and high awareness about prenatal and new-born genetic testing will be responsible for the market growth in U.S. Presence of technologically advanced and equipped manufacturing companies along with government initiatives supporting screening activities that will impel market growth.

Some of the major market players competing in global prenatal and newborn genetic testing market are Ariosa Diagnostics (Roche), Berry Genomics, BGI, Biorad, Illumina, Laboratory Corporation of America, Natera, Qiagen, Sequenom, Trivitron Healthcare and Verinata health. The competitors are using launch of novel products with technological advancements, acquisitions and mergers as the key strategies to foresee a lucrative growth in prenatal and newborn genetic testing market. For example, In March 2018, Natera declared a partnership with QIAGEN to develop cell-free DNA assays for QIAGENs GeneReader NGS System. These DNA assays will be developed and designed for tests, including prenatal screening, for laboratories and hospitals globally.

Originally posted here:
Prenatal and New-born Genetic Testing Market Inclinations And Development Status Highlighted During Forecast Period 2019-2025 - Cole of Duty

Womens relationship with their breasts is complicated. It includes apprehension about development, insecurity about size and shape, uncertainty about how to enhance/reveal/cover up/support them and then, post-middle age, concern about how well theyre holding up.

But nothing compares to the alarm felt when detecting a suspicious lump while taking a shower, the anxiety while awaiting the results of a mammogram or the heart-stopping terror triggered by the words Its cancer.

No one knows this more intimately than the medical professionals who interact with patients in the rapidly evolving field of breast health: geneticists, genetic counselors, radiologists, oncologists and nurse navigators.

Most breast cancers require a combination of different treatments, and the order and combination of those things is a whole lot more complicated today than ever before, says Dr. Blair Harkness, a gynecological oncologist at Hope Womens Cancer Centers, an arm of Mission Health. That is not a negative: We know so much more today about the different subtypes of breast cancer. Treatment is much more individualized, based on the biology of the different types of breast cancer.

You have to identify exactly what youre dealing with first, what kind of cancer, and then you can put together the plan and order of things. Its an important multidisciplinary team: genetics, surgery, medical oncology, radiation oncology, radiology, pathology. We all work together.

Dr. Jennifer McAlister, a breast surgeon at Pardee UNC Health Care, concurs. Each patient at Pardee receives multidisciplinary care, she explains. The entire breast cancer team is on one floor in the cancer center, so its easy for us to talk about specific cases. We also have a multidisciplinary tumor board that meets weekly to discuss all cancer cases. That team includes a radiologist, pathologist, medical oncologists, radiation oncologist, surgeons and palliative care.

Meanwhile, the current pandemic has further complicated efforts to diagnose and treat the disease (see sidebar, Breast cancer in the time of COVID).

Physicians encourage adult women of all ages to perform monthly breast self-exams. At age 40, women are advised to get a first baseline mammogram. Mission recommends an annual screening beginning at 40, because that reduces your risk of dying from breast cancer by 40%, says Dr. Sheri Fleeman, assistant medical director of breast imaging at Mission Health. One out of 6 breast cancers are diagnosed in the 40-to-49-year-old age range. Our goal is to find cancers early, treat them early and save as many lives as possible, and we feel like we can do that best if we start at 40 and do an annual.

There are exceptions, however. We recommend a baseline mammogram at age 40 unless a patient had a direct family member previously diagnosed with breast cancer, said Linda Richards, who has since retired as administrative director of cancer services at AdventHealth Hendersonville (formerly Park Ridge Health). For example, if a womans mother was diagnosed with breast cancer at 42, the recommendation for baseline for this woman would be 32: 10 years prior to the family members diagnosis.

Documenting family medical history is now standard procedure: For their first appointment at any practice, all new patients complete a lengthy questionnaire. When that information raises a red flag, patients may be referred to a genetic counselor.

Providers are becoming a lot more proactive asking about family history, and if there is cause, they may suggest an appointment at a genetics center, says Mission Healths Carolyn Wilson. We see people here for all types of indications, but the biggest area of growth, here and at all genetics centers, is in the area of inherited cancer, notes Wilson, one of six genetic counselors at the regions only such facility.

We know that about 10% of cancer is genetic, so its very common for people who either have a family history of cancer or a new diagnosis of breast cancer or another type of cancer to be referred to genetics. Determining if they might be in the genetic group, she continues, can certainly impact their screening, their treatment and medication choices.

Patients can expect the first appointment with a genetic counselor to run from 75-90 minutes. In addition to reviewing both personal and family cancer history, counselors will discuss the benefits and limitations of genetic testing. The process, says Wilson, is kind of complicated, and the results are not always black or white. We sometimes find an uncertain genetic change, which is not the same as a positive. You might not get a yes or no answer.

For those who decide to go ahead with it, the process involves either a blood or a saliva test. It takes two to three weeks to get the results, And if anything comes back positive or uncertain, we are happy to meet again to review the information, says Wilson. The report and a detailed letter are sent to them and their provider, so together they can map their next steps.

Even for those who test negative, however, the center creates a risk assessment based on personal and family history. Nongenetic factors that increase breast cancer risk include increased breast density shown on mammograms, having ones first period at a young age, having children later in life or not at all and hormone replacement therapy.

If a persons lifetime assessment risk for breast cancer is greater than 20% based on these computer-based models, they are recommended to follow high-risk breast screening, which includes an annual mammogram and breast MRI, notes Wilson.

And while mammograms are still the procedure most laywomen think of when it comes to getting naked and having your breasts squeezed flat between plates, breast imaging is a more accurate description of the many tools radiologists currently use to see the breast.

The 3D mammogram, explains Dr. David Onofrey of AdventHealths Medical Group Breast Center, creates a better image by pulling multiple X-ray images in just 10 seconds. A computer puts the images together, and this produces concisely focused three-dimensional images throughout the breast. Studies show that 3D mammography detects slightly more breast cancers than standard. AdventHealth, Mission and Pardee all perform this procedure.

At Pardee, notes McAlister, all mammograms are now 3D. In patients with dense breast tissue, we know that 3D mammograms find smaller masses or cancers that could be hidden on traditional 2D mammograms, she says. When the breast tissue is dense, it tends to overlap on itself and can be difficult to read. The 3D imaging allows us to view the breast in slices, so there is less risk of missing something small.

Another useful technology for women who have dense breast tissue a condition that, when discovered in a standard mammogram, must be reported to both physician and patient is the 3D whole breast ultrasound, or ABUS. The procedure, says Fleeman of Mission Health, uses sound waves to take 3D pictures of the breast. This is helpful because the breast is composed of fatty tissue and glandular tissue. The more glandular tissue you have, the denser your breasts. On mammograms, the fatty tissue is black and the glandular tissue is white. Cancers also show up as white, so in dense breasts, its like looking for a polar bear in a snowstorm. ABUS is a totally different way of looking at breast tissue, and in patients with dense breasts it can pick up cancers a mammogram might miss.

Yet another advanced tool is a breast MRI, which requires an IV to provide contrast. A more expensive test, its reserved for high-risk patients, says Fleeman.

If a tumor is detected, the next step would be a biopsy, and here too, advanced technology plays a role. The 3D-guided biopsy provides the radiologist with a clearer, more detailed image, allowing precise, accurate sampling of the tissue, explains Lisa Gundersen, clinical operations director of cancer services at AdventHealth. Its also more comfortable for the patient, she continues. AdventHealth, Mission and Pardee all offer this procedure.

For patients diagnosed with cancer, the interdisciplinary team develops an individualized treatment plan. Its not enough to simply say breast cancer anymore, notes Harkness. Its What kind? Because treatments we do are far more individualized for both the patient and the type of breast cancer were dealing with. So the first step is really understanding the imaging, the biopsy result and the subtype of cancer someone has, and then coming up with the best order and combination of treatment.

Most breast cancers, he continues, need some combination of surgery, radiation, chemotherapy and hormonal therapy; some cancers need all, but not every one. The order and combination depend on the subtype and the stage.

With new tests, says Harkness, oncologists can ascertain the tumors genetic makeup and, based on that, determine whether chemotherapy is likely to be effective. We use a lot less chemo for breast cancer than we used to, but hopefully were giving it more to people who will actually benefit from it. He adds that while some chemo regimens are harder to tolerate, thanks to better anti-nausea medications, the experience isnt nearly as bad as it used to be.

Despite the challenges, professionals engaged in the battle against breast cancer find reasons for optimism.

For Fleeman, the recent advances in sophisticated imaging are a key factor. We like 3D because we see better and its harder for the cancers to hide, she says. Our goal is to find and treat cancers early. With screening-detected cancer, the patient has to have less extensive surgery and less chemotherapy. When we find a cancer at Stage 1, its just a bump in the road.

Wilson, the genetic counselor, cites insurance companies increased acceptance of genetic testing. They used to look at it as kind of experimental, but now its really standard of care, because it can really make a difference financially and medically. If, through genetic testing, you can get someone the right treatment from the beginning versus failing five other treatments first, it makes a tremendous difference and impacts outcomes.

Harkness, meanwhile, believes, The biggest thing with breast cancer is how much research is being done. We have seen such dramatic strides in different areas of breast cancer over the last couple of decades; we are constantly refining and making advances. While nobody can know what that next thing is going to be, the trajectory of how much better we do in finding, treating and curing breast cancer today than we did even 10-15 years ago is where I find optimism.

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Recent advances are transforming breast cancer treatment - Mountain Xpress

A report, added to the extensive database of verified Market Research titled Direct-To-Consumer (DTC) Genetic Testing Market 2020 by Manufacturer, Region, Type and Application, Forecast up to 2026, is intended to highlight first-hand documentation of all the best implementations in the industry. The report contains an in-depth analysis of current and future market trends, segmentation, industrial opportunities and the future market scenario, taking into account the forecast years 2020 to 2026. It contains extremely important details on the key players in the Direct-To-Consumer (DTC) Genetic Testing market as well as growth-oriented practices, that they normally use. The report examines a number of growth drivers and limiting factors. The key forecast information by region, type and application with sales and revenue from 2020 to 2026 is included in this report.

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Top 10 Companies in the Direct-To-Consumer (DTC) Genetic Testing Market Research Report:

Competitive landscape:

The report examines the major players, including the profiles of the major players in the market with a significant global and / or regional presence, combined with their information such as related companies, downstream buyers, upstream suppliers, market position, historical background and top competitors based on the Sales with sales contact information.

Regional Description:

The Direct-To-Consumer (DTC) Genetic Testing market was analyzed and a proper survey of the market was carried out based on all regions of the world. The regions listed in the report include: North America (United States, Canada, and Mexico), Europe (Germany, France, United Kingdom, Russia, and Italy), Asia-Pacific (China, Japan, Korea, India, and Southeast Asia), South America (Brazil, Argentina , Colombia etc.), Middle East and Africa (Saudi Arabia, United Arab Emirates, Egypt, Nigeria and South Africa). All these regions have been studied in detail and the prevailing trends and different possibilities are also mentioned in the market report.

Sales and sales broken down by application:

Sales and sales divided by type:

In addition, the report categorizes product type and end uses as dynamic market segments that directly impact the growth potential and roadmap of the target market. The report highlights the core developments that are common to all regional hubs and their subsequent impact on the holistic growth path of the Direct-To-Consumer (DTC) Genetic Testing market worldwide. Other valuable aspects of the report are the market development history, various marketing channels, supplier analysis, potential buyers and the analysis of the markets industrial chain.

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Table of Content

1 Introduction of Direct-To-Consumer (DTC) Genetic Testing Market

1.1 Overview of the Market1.2 Scope of Report1.3 Assumptions

2 Executive Summary

3 Research Methodology of Verified Market Research

3.1 Data Mining3.2 Validation3.3 Primary Interviews3.4 List of Data Sources

4 Direct-To-Consumer (DTC) Genetic Testing Market Outlook

4.1 Overview4.2 Market Dynamics4.2.1 Drivers4.2.2 Restraints4.2.3 Opportunities4.3 Porters Five Force Model4.4 Value Chain Analysis

5 Direct-To-Consumer (DTC) Genetic Testing Market, By Deployment Model

5.1 Overview

6 Direct-To-Consumer (DTC) Genetic Testing Market, By Solution

6.1 Overview

7 Direct-To-Consumer (DTC) Genetic Testing Market, By Vertical

7.1 Overview

8 Direct-To-Consumer (DTC) Genetic Testing Market, By Geography

8.1 Overview8.2 North America8.2.1 U.S.8.2.2 Canada8.2.3 Mexico8.3 Europe8.3.1 Germany8.3.2 U.K.8.3.3 France8.3.4 Rest of Europe8.4 Asia Pacific8.4.1 China8.4.2 Japan8.4.3 India8.4.4 Rest of Asia Pacific8.5 Rest of the World8.5.1 Latin America8.5.2 Middle East

9 Direct-To-Consumer (DTC) Genetic Testing Market Competitive Landscape

9.1 Overview9.2 Company Market Ranking9.3 Key Development Strategies

10 Company Profiles

10.1.1 Overview10.1.2 Financial Performance10.1.3 Product Outlook10.1.4 Key Developments

11 Appendix

11.1 Related Research

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Impact of Covid-19 Outbreak on Direct-To-Consumer (DTC) Genetic Testing Market 2020 Trends, Growth Opportunities, Demand, Application, Top Companies...

Since he was born, Tylen has known he had a half brother on the other side of the country. In 2008, Tylens mother, Christy Coyle, had used the same sperm donor as the other mom, Lauran, and they found one another online. The kids were born weeks apart, met as infants, and played together. Their single mothers spoke weekly on the phone and raised them as half siblings so they would always have someone just like them whom they could turn to. For years, a large canvas photo print of Coyle holding the two boys hung on a wall in Laurans house.

We had planned that when they turned 18 and got to meet the donor that they were going to do it together, Coyle said. It was just our life plan.

With their children approaching 10, the two women paid for an AncestryDNA test to provide the boys with a piece of paper confirming their ties and breaking down their genetic history. One evening, while on the phone with Coyle, Lauran looked up the results.

And then it was just dead silence, Coyle said. There was no noise at all. And she just said, Theyre not related.

Coyle, now 41, was given the wrong sperm sample. The discovery sent her into a spiral. She felt violated, having been inseminated by a strange man whom she did not choose. She felt foolish, having searched in vain for physical similarities between the two boys. But she also felt that she had failed as a mother, as if she had betrayed her son and robbed him of the life plan she had envisioned.

It was a couple of months of just sitting there, being devastated for my son, she told BuzzFeed News. Lots of no sleeping or crying because you dont know what to tell your son. You feel like youve been lying to them about where they came from.

It would take months and a DNA test from an unsuspecting middle-aged woman living far away in Texas before the mystery would be solved.

Tylen, right, with Lauran's son as toddlers.

In the multibillion-dollar sperm bank industry, stories of mix-ups have become increasingly common. While federal regulators require that samples be tested for communicable diseases such as HIV, there is little to no national regulation beyond that: No laws punishing sloppy record-keeping at the clinics, no laws mandating that the personal information provided by donors is verified, no laws ensuring that women are being inseminated with the exact samples they have selected. And theres currently no major lobbying effort to change any of that.

Wendy Kramer cofounder of the Donor Sibling Registry, a website that connects children who were conceived using sperm donors said most people dont know how little the industry is regulated. I think for so many of us when we had to use a donor in order to have a child we all thought, Oh, its the medical industry. These are medical professionals, so theres going to be the same ethics and morals and responsibilities and record-keeping, she said. What many of us have come to realize over the years is this isnt the medical profession. These are sperm-sellers, and thats very different, and their ethics and responsibilities are very different.

The increasing ubiquity and availability of at-home DNA testing kits, genealogy websites, and social media has been a slow-building storm for the donor industry, gradually exposing more and more cases of samples or records being mishandled. Just as police departments are cracking decades-old cold cases using genetic testing, donor-conceived children are learning shocking information about themselves and their families.

The mistakes from clinics span the country and stretch back decades, taking a profound human toll not only on children such as Tylen but also on donor-conceived adults, shattering their understanding of themselves and their families as well as the bonds they have painstakingly built.

We obviously didnt grow up with one another, and we obviously didnt live close to one another, so that already makes it difficult to maintain a relationship, said Sam Johnson, a 29-year-old New Yorker who unearthed shocking information about his donor and his supposed half siblings after taking a DNA test. But then when you add the fact that were not even related, its like, whats really holding it together?

These stories from Coyle and Johnson touch on fundamentally human questions: What is family? And what is its purpose?

For most people, of course, family goes beyond simple blood bonds but involves social connections built over years of shared experiences. Its also a central means by which we get to know ourselves and build our identity.

For donor-conceived children, discovering new relatives with similar lived experiences can mean theyre extending their family in both the genealogical and social sense. The half sibling could fill in gaps in their biological identity and build a relationship that fills in part of their social identity and self-awareness.

Its hard enough for these donor-conceived people to kind of jockey around the whole idea of identity: Who am I when I dont know where half of me comes from? Kramer said. Connecting with others who also share that unknown half of yourself can be very important, can be profound and life-changing. Relationships are made, bonds are made, and friendships are made. Their family has expanded.

Then to have the rug pulled out under you, to say those people are not actually your biological relative, is extremely upsetting.

Johnson knew at an early age that his family was different. Born to two moms in the early 1990s, he grew up an only child in northern Manhattan. Liberal New York was something of a bubble, but kids were still kids. I definitely got shit ... Every time somebody would say, Oh, thats gay, I would fucking correct that, he said. People would definitely make fun of the way that I was born, the fact that I was conceived through artificial insemination.

He loved his moms, but there was an occasional nagging feeling a sense of mourning, as he described it, for not knowing exactly where he had come from. The only clue Johnson had was the donor information card from the New York clinic, Repro Lab, that his birth mother, Nicole Johnson, had used to conceive him. According to the donor sheet, Donor #19 was Italian, Catholic, and worked as a doctor. He had green eyes and dark brown hair. He was married and enjoyed soccer and antiques. He didnt smoke or drink, and he had a spotless medical history. Describes himself as, read the sheet, optimistic, exciting, and honest.

As he grew older, Johnson internalized what little information the paper provided him. He tried picking up some Italian using Duolingo and even had a friend teach him some recipes, soon perfecting the simple Neapolitan dish spaghetti aglio e olio. Occasionally, hed search online for doctors photos, wondering if he looked like any of the men in the results. In 2007, his googling led him to Kramers website, the Donor Sibling Registry.

Within a year, he had connected with a woman who had the same Donor #19 card from Repro Lab. And then another. And another. And another still. He was overwhelmed.

One of the women, Genna Ellis, was the same age as Johnson; she had grown up in Brooklyn, also with two moms. When she and Johnson met at Manhattans Union Square, what could have been an awkward encounter quickly eased into an hours-long walk as they discussed their similar childhoods. It was a powerful experience for both of us, considering that was the first time we thought we were communicating with someone we were blood-related to, Ellis said.

For the next decade, Johnson reveled in these newfound connections: A social worker by trade, he helped Ellis with an addiction problem. He visited one half sister in California when he helped a friend move across the country. He helped a third through a bad breakup and let her sleep on his couch. He was there when she got her first tattoo. She even came to his wedding.

I was always proud to be like, yeah, this is my sister to be able to say that, he said. I liked the idea of it.

The first crack came when one of the supposed half sisters took a 23andMe test and learned she had Baltic, not Italian, heritage. She later matched with a Slovakian man who confirmed he had been a donor at the New York clinic in his youth.

Johnson took a 23andMe test. Ellis took one too. None of them were related to each other. Their donors were all different.

It definitely hurt to find out that these relationships not to minimize their significance but to find out that the foundations that they were built upon were false, he said. Over the course of 10 years, I spent time forming relationships with these people. Not that they werent still meaningful, but its like the foundation is, like, what the fuck?

William Henry Pancoast (1835 - 1897). American physician and surgeon.

Secrecy and fraud have been present since the very first recorded case of successful artificial insemination in the US when in 1884, a 41-year-old wealthy Philadelphia business merchant and his 31-year-old wife came to see one of the citys most prominent physicians, William Pancoast. The doctor and his medical students inspected both and ultimately concluded the mans semen contained no sperm. After months of treatment failed, Pancoast came up with a plan B when one of his students joked that the only solution to this problem is to call in the hired man.

Pancoast invited the woman to his clinic and knocked her unconscious with chloroform. Then, without her consent and with his students present, the doctor used a hard rubber syringe to inject some fresh semen from the best-looking member of the class into her uterus before plugging her cervix with gauze. The students and Pancoast made a pledge of absolute secrecy.

She became pregnant, and Pancoast eventually felt guilty enough to tell her husband. He turned out to be delighted with the idea but asked that his wife not be informed. She later gave birth to a son. The insemination was only revealed 25 years later when one of the students, Addison Davis Hard, published a piece in a medical journal recounting the procedure. By all accounts, the woman was never told.

In the 1950s, scientific breakthroughs came with the freezing of sperm and the early pioneers immediately envisaged grand commercial potential. One of the first researchers in the field, Raymond Bunge, predicted in a letter to his mother, It wont be long before my icicles will be in the deep freeze section of supermarkets. But the research remained controversial; a 1954 headline about three babies born through Bunges method of freezing and insemination declared, Fatherhood After Death Has Now Been Proved Possible. Fear of so-called test tube babies abounded.

The first sperm banks didnt arrive until the 1970s, mainly as a place for men to deposit and store their own samples for later use, say, if they were going through cancer treatment. Fertility doctors were still mostly using fresh sperm samples not frozen ones to inseminate women. When the AIDS crisis began and several women contracted HIV from fresh donations, medical preference shifted for the first time to using frozen samples for the procedure. The only real regulation implemented involved screening the samples for STDs. But the list of diseases that are tested are relatively short, said Naomi R. Cahn, law professor at George Washington University and author of Test Tube Families: Why the Fertility Market Needs Legal Regulation. And for all we know the same donor that could be rejected at one bank is going to another bank and trying again until that donor succeeds.

There are no records of how many sperm donations are made every year in the US, nor of how many children are conceived, but it is frequently said to be between 30,000 to 60,000 births per year. Kramer with the DSR argues that number is woefully out of date.

Still, the scandals tend to find the media spotlight. There was the man whose samples were used to produce more than 150 children, the many parents who end up unintentionally having children of different races (in one instance because a clinic was said to have confused Donor 380 with Donor 330), the woman whose dead husbands samples were misplaced and allegedly used to impregnate other women, or the Georgia clinic that allegedly marketed a donor to hopeful parents as a neuroscience genius studying a PhD in engineering but who was in reality an ex-con who had never attended college and had a history of psychiatric hospitalization. His sample has been used to conceive at least 36 children.

Many of these mistakes would not have come to light had it not been for the arrival of the DNA genealogy market an industry estimated to be valued at over $3 billion in the US alone. Even if donors had requested decades ago to remain private, genealogy websites and social media have made that largely impossible. A 2018 survey of almost 500 donor-conceived people conducted by Kramers website found that almost a quarter of them had used DNA testing to track down their donor.

As more donor-conceived children find their biological parents and half siblings, new and extended family units are forming. One 2016 study of 419 donor-conceived children found more than a third of them get together once a year with the half siblings theyve discovered, and a fifth of them meet up together several times a year. Some 42% of them said they considered their half sibling to be part of their immediate nuclear family.

Tylen had been Christy Coyles miracle. In 2008, she was single and working in the records department of a police department in Chicago's suburbs when she was told she needed surgery to treat cervical cancer. If she wanted to ever have children like she had always dreamed, her doctor said, she needed to move quickly. She got to work.

Within three days, she had selected a sperm bank that would mail her a sample, NW Cryobank in Washington state, and begun printing out information sheets about possible donors, organizing them on the floor in stacks. She made lists of her preferred qualities blue eyes, blonde or brown hair, athletic, good eyesight, and above all healthy and circled donors who met her criteria.

Some nine months later, she was holding her son after he was delivered via C-section. He was just beautiful, she recalled through tears. It was like every dream that I had was in my hands, and I didnt think that was going to happen.

Using a forum on the sperm banks website, Coyle connected with Lauran, who was in South Carolina and had selected the same donor (Lauran asked that she be identified only by her first name and that her son not be named to protect their privacy). She, too, was a single woman now expecting a boy. I always thought that I would have a child in a marriage where I have somebody to share it with, said Coyle. And it was like she was somebody who, even though were just friends, she was able to understand what I was going through at the exact same time, and that was huge. It got me through a lot.

The connection deepened once the boys were born. Once they were here, we could see what they looked like and how big they were, said Lauran, now 44. We were constantly comparing: What size clothes is he in? Is he crawling yet? We went back and forth like that for years.

When the boys were almost 2, the families met. The two women booked adjoining hotel rooms in Atlanta and watched as the kids played together in parks and water fountains and fed each other fruit. Soon enough, the door between the two rooms remained open and the boys ran back and forth freely.

Coyle and Lauran's children playing together in the Atlanta hotel room

Despite living far apart, the families remained exceptionally close. Lauran and Coyle even decided to use another matching donor for their second children to further connect their families.

But when Lauran logged on to AncestryDNA during the phone call with Coyle one evening in 2018, they finally discovered the truth. A subsequent DNA test performed by California Cryobank which purchased NW Cryobanks assets in 2016 from another company, Cryo confirmed that only Lauran had been impregnated with the sample both women had requested. Coyle felt like all the planning shed done years ago, all her best intentions, had been for naught.

I thought I was doing what was best. I picked somebody who he would get to know when he turned 18. I had a piece of paper telling me what he looked like. I had all the information, and suddenly you find out none of that was true. You dont even know who you got, she said. Its a really hard thing to process. And you have to go back and really reevaluate if you made the right decision. I question myself a lot. It made me feel horrible.

There was grief, too. The vision the women had for their sons futures a half brother to call their own, a donor whom the boys could meet together when they turned 18 had disappeared. We thought, Well, if something were to happen, if the donor decided he didnt want contact, or he turned out to be a jerk, [my son] and Ty would have each other. No matter what, theyd have each other, said Lauran. And it just completely took that away from us.

Sitting on their couch in 2011 in California, Bryce Branzell and his new fianc, Ariel, were watching a TV show when one of the characters went to a sperm bank. The show brought up an old memory for Branzell, then 23, about the time hed almost donated to a clinic. When he told Ariel, they laughed about it. I was like, good thing you didnt! she told BuzzFeed News. We joked about it like, good thing you didnt and you dont have 10 kids out there!

In 2008, Branzell had returned from basic training with the Army Reserves in Montana. Money was tight. As he scanned the classifieds for jobs he saw an ad promising $500 for every sperm donation. It was easy money. He filled out an application detailing information about his physical condition, health, and education. Within a few weeks, he was called in to provide a sample so the clinic could test his fertility and determine if he could donate.

Thats when he started having doubts. He liked the idea of getting his fertility tested, but he still wasnt sure if he was comfortable with donating for real. When he turned up at the clinic for the awkward experience of masturbating into a cup, the nagging doubts were suddenly alarm bells.

At the time, I was thinking prior to this, Yeah, its a good idea. I like the fact that I can help a family have a child, he said. But then I actually got in there, and Im thinking about the long-term things that could potentially come from this and the fact that I want to have my own kids and how awkward it would be to say, Hey, boys, girls, guess what? Youve got an older sibling that you never knew about.

Branzell handed his test sample to the male technician and then apologized. He was backing out. He said he was assured his sample would be disposed of and he had nothing to worry about.

A decade passed. Branzell deployed to Afghanistan twice, first with the Army and then the Marines. He met Ariel. They married and moved to Texas, where he became a police officer in Round Rock. Ariel began flipping houses. Together, they had two boys: Conrad, 5, and Asher, 2.

Bryce Branzell and his wife, Ariel.

Then in January 2019, Branzell received a text message from his mother. She had been building a family tree and was given an AncestryDNA kit for her birthday. Now, a woman in Illinois had sent a message seeking medical information about her own son, who was conceived using a donor linked to Branzells mom. Had he ever made a donation before?

It was one of those moments where Im like, there has to be some sort of mistake here. Theres no way something could have happened, said Branzell. And then all of a sudden the thought popped in my mind that this did happen; I did provide a test sample to the company. Could that have been it?

Branzell began pacing the room as Ariel went to the womans Facebook account and began scrolling. She saw pictures of the womans son. She was shocked. He had the same chin and ears as her husband. She found photos of the boy as a baby. He looked just like their own son.

Branzell couldnt help but agree: She pulled up a picture of Tylen, he said, and I thought, Yep, he looks just like me as a kid.

A DNA test would later confirm it: Branzell was Tylen Coyles father.

The first phone call between Branzell and Tylen was full of awkward fits and starts. Hi, Im Bryce, he recalled saying to his son months later. Yeah, Im your dad? I guess? Maybe?

You could tell he was nervous about it. He wasnt as talkative, according to Christy, as he usually is, Branzell said. It was kind of awkward to begin with. Just, how do we handle this relationship now?

For both Branzell and Coyle, there is no guidebook for families suddenly joined together or, in the case of Sam Johnson and Genna Ellis, torn apart as a result of errors in the donor industry. Their relationship their understanding of what their family is is whatever they and their children want it to be.

How Branzells sperm sample ended up being used to conceive Coyles son is now the subject of a federal lawsuit. He is suing California Cryobank and Cryo for negligence, fraud, and infliction of emotional distress, among other things. (Reached for comment, lawyers for California Cryobank referred BuzzFeed News to their motion they filed on May 13 to dismiss the case. Cryo also filed its own motion to dismiss. Both companies argue they did not inherit NW Cryobanks liabilities when they purchased its stock and are not responsible for any wrongdoing.)

The Branzells had decided to contact Coyle the day after they learned of her request. Shed merely been asking for medical information about her sons donor, and they reasoned that if they were in her situation they would want the same. (Branzell has a history of blood clots, and the couple test their boys routinely.)

When the message arrived, Coyle felt like she could breathe again for the first time in months. It was a relief that oh my gosh, I finally know that at least there is a person and hes a real person that gave that donation, she said. I know it sounds dumb, but I was finally able to put a face with my sons other genetic half.

This hunt for medical information is also the driving force for Johnson in wanting answers about his donor. Hes a father himself now; he worries for his son, Phoenix, who was born last year with gastroesophageal reflux disease, despite it not running in Johnsons nor his wifes known family. What else could be lurking? He may have another rare disease that we could get tested, said Johnson, but I have no idea what the fucking medical history is.

Johnson knows that family is about more than DNA. He has good friends he considers to be Phoenixs uncles. And the relationships he built with the women he thought were his sisters still mean something to him; hes just not sure what.

I spent most of my life always wondering what the other side of me was, he said. You sort of start to piece together an identity based on this collective understanding of you guys having the same sort of situation and were like, oh, were related. We can form our own weird sober family thing! And then as soon as you start to do that and its taken away, it makes it feel like not necessarily that your time has been wasted but...yeah, it also does.

It definitely does feel like a loss, he said. It feels weird now if I were to contact them and try to talk to them, theres this voice in my head thats like, why? Not that theyre no longer important to me. I still care about them. Feelings like that dont go away, but I envision this cruel audience in my head being like, Youre being weird reaching out to these people. Theyre not even related to you.

In 2018, after he learned he was not related to his supposed half siblings, he wrote to Repro Lab, but the company said it no longer had the appropriate records on file. We understand how you feel, a company representative wrote back to him in an email provided to BuzzFeed News. There is a lot of confusion from the findings you described and we understand the emotions it has surfaced.

The reply infuriated Johnson. Have you been through this exact same experience? he told BuzzFeed News of their response. Then dont fucking tell me you understand. Im pissed.

Awilda Grillo, director of Repro Lab, told BuzzFeed News she could not say definitively what occurred in Johnsons case as she started working at the clinic after his mother ordered the sample in 1990. I dont know if it was an error in record-keeping, she said. Were talking about 28 or 29 years ago. Donor #19 was, I think, probably one of the first donors of the Repro Lab, and back then things were different.

She also suggested that the physicians who inseminated the different women may have made errors. You cant say because you have a piece of paper that you were inseminated with that donor. The only thing that could confirm that is the record of the procedure, Grillo said. I dont want to point fingers and say theyre guilty [or] were guilty. Who knows? Who knows whos guilty? But Im saying theres so many possibilities.

The New York Times reported last year in a story Grillo said was misleading that the New York State Health Department had found poor record-keeping at the clinic. The investigation was prompted when a woman discovered her 21-year-old daughter had been conceived using a sample from Repro Lab she had not originally selected.

Grillo said Sams story was unfortunate and upsetting, but she had no answers for him. Theres no clarity, she said. Theres a lot of unknowns, unfortunately.

In three states California, Indiana, and Texas so-called fertility fraud laws now make it a crime for a doctor to knowingly inseminate a patient with a donor whom they have not selected and given consent. These laws mainly came in response to doctors who used their own samples to impregnate unknowing women. (One Indiana doctor parented more than 60 biological children through this fraud.) But courts have been loath to find that families have suffered as a result of an accident or negligence as long as the child is healthy. The Utah Supreme Court called this the supposition that the road not taken would have led to a better result and described it a common human fallacy.

This was the judgment Coyle said she feared receiving in sharing her story with BuzzFeed News. It seems like the moms in these kinds of stories usually get responses like, You should be happy that you just have a healthy kid, she said. But they dont understand the emotional strain that it puts on you, and I think that they really need to change regulations and be held responsible for what they did.

Lauran, too, is sympathetic to her friends plight. Ive read stories of other moms. The judge kind of says, Youve got a healthy kid. What do you care? Well, because this is a person, and Ive been telling him one thing for 10 years and now Ive been lying unknowingly, she said. Hes a person. Hes not a product.

Months after the Branzells reached out to Coyle, the couples attorneys arranged for a meeting in Los Angeles. Ariel arrived first and had the awkward experience of meeting a total stranger who had given birth to her husbands child years before she had. Its just the weirdest, she said. Youre instantly connected, but youve never met them. You dont know any of their history, but you have this really strong connection.

It was there that Coyle pulled out her phone to FaceTime her son so he could speak to his father for the first time. She had waited until it was confirmed that Branzell was his donor before telling him about the mix-up. For Coyle, sharing the painful news that Tylen was not related to Laurans son was tempered somewhat by his excitement at knowing at last who his father is. He now peppers his mother with questions about Branzells work as a police officer and time in the military cool to almost any 10-year-old and wants to know if he, too, liked science when he was a kid.

Branzell, though, is taking it slow for now, at least. He and Ariel havent told their sons yet about their new half brother. He also doesnt know how many other children he may have out there, or how many times his supposedly discarded sample may have been used. He wonders what might happen if someone else turns up at his door at age 18 asking to be part of the family.

Still, he envisages a future relationship with Tylen one day. I know that he wants to have a relationship with his father, and it wouldnt be fair for me to say I dont want that, he said. Hes a kid, and I want to give him the things that he wants because he didnt get this choice. None of us did.

In South Carolina, Lauran also had to sit her son down and break the news about Tylen, but she isnt sure he really understands or has emotionally processed what happened. I dont know that he feels the full brunt of it just yet, she said.

But, she told him, Coyle and her boys are still family even if he is no longer related by blood to them. Ten years of bonds dont vanish overnight.

In her home, she still has on the wall the canvas photo print of Coyle and the kids, taken on that Atlanta trip in the hotel pool. Tylen wears a life vest, and Laurans son has floaties on as he reaches up to the camera for his mom. Coyle is beaming as she cradles them both.

Its just a good memory, said Lauran. I still think of it as when my son met his half brother, even though I know biologically its not true. Thats how I still like to think of it.

Excerpt from:
They Grew Up Believing They Were Half Brothers From The Same Sperm Donor. A DNA Test Revealed The Truth. - BuzzFeed News

IIT Alumni Council Partners With Mumbai University

Image credit: Shutterstock image for representation purpose

A day after announcing the world's largest infectious diseases testing lab here to help fight the COVID-19 pandemic and other diseases, the IIT Alumni Council on May 29 said it has partnered with Mumbai University for the mega lab project.

The proposed MegaLab Mumbai, with a capacity to make as much as 1 crore tests a month, will be up and running from July with 1 lakh testing capabilities. It will reach full potential by early October, and will be the world's largest dedicated molecular diagnostic and genetic testing facility. MegaLab Mumbai will work with the National Centre for Nanosciences and Nanotechnology and the Innovation and Incubation Centre of the Mumbai University.

"The IIT Alumni Council is honoured to have the Mumbai University as its partner for enabling a world-class healthcare infrastructure in Mumbai for testing infectious diseases including the new coronavirus which has become a pandemic now.

"Under the partnership, the students, the faculty and the research infrastructure of the university will act as the research backbone of the MegaLab project, which will be based on the end-to-end Kodoy indigenous technology stack and will have adequate capacity for testing the entire population of Mumbai for infectious diseases, each month," said Ravi Sharma, the council president.

Mumbai University Vice-Chancellor Suhas Pednekar said, "Building on our strength in biotechnology and related research areas such as biosciences, we are now chartering a new path by partnering in a path breaking initiative promoted by the IIT Alumni Council to create one of the largest labs ever built for molecular diagnostic and genetic testing in Mumbai."

A global competition is underway to finalise more partners and also to identify the appropriate equipment sources, and consumable manufacturers. To enable the creation of an entire ecosystem to support the path-breaking initiative, MegaLab Mumbai will be partnering with research-oriented institutions of national importance in Mumbai and Delhi, Sharma said. The partnership with Mumbai University will ensure consistency, speed, quality and scale of MegaLab testing, he said.

The council has been on the forefront of catalysing and motivating students, professionals, corporates, startups and academicians to align their energies in the quest to find innovative, low-cost and rapidly scalable solutions for the pandemic.

The council has already developed 100 per cent indigenous kits which are in various stages of manufacturing and approvals so as to meet the entire requirement of developing countries, including India, China, Asean nations, the Middle East, Africa and Latin America.

MegaLab Mumbai is the biggest initiative of the council to date and aims to help design and establish the largest genetic testing laboratory for the new coronavirus and other infectious diseases like TB with an end-to-end capacity to carry out over 1 crore tests per month.

Ravindra Kulkarni, the pro-vice-chancellor of Mumbai University, said the varsity has an outstanding track record in the area of biological and medical sciences. "Several doctors who are at the forefront in the fight against new coronavirus have been our alumni and we take pride in their contribution," he said.

(with PTI inputs)

IIT Alumni Mumbai University VC covid pandemic

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Fighting COVID-19: IIT Alumni Council Partners With Mumbai University For Its Megalab Project - NDTV

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In addition, the report categorizes product type and end uses as dynamic market segments that directly impact the growth potential and roadmap of the target market. The report highlights the core developments that are common to all regional hubs and their subsequent impact on the holistic growth path of the Direct-To-Consumer (DTC) Genetic Testing market worldwide. Other valuable aspects of the report are the market development history, various marketing channels, supplier analysis, potential buyers and the analysis of the markets industrial chain.

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Table of Content

1 Introduction of Direct-To-Consumer (DTC) Genetic Testing Market

1.1 Overview of the Market1.2 Scope of Report1.3 Assumptions

2 Executive Summary

3 Research Methodology of Verified Market Research

3.1 Data Mining3.2 Validation3.3 Primary Interviews3.4 List of Data Sources

4 Direct-To-Consumer (DTC) Genetic Testing Market Outlook

4.1 Overview4.2 Market Dynamics4.2.1 Drivers4.2.2 Restraints4.2.3 Opportunities4.3 Porters Five Force Model4.4 Value Chain Analysis

5 Direct-To-Consumer (DTC) Genetic Testing Market, By Deployment Model

5.1 Overview

6 Direct-To-Consumer (DTC) Genetic Testing Market, By Solution

6.1 Overview

7 Direct-To-Consumer (DTC) Genetic Testing Market, By Vertical

7.1 Overview

8 Direct-To-Consumer (DTC) Genetic Testing Market, By Geography

8.1 Overview8.2 North America8.2.1 U.S.8.2.2 Canada8.2.3 Mexico8.3 Europe8.3.1 Germany8.3.2 U.K.8.3.3 France8.3.4 Rest of Europe8.4 Asia Pacific8.4.1 China8.4.2 Japan8.4.3 India8.4.4 Rest of Asia Pacific8.5 Rest of the World8.5.1 Latin America8.5.2 Middle East

9 Direct-To-Consumer (DTC) Genetic Testing Market Competitive Landscape

9.1 Overview9.2 Company Market Ranking9.3 Key Development Strategies

10 Company Profiles

10.1.1 Overview10.1.2 Financial Performance10.1.3 Product Outlook10.1.4 Key Developments

11 Appendix

11.1 Related Research

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By: Express Web Desk | New Delhi | Published: May 29, 2020 8:00:22 pm Keeping in mind the opportunity to replicate with smaller capacities at other places in India and in other developing counties, the MegaLab will comprise of three independent lines, namely 1 million tests per month (tpm), 3 million tpm and 6 million tpm.

The IIT Alumni Council Friday announced that the alumni body will be partnering with Mumbai University for the MegaLab Mumbai Initiative.

According to a press release by the alumni council, MegaLab Mumbai is the biggest Covid-19 initiative of the IIT Alumni Council, which aims to help design and establish the largest genetic testing laboratory for Covid-19 and other infectious diseases with an end-to-end capacity to carry out over 10 million tests per month.

Keeping in mind the opportunity to replicate with smaller capacities at other places in India and in other developing counties, the MegaLab will comprise of three independent lines, namely 1 million tests per month (tpm), 3 million tpm and 6 million tpm.

The release stated that a global competition is being launched to identify sources for equipment, consummable manufacturers and operating partners. The lab has also proposed to work with National Centre for Nanosciences and Nanotechnology and the Innovation and Incubation center of Mumbai University. The alumni of IITs and alumni companies will work with the students, faculty and alumni of Mumbai University.

IIT Alumni Council is honoured to have Mumbai University as its partner for enabling world class healthcare infrastructure in Mumbai for testing and treatment of infectious diseases including Covid19. The students, faculty and research infrastructure of Mumbai University will act as the research backbone of the MegaLab project . MegaLab will be based on the end-to-end Kodoy indigenous technology stack and will have adequate capacity for testing the entire population of Mumbai for infectious diseases, each month said Ravi Sharma, President of IIT Alumni Council. This partnership will ensure the consistency, speed, quality and scale of MegaLab testing, he added .

Commenting on the partnership, Professor Suhas Pednekar, the Vice Chancellor of University of Mumbai said, With a 160+ years history of excellence in academics, University of Mumbai has been a pioneer in research work across multiple disciplines. Building on its strength in biotechnology and related research areas such as biosciences, it is now chartering a new path by partnering in a path breaking initiative promoted by the IIT Alumni Council to create one of the largest labs ever built for molecular diagnostic and genetic testing in Mumbai with a capacity of 10 Million RTPCR tests per month.

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Covid-19: IIT Alumni Council, Mumbai University to partner for MegaLab Mumbai initiative - The Indian Express

The memorable scenes of loons in the 1981 movie On Golden Pond were my first introduction to common loons, but it would be more than 30 years before I saw one in person.

While kayaking with my husband at a Northeast Washington lake five years ago, we could hear their legendary haunting and eerie call. A large male common loon then swam into view, and my fascination with loons began.

As a nature photographer, I was drawn to these unique, beautiful and interesting birds.

The striking appearance and haunting call of the loon are legendary. Their plumage has intricate patterns of black and white on their bodies; a dark multicolored collar, a head and partially striped neck that are iridescent when washed in sunlight.

And those piercing red eyes.

Loons breed throughout most of Canada and northern United States. They migrate to salt water or large fresh water large lakes and rivers in winter, returning to the same nesting and migration sites each year. Loons are monogamous, but will seek out a new mate if their mate doesnt return in the spring. The lifespan of a healthy loon is up to 30 years.

Both male and female loons build their nest, incubate eggs, and care for young. Their tender devotion to their chicks is one of the most remarkable scenes I have witnessed in the natural world, and a trait that endears them to many. Chicks ride on their parents backs for the first couple of weeks after hatching.

In 2018, I was fortunate to witness this for the first time. The chick climbed onto the parents back using the tail like a ramp or going up under the parents wing. The little chick sat warm and safely protected, peering out from under the shelter of the wing, an image that remains forever etched in my mind.

Ive since viewed and photographed newly hatched chicks on multiple occasions, and the experience always leaves me in awe.

Their diet consists of fish, crayfish and aquatic invertebrates such as dragonfly nymphs. Loons swim along the surface of the lake with their head and necks underwater scanning for fish, shooting like a torpedo underwater after their prey. The parents feed chicks until they migrate in the fall.

While I was once focused on getting the shot, the motivation behind my work has changed over time. I began researching the creatures I was photographing to learn more about them, and in the process have come to really care about what I photograph and the challenges they face. Advocacy and teaching others about the subjects in my images are now an important part of my work.

There is often a story behind the scenes I photograph. Such is the case with loons. It turns out that seeing loons is a special thing indeed. Loons once nested in Washington, California, Idaho and Oregon, but today they are only known to be nesting in Washington. Historically, there were 50 known nesting pairs in Washington state. That number is much smaller now. The majority of nesting loons are in Northeast Washington, with just 16-20 nesting pairs there.

A loon pair has a clutch of one or two eggs per year. Few loon chicks survive to the end of summer to migrate. In 2000, Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife listed them as a sensitive and threatened species. Factors affecting their recovery are predation by other animals and birds, habitat loss, lead and mercury poisoning, and human interference.

In 1980, there were just 104 bald eagle breeding pairs in the state, but by 2005 had recovered to 840, continuing to increase since that time to the point that they have been removed from both the federal and state endangered species lists.

As predators, eagles sometimes prey on both loon chicks and adults a factor in building a sustainable loon population. Loons also ingest lead fishing tackle from broken fishing lines, resulting in lead poisoning. Regulations banning lead tackle at lakes where loons nest has helped, but non-nesting lakes that still allow lead tackle continue to affect mortality in transient or migrating loons.

Human interference is complex. Some loons are struck by boats or jet skis. At least nine waterfowl species eat fish in Eastern Washington, but there are a handful of people who object to loons eating fish, shooting them or intentionally destroying their nests.

Well-intentioned nature lovers and photographers also put them at risk by getting too close, driving loons from their nests or disrupting their nesting/chick raising in some way. Loons show distress by moving away from feeding chicks, leaving the nest, theatrical acrobatics in the water or alarm calls.

If your presence changes their behavior in any way, you are too close.

I have been fortunate to meet and learn from Dan and Ginger Poleschook, two volunteer researchers who have dedicated the last 25 years to Washington loon conservation work and advocacy, and have been instrumental in loon recovery.

Last summer, I joined them for loon banding at a remote Ferry County lake. Banding occurs late at night when all traces of light are gone a necessity for successful loon capture.

To an outsider, it probably looked like a clandestine drug operation, but it was actually a team of experts from the Forest Service and Biodiversity Research Institute working together on behalf of the loons.

Loons were captured and brought back to a staging area on shore, where the team drew blood to measure heavy metal levels, collected feathers for genetic testing and measured, weighed and banded the loons. A large male was caught first, and then later the female with a chick.

While the female was processed, Ginger held the tiny days-old chick in her hands. The team repeated this process nearly every night, covering nine lakes in Eastern Washington. They were knowledgeable and efficient, with an infectious camaraderie and passion for loon conservation.

Though we wrapped up around 3 a.m., I was energized by this unforgettable experience. It gave me a greater awareness that there is often much happening behind the scenes to preserve the wildlife many of us treasure.

Because of their longevity and place in the food chain, common loons are widely recognized as an indicator species that reflect the health of the aquatic environment, which in turn impacts human health.

Ameritrade founder Joe Ricketts Conservation Foundation made a substantial donation to support loon conservation and relocation of the common loon to former nesting areas where they have been eliminated. Ricketts believes the loons on our lakes and streams are similar to the canary in a mine.

If were polluting our lakes to the point where were killing the loons, its a wake up call to us as human beings that were causing more damage to our environment than we think we are and we cant see it except through a bird like the loon, Ricketts said.

Loons are dependent on our choices for their continued survival. As Maya Angelou once said, When we know better, we do better. As much as I love photographing loons, their survival is more important than any experience I might have or image that I take.

This has translated to changes in how I observe and photograph loons quietly observing loons from a distance to avoid disturbance, backing away if their behavior changes or they show signs of distress. I come back at another time if I see other people are already observing loons on a lake. The purchase of long lenses and cropping has helped to get close-up shots while maintaining a respectful distance.

I advocate for and educate others about loons when there is an opportunity. Weve replaced fishing gear with nonleaded tackle, and make every attempt to remove lines that have become snagged. These small things make a difference.

The loons are returning to Northeast Washington and nesting season is upon us. Understandably so, many people love loons and their unforgettable haunting call. My hope is that in knowing the loons plight, we all do what we can to protect these magnificent birds, so that we can continue to enjoy them for generations to come.

The loons just might have a bigger role in our lives than we think. A win for the loons is a win for us all.

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Looking for loons: Isolated birds widely recognized as indicator species of healthy aquatic environment - Sports and Weather Right Now

Dr. Bonnie Ferrara talks about how Renown Medical Group is offering virtual doctor visits for certain patients. Reno Gazette Journal

The ball has bounced to the patients court

Thats at least according to Renown CEO and President Anthony Slonim,who said the outcome of the coronavirus pandemic means consumers will have more options and choices.

And those options are coming faster than ever before in a medical world that was sometimes been slow to transform to patient needs.

We have been doing it around the edges, said Slonim about the incremental progress the medical community made on population health and consumer-driven healthcare.

Overnight our world has shifted to make us think more deliberately about how we can go about executing it.

Slonim said the expansion of telemedicine happened literallyovernight in Nevada as patients with other illnesses avoided doctors offices and urgent cares for fear of contracting coronavirus.

We are learning that people want convenience in their living rooms.

He saidtelemedicine is the just one of the ways consumers are demanding options.

He said now when a person is sick they can decide if they need to Skype a doctor.

Do they need to have a nurse practitioner visit them at home or do they need to go to an urgent care or the ER?

Slonim said medicine is changing and giving concierge service to everyone.

Slonim also said the problem in medicine had been there hasnt been a quarterback.

Now some of that ownership is back on primary care physicians.

I am telling doctors, 'Dont wait for them to come to you,' he said. You have to manage it.

Dr. Bonnie Ferrara of the Renown Medical Group poses for a portrait while using the Zoom app on her computer on May 20, 2020. This is how Dr. Ferrara would appear to patients during a virtual medical consultation.(Photo: JASON BEAN/RGJ)

He also said health care will need to learn to relinquish some of the control.

We learned that with our Healthy Nevada Project, Slonim said of an initiative pioneered by Renown to genetically test thousands of Nevadans to evaluate the health of the population.

When we made genetic testing free, 50,000 people signed up, he said.

He said the same is true of COVID-19 testing.

Everyone you talk to wants a COVID test, he said. Opening it up to everyone without a doctors prescription puts consumerism more front and center than ever before.

He said it gives families and individuals choices on how to manage their own health.

There are safe and appropriate things you can do without having to go to a doctor, he said. Needing a doctors prescription for tests is old school thinking.

And while the image of coronavirus focused on social distancing and doctors covered head to toe in protective equipment, Slonim said the pandemic has the medical community talking about the human touch.

During a recent medical webinar, Slonim said the conversation was that technology cant be everything.

Remember when it was OK to sit on the bed with a patient and hold their hand, Slonim said a doctor on the call said.They talked about how it became common to view that as invading a patients space.

But Slonim said people still long for that connectivity and caring.

What will evolve is a way to understand how to do that differently with technology enabling it.

3 ways healthcare will change for patients

Siobhan McAndrew tells stories about the people of Northern Nevada and covers education in Washoe County. Read her journalism right here. Consider supporting her work by subscribing to the Reno Gazette Journal.

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Consumer healthcare choices and options to be an outcome of COVID-19 pandemic - Reno Gazette Journal

Ask anyone in North Dakota wildlife circles, and theyd likely be hard-pressed to name an animal that generates a bigger buzz than a mountain lion that makes its presence known.

It depends on a persons passion but mountain lions do even for the nonhunting public garner a lot of interest from people, said Stephanie Tucker, furbearer biologist for the North Dakota Game and Fish Department in Bismarck.

That definitely was the case in late March, when authorities in West Fargo shot and killed a treed mountain lion that was deemed potentially dangerous near a local park. The cat was a long way from the core of North Dakotas mountain lion breeding range in the Badlands and Little Missouri River Breaks.

Theres way more, say, deer hunters in North Dakota that are passionate about deer hunting and follow whats going on with deer, Tucker said. But if youre not a deer hunter, you dont really care about deer and might not be fascinated by them.

Whereas, theres just a lot of people, regardless if theyre hunters or not, that are fascinated by mountain lions.

Stephanie Tucker, furbearer biologist, North Dakota Game and Fish Department. (Photo/ North Dakota Game and Fish Department)

Tucker gave an update on mountain lions in North Dakota during the Game and Fish Departments recent spring advisory board meetings for hunters and anglers held online because of COVID-19 and further discussed the iconic cats this week in a telephone interview.

Bottom line, mountain lions in the core of their western North Dakota range are holding at a level thats low but steady and acceptable both to wildlife managers and landowners, Tucker says.

Were not hearing a lot of concerns from ranchers or deer hunters who dont like to share deer with mountain lions and things like that, she said. I definitely feel, from my perspective, that weve found a very comfortable situation where were between everybodys expectations, and the population is sustaining itself at a healthy level at the same time.

In his book, The Mammals of North Dakota, UND Professor Emeritus of Biology Robert Seabloom writes that mountain lions historically occurred across the Great Plains but never were common.

There were no early records of mountain lions in eastern North Dakota, and cats that historically inhabited North Dakota west of the Missouri River had disappeared by the early 20th century, the book states.

The population likely was so low that mountain lions in North Dakota were undetectable to most people, Tucker says.

They were likely extirpated or close to there, she said. They dont have high reproductive rates. A female only produces a litter every other year, and theres probably only two kittens in each litter so it just takes a while for the population to build itself.

According to The Mammals of North Dakota, mountain lions started gaining a foothold in the western part of the state in the 1950s. By 2005, the Game and Fish Department deemed the population high enough to offer an experimental hunting season.

Game and Fish manages mountain lions by dividing the state into two zones: Zone 1 in the Badlands area encompasses the core breeding range, while Zone 2 in the rest of the state is less suitable for the cats.

North Dakota Game and Fish Department

North Dakotas mountain lion population peaked in 2011 or 2012 at a range somewhere between 100 and 275, based on results from computer modeling, Tucker said. In response, Game and Fish upped the harvest quota for cats in Zone 1 to drive the number down and slow the increase.

Current models suggest a population in the range of 50 to 60 cats.

Once the population came back down, we backed off on our hunting season harvest limits a little bit, and the population has been fairly stable, with minor fluctuations up and down from year to year, since that time, Tucker said.

Hunters shot 14 mountain lions in Zone 1 during the 2019-20 season and three cats in Zone 2. Since the inaugural season in 2005, the statewide harvest has ranged from as low as four to as many as 19 during the 2017-18 season, when a record six cats were taken in Zone 2 outside the core breeding range.

The Fort Berthold Indian Reservation also offers a season but works with Game and Fish in sharing information to manage the species, Tucker says.

North Dakota Game and Fish Department

In an effort to learn more about the high number of cats taken in Zone 2 during the 2017-18 season, Game and Fish contracted with the U.S. Forest Services Rocky Mountain Research Station in Missoula, Mont., to conduct genetic testing on mountain lions killed outside their traditional range, Tucker said.

We really got to wonder, Are these mountain lions that are coming from our breeding population, or are they coming from somewhere else like the South Dakota Black Hills or one of the mountain lion populations in Montana? she said.

Results from that testing showed about 50% of the dispersing cats came from South Dakota, 25% from Montana and the remaining 25% from North Dakota.

The numbers dont account for cats that either pass through the state safely or travel through undetected.

This is just the ones that are taken by hunters or hit by an automobile or something along those lines, she said.

Mountain lions are well known for traveling long distances, Tucker said, especially young males, a trait believed to be natures way of preventing inbreeding within a population.

Mountain lions really have turned up in all corners of the state, she said.

Results from the genetic testing have helped the department build on the knowledge base it gathered on mountain lions during a GPS tracking survey that began in 2011 and wrapped up in 2017.

As part of the survey, a partnership with South Dakota State University, Game and Fish staff and SDSU graduate students trapped and fitted 14 mountain lions with GPS collars, while 22 cats received ear tags.

The collars were programmed to provide tracking information every three to six days, Tucker said. None of the cats collared in the survey permanently dispersed from the Badlands, although a couple of cats did venture off before returning, she said.

A mountain lion in western North Dakota wears a GPS tracking collar as part of a study the Game and Fish Department conducted beginning in 2011 and continuing through 2017. As part of a study with South Dakota State University, 14 mountain lions were fitted with GPS collars and another 22 with ear tags. (Photo/ North Dakota Game and Fish Department)

Results from the GPS collar survey helped the department fine-tune the modeling it uses to determine population trends for mountain lions in the state. Other factors used to determine population trends include the age of cats taken by hunters, who are required to submit the carcasses to Game and Fish, and genetic analysis.

Mountain lions dont lend themselves to a lot of our traditional survey techniques, Tucker said. We cant do a roadside survey and expect to see a mountain lion. We cant get up in an airplane and do an aerial survey and expect to see a mountain lion. Theyre nocturnal, they exist in low densities on the landscape, they have large home ranges and so we really rely on a population model to tell us what the population trends are.

In other words, its not about specific numbers.

I cant stress that enough, Tucker said. People always ask me, How many mountain lions do you think we have in North Dakota? And I say I dont know.

What is known is that mountain lions conceivably can wander through any part of North Dakota at any given time. As a ballpark estimate, Tucker says Game and Fish gets 25 to 30 reports of mountain lion sightings every year in North Dakota, of which maybe one-half to one-third can be verified.

Im always fascinated, too, she said. One of the reasons we know that mountain lions are in eastern North Dakota is because of reports from the public like trail camera photos or somebody snaps a picture of one and it was there and gone.

Tucker encourages the public to report sightings using the departments online furbearer reporting form at https://gf.nd.gov/hunting/furbearers/rare-furbearer-observation.

Dokken reports on outdoors. Call him at (701) 780-1148, (800) 477-6572 ext. 1148 or send email to bdokken@gfherald.com.

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As North Dakota wildlife goes, mountain lions top the list of species that captivate and fascinate - Jamestown Sun

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COVID-19 Impact and Recovery Analysis on Male Breast Cancer Treatment Market investigated in the latest research - WhaTech Technology and Markets News

One of the buzzwords in the hemp space this year is autoflower. But what is it and why would you want to grow it? This episode answers those questions and a whole lot more with a roundtable panel discussion about autoflowering varieties of industrial hemp with Lancaster County farmer Steve Groff, Atlas Seed Co. Breeder Joe Ullman, and Atlas Seed Co. grower Ryan Power.

And heres what we cover:

The differences between autoflower and photoperiod hemp

Is cloning an option

Expected feminization rates

When does the flowering cycle start

Best time to plant

Recommended spacing

Transplanting vs. direct seeding

Optimal feeding plan

Harvesting

Expected yields

Cannabinoid percentages and more.

For more information, check out Atlas Seed (https://atlasseed.com/) and Hemp Innovators (https://www.hempinnovators.com/)

Autoflower FAQ, provided by Atlas Seed Co.

What is the difference between autoflowering genetics and normal clone or full term varieties?

In short, autoflowering varieties, otherwise known as day neutral genetics or Cannabis ruderalis, begin their flowering phase automatically, regardless of changes in light cycles; normal, full term, clonally propagated Cannabis sativa and Cannabis indica varieties flip to their flowering phase when they exposed to 12 hours of darkness.

Can you take cuttings (clones) of autoflowering varieties?

No, autoflowering cannabis does not allow for cuttings to be taken and therefore must be started from seed and be pollinated to further genetic lines.

What can I expect in terms of the feminization rate of Atlas Seed genetics?

The seeds we offer will show between 1 and 1500 to 1 and 2500 male to female ratio in their respective population. That means between 99.93% and 99.96% will female. We also offer lab test certified feminized seed on key lots to verify the quality of our feminization process.

When can I expect my auto plants to begin their flowering cycle?

Roughly speaking (again growing climate and genetically dependant), autoflowering plants finish their vegetative cycle between weeks 3-5, will continue to stack flowering sites between weeks 3-8, and will see their flowering sites bulk up, densify, and finish in weeks 8-12. For those used to full term and yet unaccustomed to autoflowering cannabis, remain calm until the end of the cycle and watch in marvel as plants continue to increase their flowering yield and cannabinoid content up until the day of harvest!

When is the best time to plant autoflowering varieties?

This is highly dependent on your local climatic conditions, but the rule of thumb is that autos prefer long, dry, sunny days. If you are going for one solid, high yielding harvest then planting as soon as summer soil temperatures stabilize is the way to go. If you are planning on 2 harvests, we generally recommend trying to squeeze in a second late one as opposed to an early harvest, as autoflowering genetics are native to Siberia and will finish more reliably in the cold than they will begin in it.

What is the most common plant spacing for autoflowering varieties?

For hemp we are recommending between 8-12k per acre (more or less 1 plant every 4 square feet), and for cannabis we are recommending between 17,500-20k acre (or about 1 every 2 square feet). For example, 1 row on a 30 bed with 12 in-row spacings will come out to roughly 17,424 plants per acre.

Can you transplant autoflowering varieties?

Absolutely, but there is a method that must be applied to ensure yields are not affected. The most common blunder is for farmers to let seedlings go until they are rootbound which is the easiest way to shock ones plants and greatly reduce their overall yield. The best results we have seen is when plants are transplanted between 7-12 days after sowing. The trick here is to use a cell tray that makes it easy to remove small plants without damaging them. Weve seen the best results with Growcoons, but there are certainly other options as well (ellepots, ihort, etc).

Can you direct seed autoflowering varieties?

Yes, but again this must be done with proper parameters in place, i.e., seasonal timing, soil type, equipment, and so on. As of yet we have not seen any yield differences between transplanted plants and direct seeded, but we are in the process of collecting massive amounts of data on this. Also, if one plans to do this and they are a beginner, than you will likely need 2-3x the seed to see the emergence you want.

What is the most optimal feeding plan you recommend for autoflowering plants?

We recommend that seasoned full term cannabis growers continue to follow their intuition and hard won skill sets, with one key difference: Normally when full term plants initiate their flowering stage, one switches immediately from vegetative, nitrogen rich fertilizer, to flowering, phosphorous rich bloom formulas. With autos, it is important to continue using vegetative, nitrogen rich recipes until week 6-7, well after they have begun their flowering phase. This is done in order to maximize the canopy as the plants continue to grow vertically and horizontally even as they are putting on flowering sites and bulking up.

After week 6-7, transition to bloom recipes to maximize flower yield and cannabinoid potential. They will put in the majority of their weight in the final 3-4 weeks. As a general rule of thumb, remember that the entire vegetative and flowering cycles of the plant are happening in a 70-80 day period. Some slow release nutrients growers may customarily use may not be appropriate for autos.

If I plant autoflowering plants right next to my full term plants, will it cause my full terms to initiate early flowering?

No, no, and decidedly no. We have heard anecdotal hearsay on this issue but based on experience and understanding the difference in the flowering mechanisms between these genetic lines (ruderalis vs. indica / sativa), we do not believe this is possible.

How long does it normally take before autoflowering plants can be harvested?

Classic autoflowering plants (as opposed to super autos which take closer to 120 days) can be harvested between 65-90 days depending on the variety and time of year. During peak summer months when the light intensity is higher, autoflowering crops finish faster. During early spring or late fall and especially in a winter greenhouse run, autoflowering plants will take 10-20 days longer to come to full maturity.

What can I expect in terms of biomass yield for each plant?

Between 2-4 ounces, depending on all of the aforementioned factors, i.e., grower skill, genetics, soil health, etc..

What kind of per acre yield can I expect?

This will differ greatly between hemp and cannabis and most markedly depends on your planting densities. For cannabis between 2-5k lbs is common. For hemp between 1-3k lbs. Is common.

How much of my crop can I use as finished, trimmable flower?

This is most probably most dependent on genetics, but anywhere between 25%-100%. Some plants will present uniformly sized buds that are all trimmable throughout the plant, and others will present a variety of different sized buds, some of which will be more appropriately allotted to smalls or else sent off for extraction. Again, your breeder should be able to answer this question based on experience.

What can I expect in terms of total cannabinoid content from autos?

This is potentially the most grower skill dependent variable of all, but most of the best auto cannabis genetics around today are at or exceeding 20% THC, which is miraculous if one considers they are taking half as long to bring to harvest. The auto hemp game is vastly different as state by state standards for hot hemp differ greatly, however the best varieties of compliant auto hemp as a population are hitting around 30:1 CBD to THC ratios while remaining compliant. Experienced breeders will know their varieties well enough to be able to recommend optimal harvest times to remain in compliance.

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What is Autoflowering Hemp and How to Grow It - Lancaster Farming

Each week, HealthDay's Physician's Briefing division rounds up the most important COVID-19 developments in the medical field. See this week's edition below for May 25-May 29.

VA Slashes Use of Hydroxychloroquine to Treat COVID-19 Patients

FRIDAY, May 29, 2020 (HealthDay News) -- The VA health system has stopped nearly all use of hydroxychloroquine to treat COVID-19 patients, Veterans Affairs Secretary Robert Wilkie said at a House hearing on Thursday.

Read Full Article

Deferment of Elective Surgeries Due to COVID-19 Will Have Lasting Impact

FRIDAY, May 29, 2020 (HealthDay News) -- At two years after the end of the elective orthopedic surgery deferment related to the COVID-19 pandemic, there will be a cumulative backlog of more than 1 million surgical cases in an optimistic scenario, according to a study published online May 12 in The Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery.

Read Full Article

Remdesivir Use Growing Globally in COVID-19 Patients

FRIDAY, May 29, 2020 (HealthDay News) -- Worldwide more physicians are using remdesivir to treat COVID-19 patients, according to a survey released May 21 by Sermo, a global health care polling company and social platform for physicians.

Read Full Article

Five-Day Course of Remdesivir Beneficial in Severe COVID-19

FRIDAY, May 29, 2020 (HealthDay News) -- There seems to be no significant difference between a five- and 10-day course of remdesivir for patients with severe COVID-19 not requiring mechanical ventilation, according to a study published online May 27 in the New England Journal of Medicine.

Read Full Article

Burden of Severe COVID-19 High in California, Washington State

FRIDAY, May 29, 2020 (HealthDay News) -- For residents of California and Washington with COVID-19, the length of hospital stay and intensive care unit admission are high, according to a study published online May 22 in The BMJ.

Read Full Article

Positive RT-PCR Findings Seen After COVID-19 Discharge

FRIDAY, May 29, 2020 (HealthDay News) -- Some patients with COVID-19 have positive reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction results after discharge, according to a research letter published online May 28 in JAMA Network Open.

Read Full Article

CDC: Coronavirus Antibody Tests Still Not Accurate Enough

THURSDAY, May 28, 2020 (HealthDay News) -- Coronavirus antibody test results may not be accurate enough to help guide decisions about whether to allow large groups of people to gather at work, schools, dormitories, correctional facilities, and other locations, the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention said Wednesday.

Read Full Article

Parents Facing Higher Levels of Stress During Pandemic

THURSDAY, May 28, 2020 (HealthDay News) -- Individuals, particularly parents, are coping with extreme stress related to the COVID-19 pandemic, according to the results of a survey released May 21 by the American Psychological Association.

Read Full Article

CV Toxicity Tied to Azithromycin and/or Hydroxychloroquine

THURSDAY, May 28, 2020 (HealthDay News) -- Hydroxychloroquine and azithromycin may have a serious adverse impact on the cardiovascular system, according to a research letter published online May 22 in Circulation.

Read Full Article

Improving Glycemic Control May Also Aid COVID-19 Outcomes

THURSDAY, May 28, 2020 (HealthDay News) -- Insulin infusion helps achieve glycemic targets and may reduce the risk for poor outcomes in patients with hyperglycemia and COVID-19, according to a study published online May 19 in Diabetes Care.

Read Full Article

Parents Struggling to Provide for Families During Pandemic

WEDNESDAY, May 27, 2020 (HealthDay News) -- The COVID-19 pandemic poses risks to children's health, well-being, and development as parents struggle to provide for their families, according to a survey released by the Urban Institute.

Read Full Article

U.K. Patients Hospitalized With COVID-19 Are More Often Male

WEDNESDAY, May 27, 2020 (HealthDay News) -- Patients hospitalized with COVID-19 are more often male and frequently have comorbidities, according to a study published online May 22 in the The BMJ.

Read Full Article

Neuroimaging Features of COVID-19 Are Variable

WEDNESDAY, May 27, 2020 (HealthDay News) -- Neuroimaging features of COVID-19 are variable among patients with acute neurological symptoms but are dominated by acute ischemic infarcts, according to a research letter published online May 21 in Radiology.

Read Full Article

African-Americans More Likely to Be Hospitalized With COVID-19

WEDNESDAY, May 27, 2020 (HealthDay News) -- African-American patients have an increased likelihood of hospitalization for COVID-19, according to a report published online May 21 in Health Affairs.

Read Full Article

WHO Suspends Testing of Hydroxychloroquine in COVID-19 Patients

TUESDAY, May 26, 2020 (HealthDay News) -- The World Health Organization has suspended use of the antimalarial drug hydroxychloroquine in a clinical trial of treatments of COVID-19 after a study revealed that patients taking the drug are at increased risk for death and serious heart problems.

Read Full Article

Remdesivir Beats Placebo for Time to COVID-19 Recovery

TUESDAY, May 26, 2020 (HealthDay News) -- For adults hospitalized with COVID-19 with lower respiratory tract infection, time to recovery is shorter with remdesivir than placebo, according to a study published online May 22 in the New England Journal of Medicine.

Read Full Article

Hydroxychloroquine Plus Macrolides No Benefit in COVID-19

TUESDAY, May 26, 2020 (HealthDay News) -- For patients with COVID-19 requiring hospitalization, there is no evidence of benefit for use of hydroxychloroquine or chloroquine with or without a macrolide, according to a study published online May 22 in The Lancet.

Read Full Article

Adenovirus Type-5 Vectored COVID-19 Vaccine Shows Promise

TUESDAY, May 26, 2020 (HealthDay News) -- A recombinant adenovirus type-5 vectored COVID-19 vaccine is safe, tolerable, and immunogenic, according to a study published online May 22 in The Lancet.

Read Full Article

Placental Injury Seen in Pregnant Women With SARS-CoV-2

TUESDAY, May 26, 2020 (HealthDay News) -- Higher rates of decidual arteriopathy and other maternal vascular malperfusion features are seen in placentas of women with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2, according to a study published online May 22 in the American Journal of Clinical Pathology.

Read Full Article

Right Ventricular Dilation Linked to Mortality in COVID-19

TUESDAY, May 26, 2020 (HealthDay News) -- Right ventricular dilation is associated with in-hospital mortality among patients hospitalized with COVID-19, according to a study published online May 15 in JACC: Cardiovascular Imaging.

Read Full Article

Original post:
HealthDay Reports: Lockdown Got You Down? Experts Offer Tips to De-Stress - HealthDay Coronavirus Liveblog

Research And Development Institutes

In addition, the report categorizes product type and end uses as dynamic market segments that directly impact the growth potential and roadmap of the target market. The report highlights the core developments that are common to all regional hubs and their subsequent impact on the holistic growth path of the CRISPR And CRISPR-Associated (Cas) Genes market worldwide. Other valuable aspects of the report are the market development history, various marketing channels, supplier analysis, potential buyers and the analysis of the markets industrial chain.

Ask For Discounts @ https://www.marketresearchintellect.com/ask-for-discount/?rid=207429&utm_source=WCS&utm_medium=888

Table of Content

1 Introduction of CRISPR And CRISPR-Associated (Cas) Genes Market

1.1 Overview of the Market1.2 Scope of Report1.3 Assumptions

2 Executive Summary

3 Research Methodology of Verified Market Research

3.1 Data Mining3.2 Validation3.3 Primary Interviews3.4 List of Data Sources

4 CRISPR And CRISPR-Associated (Cas) Genes Market Outlook

4.1 Overview4.2 Market Dynamics4.2.1 Drivers4.2.2 Restraints4.2.3 Opportunities4.3 Porters Five Force Model4.4 Value Chain Analysis

5 CRISPR And CRISPR-Associated (Cas) Genes Market, By Deployment Model

5.1 Overview

6 CRISPR And CRISPR-Associated (Cas) Genes Market, By Solution

6.1 Overview

7 CRISPR And CRISPR-Associated (Cas) Genes Market, By Vertical

7.1 Overview

8 CRISPR And CRISPR-Associated (Cas) Genes Market, By Geography

8.1 Overview8.2 North America8.2.1 U.S.8.2.2 Canada8.2.3 Mexico8.3 Europe8.3.1 Germany8.3.2 U.K.8.3.3 France8.3.4 Rest of Europe8.4 Asia Pacific8.4.1 China8.4.2 Japan8.4.3 India8.4.4 Rest of Asia Pacific8.5 Rest of the World8.5.1 Latin America8.5.2 Middle East

9 CRISPR And CRISPR-Associated (Cas) Genes Market Competitive Landscape

9.1 Overview9.2 Company Market Ranking9.3 Key Development Strategies

10 Company Profiles

10.1.1 Overview10.1.2 Financial Performance10.1.3 Product Outlook10.1.4 Key Developments

11 Appendix

11.1 Related Research

Customized Research Report Using Corporate Email Id @ https://www.marketresearchintellect.com/need-customization/?rid=207429&utm_source=WCS&utm_medium=888

About Us:

Market Research Intellect provides syndicated and customized research reports to clients from various industries and organizations with the aim of delivering functional expertise. We provide reports for all industries including Energy, Technology, Manufacturing and Construction, Chemicals and Materials, Food and Beverage and more. These reports deliver an in-depth study of the market with industry analysis, market value for regions and countries and trends that are pertinent to the industry.

Contact Us:

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Market Research Intellect

New Jersey ( USA )

Tel: +1-650-781-4080

Tags: CRISPR And CRISPR-Associated (Cas) Genes Market Size, CRISPR And CRISPR-Associated (Cas) Genes Market Trends, CRISPR And CRISPR-Associated (Cas) Genes Market Growth, CRISPR And CRISPR-Associated (Cas) Genes Market Forecast, CRISPR And CRISPR-Associated (Cas) Genes Market Analysis Sarkari result, Government Jobs, Sarkari naukri, NMK, Majhi Naukri,

Excerpt from:
CRISPR And CRISPR-Associated (Cas) Genes Market Research Report 2020: Key Players, Applications, Drivers, Trends and Forecast to 2026 - WaterCloud...

Research and Development Institutes

In addition, the report categorizes product type and end uses as dynamic market segments that directly impact the growth potential and roadmap of the target market. The report highlights the core developments that are common to all regional hubs and their subsequent impact on the holistic growth path of the CRISPR And CRISPR-Associated (Cas) Genes Sales market worldwide. Other valuable aspects of the report are the market development history, various marketing channels, supplier analysis, potential buyers and the analysis of the markets industrial chain.

Ask For Discounts @ https://www.marketresearchintellect.com/ask-for-discount/?rid=240156&utm_source=WCS&utm_medium=888

Table of Content

1 Introduction of CRISPR And CRISPR-Associated (Cas) Genes Sales Market

1.1 Overview of the Market1.2 Scope of Report1.3 Assumptions

2 Executive Summary

3 Research Methodology of Verified Market Research

3.1 Data Mining3.2 Validation3.3 Primary Interviews3.4 List of Data Sources

4 CRISPR And CRISPR-Associated (Cas) Genes Sales Market Outlook

4.1 Overview4.2 Market Dynamics4.2.1 Drivers4.2.2 Restraints4.2.3 Opportunities4.3 Porters Five Force Model4.4 Value Chain Analysis

5 CRISPR And CRISPR-Associated (Cas) Genes Sales Market, By Deployment Model

5.1 Overview

6 CRISPR And CRISPR-Associated (Cas) Genes Sales Market, By Solution

6.1 Overview

7 CRISPR And CRISPR-Associated (Cas) Genes Sales Market, By Vertical

7.1 Overview

8 CRISPR And CRISPR-Associated (Cas) Genes Sales Market, By Geography

8.1 Overview8.2 North America8.2.1 U.S.8.2.2 Canada8.2.3 Mexico8.3 Europe8.3.1 Germany8.3.2 U.K.8.3.3 France8.3.4 Rest of Europe8.4 Asia Pacific8.4.1 China8.4.2 Japan8.4.3 India8.4.4 Rest of Asia Pacific8.5 Rest of the World8.5.1 Latin America8.5.2 Middle East

9 CRISPR And CRISPR-Associated (Cas) Genes Sales Market Competitive Landscape

9.1 Overview9.2 Company Market Ranking9.3 Key Development Strategies

10 Company Profiles

10.1.1 Overview10.1.2 Financial Performance10.1.3 Product Outlook10.1.4 Key Developments

11 Appendix

11.1 Related Research

Customized Research Report Using Corporate Email Id @ https://www.marketresearchintellect.com/need-customization/?rid=240156&utm_source=WCS&utm_medium=888

About Us:

Market Research Intellect provides syndicated and customized research reports to clients from various industries and organizations with the aim of delivering functional expertise. We provide reports for all industries including Energy, Technology, Manufacturing and Construction, Chemicals and Materials, Food and Beverage and more. These reports deliver an in-depth study of the market with industry analysis, market value for regions and countries and trends that are pertinent to the industry.

Contact Us:

Mr. Steven Fernandes

Market Research Intellect

New Jersey ( USA )

Tel: +1-650-781-4080

Tags: CRISPR And CRISPR-Associated (Cas) Genes Sales Market Size, CRISPR And CRISPR-Associated (Cas) Genes Sales Market Trends, CRISPR And CRISPR-Associated (Cas) Genes Sales Market Growth, CRISPR And CRISPR-Associated (Cas) Genes Sales Market Forecast, CRISPR And CRISPR-Associated (Cas) Genes Sales Market Analysis Sarkari result, Government Jobs, Sarkari naukri, NMK, Majhi Naukri,

Originally posted here:
CRISPR And CRISPR-Associated (Cas) Genes Sales Market Research Report 2020: Key Players, Applications, Drivers, Trends and Forecast to 2026 -...

Much has changed about testing for current COVID-19 infection and antibody testing for past exposure. Heres an updated guide on what you need to know:

What we have now: The most widespread tests to diagnose current COVID-19 infection are the polymerase chain reaction or PCR tests that involve swabbing a persons nasal passages and looking for the coronavirus genetic material.

Results come as quickly as less than 15 minutes with the rapid test, about which false results have been an issue, or within a couple of days if sent to a lab.

Whats coming: More tests are on the way. Scientists at Sherlock Biosciences in Cambridge, Massachussetts, are using gene-editing technology known as CRISPR to develop another type of rapid test that could be produced for as little as $6 per test.

And a new saliva test developed at Rutgers University holds great promise because it would be easy to administer even at home.

Anybody can spit, says Dr. Robert Murphy, executive director of the Institute for Global Health at Northwestern Universitys Feinberg School of Medicine, who is helping a national effort to develop point-of-care technologies. Saliva will open the door for mass testing.

What about antigen tests: Think rapid-strep tests. These still involve a swab like the PCR tests, but give quicker results and are cheaper and simpler to manufacture.

Antigen tests target substances given off by a virus that trigger antibodies in an infected person.

These drew widespread attention recently when Quidel Corp. of San Diego got federal approval for its rapid COVID-19 antigen test. But dont expect to be able to get one yet. Quidel has said its aiming to produce 1.8 million of the tests a week by this summer.

The antigen tests will be relatively easy to manufacture and use. But they produce a higher number of false-negative results.

Still, they could be useful if combined with PCR tests or used in a testing program in which people say, at a nursing home or factory get retested often.

How they work: We now know these as antibody tests. They involve a blood test yes, stick out your arm, and make a fist but a briefer one than you might be used to.

They test a small amount of blood for the presence of antibodies produced by the bodys immune system.

With COVID-19, these antibodies usually appear 14 to 21 days after infection. So these tests are done after the fact, as confirmation.

What they might reveal: Beyond that, theres hope that having the antibodies might protect against future infections.

One problem: Many of the antibody tests that were rushed out, with no vetting by the government, in response to the pandemic arent very accurate.

Also, scientists dont know how long antibodies stay in a recovered persons system or how well they might protect us. Antibodies to the onetime scourge of measles, for instance, protect a person forever. But antibodies to the common cold or influenza not so much because of the wide range of cold and flu viruses and those viruses ability to rapidly mutate.

Still, scientists are eager to launch widespread antibody testing to get a big-picture look at where the virus has hit within geographic areas and among certain populations.

For weeks, Chicago and the state of Illinois faced a shortage of test kits and swabs.

Now, weve reached the point where anyone who feels ill can and should be tested for COVID-19, says Dr. Emily Landon, executive medical director for infection prevention and control at University of Chicago Medicine: Were currently at a place where anyone who has symptoms can be tested.

The same is true if you suspect that youve been exposed, symptoms or not, Landon says.

Though some places are charging for these, many hospitals and clinics are offering no-fee tests.

For guidance, call your doctor or go online to Chicago.gov or Coronavirus.illinois.gov.

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Coronavirus testing: an updated guide on COVID-19 PCR, antibody, saliva and antigen tests - Chicago Sun-Times

CAMBRIDGE, Mass. & MONTREAL--(BUSINESS WIRE)--Repare Therapeutics Inc. (Repare), a precision oncology company pioneering synthetic lethality to develop novel therapeutics that target specific vulnerabilities of tumors in genetically defined patient populations, today announced it has entered into an exclusive, worldwide research collaboration with Bristol Myers Squibb (BMS) (NYSE:BMY).

This collaboration will help to ensure that our novel discoveries are being broadly prosecuted in the search for the next generation of precision oncology medicines, said Lloyd M. Segal, President and Chief Executive Officer of Repare Therapeutics. Bristol Myers Squibb brings key strategic capabilities to this partnership and the resources to maximize our platforms potential while allowing us to independently focus on our proprietary clinical and near-clinical programs.

We look forward to collaborating with Repare and to applying their SNIPRx technology to enable the identification of novel precision oncology therapeutics, said Rupert Vessey, M.A., B.M., B.Ch., F.R.C.P., D.Phil., Executive Vice President, Research & Early Development, Bristol Myers Squibb. Repares distinctive team and technology have the potential to lead to the discovery of important targeted drug candidates that can result in new precision therapies for patients.

Under the terms of the agreement, the companies will leverage Repares proprietary, CRISPR-enabled genome-wide synthetic lethal target discovery platform, SNIPRx, to jointly identify multiple synthetic lethal precision oncology targets for drug candidates. Repare will grant BMS exclusive worldwide rights to develop and commercialize therapeutics for select validated synthetic lethal precision oncology targets discovered under the collaboration.

As part of the agreement, BMS will make an upfront payment of $65 million which includes a $15 million equity investment in Repare. Repare will be eligible to receive up to approximately $3 billion in license fees, discovery, development, regulatory and sales-based milestones, in addition to royalty payments on net sales of each product commercialized by BMS.

About Repares SNIPRx Platform

Repare Therapeutics SNIPRx platform is a genome-wide CRISPR-based screening approach that utilizes proprietary isogenic cell lines to identify novel and known synthetic lethal gene pairs and the corresponding patients who are most likely to benefit from the Companys therapies based on the genetic profile of their tumors. Repares platform enables the development of precision therapeutics in patients whose tumors contain one or more genomic alterations identified by SNIPRx screening, in order to selectively target those patients most likely to achieve clinical benefit from resulting product candidates.

About Repare Therapeutics, Inc.

Repare Therapeutics is a leading precision oncology company enabled by its proprietary synthetic lethality approach to the discovery and development of novel therapeutics. The Company utilizes its genome-wide, CRISPR-enabled SNIPRx platform to systematically discover and develop highly targeted cancer therapies focused on genomic instability, including DNA damage repair. The Companys pipeline includes its lead product candidate RP-3500, a potential leading ATR inhibitor, as well as CCNE1-SL inhibitor and Pol inhibitor programs. For more information, please visit http://www.reparerx.com.

SNIPRx is a registered trademark of Repare Therapeutics Inc.

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Repare Therapeutics Announces Multi-Target Discovery Collaboration with Bristol Myers Squibb - Business Wire

I went in to premature menopause in 2008 and I was 38 years old at that time. My OB/GYN put me on HRT but after one year and a half, I started having palpitations and dizziness. After so medical tests, my doctors decided not to give me their HRT any longer. My OB/GYN strongly suggested to me not to take any oral hormones and I follow that recommendation for 8 years until I realized that my marriage was suffering because my libido was inexistent and having intercourse was extremely painful. That was not a good combination and I decided to start looking for getting help. I had other symptoms but after 8 years in menopause, those were manageable. So, I did some research and found Dr. Matos. Now, after two pellet therapies and a 4-week booster, I feel like a teenager. Sounds funny but it is true. Dryness is gone for good and my libido is back. I am sleeping at least 7 hours every day, I am gaining more energy, and my memory is getting stronger. Last week, I got my second pellet therapy and I have never been so excited to go to a doctors appointment in my entire live.This treatment works perfectly fine and I am encouraging my husband to give it a try.Thank you, Dr. Matos.

See the article here:
Advanced Hormone Solutions - HORMONE THERAPY

TUCSON For 17-year-old Fran Howard, receiving medical care has not always been easy. Howard identifies as nonbinary gender queer and uses they/them pronouns.

Years ago, Howard began seeking treatment to help transition but found it difficult to find a doctor who respected the decision and Howards medical needs.

I felt like I had to prove my identity, Howard said. Just being in a trans body and existing in the world is already so difficult, and going to the doctor is just this whole super invasive experience.

Legislation cropping up in statehouses across the U.S. could make that experience even more difficult.

In at least a dozen states, including South Dakota, Florida and Ohio, bills were introduced this year to make it harder for transgender minors to get medical treatment such as puberty blockers and other hormone therapies.

Some bills proposed criminalizing doctors who provide such treatment. Floridas measure carried a maximum penalty of up to 15 years in prison. Missouri physicians faced having their medical licenses revoked, and parents of children receiving treatment in that state would be reported to social services for child abuse.

Advocates for trans teens assert the proposals, though theyve not become law, are part of a larger push to discriminate against transgender people. They point to other bills including one passed by the Arizona House that would ban transgender athletes in girls sports. In Arizona, that measure stalled in the Senate.

The 2020 state legislative season has seen unprecedented attacks on LGBTQ people, and an alarming focus on bills that would harm trans youth, Rose Saxe, deputy director of the American Civil Liberties Union LGBT & HIV Project, wrote on the organizations website.

These efforts are part of an orchestrated national campaign led by groups like Heritage Foundation, Alliance Defending Freedom to demonize trans youth and drive a wedge among supporters of LGBTQ equality, Saxe continued. We cant let them succeed.

Ryan Anderson, a senior research fellow at the Heritage Foundation, disputed that.

He said the measures around medical treatment are meant to protect youth from making decisions they may later regret. He called treatments such as hormone therapy and puberty blockers experimental and unethical.

Its entirely appropriate for the government to say that physicians cant perform those procedures to protect children from the abuse of medicine, the misuse of medicine, he said.

In an email, Matt Sharp, senior counsel for the Alliance Defending Freedom, said: While approaches may differ, we should all agree that there is nothing natural or healthy about pumping kids full of puberty blockers and cross-sex hormones.

Children should not be pushed to receive experimental treatments that can leave them permanently sterile and physically marred for life.

Fran Howard, with the support of their mother, sought medical treatment at age 13 after questioning their gender identity. They found help at El Rio Health. After consultations, treatment started with puberty suppression and has progressed to testosterone.

Before transitioning, my mental health was in a really terrible place. Nobody saw me as who I was. I didnt see myself as who I was, Howard said.

Being able to transition has saved my life, and the fact that that is being challenged for other people is very frightening, because many people will not be able to survive.

Howards mother, Tina, said she raised her children in a gender-fluid home, avoiding assigning specific gender roles.

This is really about building a safe environment for trans individuals and their family, she said.

Pediatricians Andrew Cronyn and Tracey Kurtzman started the El Rio clinics transgender department five years ago, and theyve treated about 250 patients since.

Cronyn initially had planned to launch a program for the children of lesbian, gay and bisexual parents. But after posting a note on Facebook, he heard about a different need: appropriate primary care for transgender kids whose pediatricians wouldnt call them by their preferred names or pronouns or tried to convince them their gender assignment at birth was appropriate.

The kids we see will usually have been talking to their parents about gender at home for six months to a year before they even consider talking to a doctor about it, he said.

Cronyn works with patients parents to educate them about gender dysphoria, a condition in which people feel a conflict between the gender assigned them at birth and the gender they identify with.

For those beginning puberty, treatment may include drugs that inhibit or delay puberty. For older teens who have been persistent, consistent and insistent about their gender identity, Cronyn said, hormone therapy may be prescribed.

According to the Mayo Clinic, puberty blockers do not cause permanent changes in an adolescents body, and puberty can resume if the treatment is stopped.

A lot of people worry youre blocking it and youve changed their life completely, Cronyn said. And the truth is we havent. If they say, This isnt the right road for me, then we can stop the medicine and their puberty starts right where it was before.

Cronyn and other experts said they worry about efforts to try to restrict such care and the potential effects on the emotional health of transgender children.

Research published last year by the American Academy of Pediatrics found that transgender youth are more likely to consider suicide than other teens. The study found 34% of transgender adolescents reported experiencing suicidal ideation in the past year, while 61% reported having suicidal thoughts over their lifetime.

Alex Keuroghlian is an associate professor of psychiatry at Harvard Medical School, director of the Massachusetts General Hospital Psychiatry Gender Identity Program and also directs the National LGBT Health Education Center, a federally funded effort to improve health care for LGBTQ people. He co-authored a study published earlier this year in the journal Pediatrics showing a decrease in suicidal ideation among trans youth who had access to puberty blockers.

What we tell families is that in order to have a child who is healthy and happy and thrives, you need to affirm them in their gender identity, and these medical therapies help with that, Keuroghlian said. Its not a decision thats made thoughtlessly by patients families or their medical providers.

Research has found that among those who do seek to transition, a minority later change their minds. A 2015 survey of 28,000 people conducted by the National Center for Transgender Equality found 8% of respondents reported reversing their gender transition, and 62% of those who detransitioned did so only temporarily.

Fran Howard said such treatments changed their life.

I personally cant imagine that without the support of my family, and without medical intervention, that I would still be here today and that is true for a lot of kids, Howard said. For a trans person, this isnt the same as dyeing your hair color. Its being yourself. And to be denied that, it completely takes away somebodys human rights. People will die.

Read more:
Bills seek to limit puberty blockers, other treatment for transgender youth - KTAR.com

From sleepless nights to a weakened immune system or overeating, you're probably familiar with the more common symptoms of stress. But stress can also trigger less well-known side effects (both mental and physical) that you might not expect.

Suddenly constipated? Stress might be the bane of your bowels.

Image Credit: gpointstudio/iStock/GettyImages

Here, Rosalind S. Dorlen, PsyD, a New Jersey-based, board-certified clinical psychologist and member of the psychiatry department at the Overlook Medical Center, shares some of the more surprising ways that stress may manifest in your body.

If you're feeling foggy or having a tough time focusing, stress may be the culprit, Dorlen says.

Indeed, stress and anxiety can hinder your attention and your ability to retrieve memories (or even make new ones), according to Harvard Health Publishing.

In fact, a November 2018 study in Neurology demonstrated that adults with higher levels of cortisol (the "stress hormone") exhibited impaired memory and lower brain volumes.

"Skin reactions like hives, viral exanthem (an eruptive skin rash), acne and cold sores seem to be an unfortunate example of collateral damage people experience under periods of extreme stress," Dorlen says.

Here's why: "Stress causes our bodies to make hormones like cortisol and epinephrine, which activate skin glands to produce oiliness, which can be a factor in acne and other skin-related conditions," she says.

What's more, during stressful times, we tend to neglect our usual self-care regimens (think: reduced sleep, skipping your face wash routine at bedtime, etc.) which can create or exacerbate existing skin vulnerabilities, Dorlen explains.

Lost your libido? "Heightened or chronic stress can interfere with our body's hormone levels, producing greater amounts of cortisol and epinephrine, and the effect can reduce sexual interest or desire," Dorlen says.

Think about it: If your body is in a constant reactive state of flight-or-fight, fear or paralysis due to stress, these conditions aren't exactly conducive to sexy time.

Indeed, an October 2013 study in the Journal of Sexual Medicine discovered that high levels of chronic stress were correlated with less sexual arousal in women. The researchers concluded that psychological distraction and increased cortisol played a major role.

And the physical effects of stress can be negative for men, too. According to Dorlen, "the long-term effects of stress can narrow and restrict blood flow, which is one of a number of factors associated with erectile dysfunction."

Conversely, it's much easier to get in the mood when you're feeling loose and relaxed. "That may be why so many couples enjoy expanded sexual interest and participation when on vacation," Dorlen says.

Have you suddenly noticed tension in your neck, back or shoulders? Stress may be the culprit.

Our bodies deal with stress by going into fight-or-flight mode, Dorlen explains, which means releasing hormones that ready our muscles to respond to whatever is threatening us. This can be helpful in the short term (think: running from a bear), but can cause issues if we're consistently under stress.

"Muscles tense up to protect themselves from injury during stressful conditions, so they may not get a chance to relax if the stress is continual," Dorlen says.

And to make matters worse, stress and anxiety can intensify your perception of muscular pain and decrease your ability to cope with it, according to the North American Spine Society.

Feeling on edge? Irritability is a common symptom of chronic and prolonged stress, Dorlen says. This may have something to do with your body's chemical reaction to stress.

When your body releases chemicals in response to a perceived threat, your heart and breathing skyrocket to help you spring into action. This may have helped you flee a hungry predator back in the day, but today it might just leave you feeling tense, moody and even angry.

A January 2015 study in the American Heart Journal found that high levels of anger appeared to be linked to mental distress and an increased cardiovascular risk, while another November 2015 paper in The Journals of Gerontology: Series B discovered an association between anger and stressors in caregivers.

Anyone who's ever experienced a "nervous stomach" knows that stress can go straight to your gut.

Chronic stress can cause a whole range of GI complications, including stomachaches, constipation and diarrhea, according to Dorlen.

That's because your gut and central nervous system are in constant communication, per John Hopkins Medicine. In fact, they're so intimately connected that your gut is often referred to as your "second brain."

From spilling coffee on your shirt to losing your keys and sitting in gridlock, everyday annoyances can be a headache literally.

It goes back to that fight-or-flight response. When your body enters this state and produces hormones like adrenaline and cortisol, it causes vascular changes that prep your muscles to deal with the danger. But this chain of events can also give you a migraine or headache, according to the Cleveland Clinic.

What's more, during periods of high stress, many people experience tightness in their neck, jaw and shoulders dubbed the "tension triangle" which only worsens tension headaches, per the Cleveland Clinic.

Roll out the yoga mat to help bust your stress.

Image Credit: shironosov/iStock/GettyImages

Though it's impossible to completely eliminate stress from your life, you can learn to better manage daily stressors and, in doing so, improve your overall wellbeing.

Here are some ways to help you cope:

Breathing exercises (like the 4-7-8 method) can calm your body's fight-or-flight instincts and elicit a relaxation response, according to Harvard Health Publishing.

Practicing meditation, which includes deep belly breathing, can help you let go of negative emotions that may be causing you mental and physical stress, per the American Psychological Association.

Getting your body moving with regular exercise and gentle movements like yoga, tai chi and stretching exercises can be good for reducing muscle tension and beneficial for busting stress, according to the Mayo Clinic.

Spending a few minutes each day practicing gratitude (think: writing down something you're grateful for) can help you feel happier, more positive and less stressed, per Harvard Health Publishing.

Link:
7 Surprising Warning Signs of Stress and How to Cope - LIVESTRONG.COM

Latest Trending Report onPre-Menstrual Syndrome Market

The report titled Global Pre-Menstrual Syndrome Market is one of the most comprehensive and important additions to Alexareports archive of market research studies. It offers detailed research and analysis of key aspects of the global Pre-Menstrual Syndrome market. The market analysts authoring this report have provided in-depth information on leading growth drivers, restraints, challenges, trends, and opportunities to offer a complete analysis of the global Pre-Menstrual Syndrome market. Market participants can use the analysis on market dynamics to plan effective growth strategies and prepare for future challenges beforehand. Each trend of the global Pre-Menstrual Syndrome market is carefully analyzed and researched about by the market analysts.

Pre-Menstrual Syndrome Market competition by top manufacturers/ Key player Profiled: Alva-Amco Pharmacal Cos., Inc., Bayer, Inc., Chattem, Inc. (Sanofi), DEKK-TEC, Inc., G. R. Lane Health Products Ltd, McNeil Consumer Healthcare, MetP Pharma AG, Pherin Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Umecrine Mood AB, Novartis AG, GlaxoSmithKline Plc

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Global Pre-Menstrual Syndrome Market is estimated to reach xxx million USD in 2020 and projected to grow at the CAGR of xx% during 2020- 2025. According to the latest report added to the online repository of Alexareports the Pre-Menstrual Syndrome market has witnessed an unprecedented growth till 2020. The extrapolated future growth is expected to continue at higher rates by 2025.

Based on region, the globalPre-Menstrual Syndrome market has been segmented into Americas (North America ((the U.S. and Canada),) and Latin Americas), Europe (Western Europe (Germany, France, Italy, Spain, UK and Rest of Europe) and Eastern Europe), Asia Pacific (Japan, India, China, Australia & South Korea, and Rest of Asia Pacific), and Middle East & Africa (Saudi Arabia, UAE, Kuwait, Qatar, South Africa, and Rest of Middle East & Africa).

Pre-Menstrual Syndrome Market Segment by Type covers: Analgesics (Pain Killers), Oral Contraceptive Pills (OCPs), Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone (GnRH), Antidepressants, Ovarian Suppressors/Diuretics/Benzodiazepines

Pre-Menstrual Syndrome Market Segment by Industry: Hospitals, Clinic

After reading the Pre-Menstrual Syndrome market report, readers get insight into:

*Major drivers and restraining factors, opportunities and challenges, and the competitive landscape*New, promising avenues in key regions*New revenue streams for all players in emerging markets*Focus and changing role of various regulatory agencies in bolstering new opportunities in various regions*Demand and uptake patterns in key industries of the Pre-Menstrual Syndrome market*New research and development projects in new technologies in key regional markets*Changing revenue share and size of key product segments during the forecast period*Technologies and business models with disruptive potential

Key questions answered in the report:

What will the market growth rate of Pre-Menstrual Syndrome market?What are the key factors driving the global Pre-Menstrual Syndrome market size?Who are the key manufacturers in Pre-Menstrual Syndrome market space?What are the market opportunities, market risk and market overview of the Pre-Menstrual Syndromemarket?What are sales, revenue, and price analysis of top manufacturers of Pre-Menstrual Syndrome market?Who are the distributors, traders, and dealers of Pre-Menstrual Syndrome market?What are the Pre-Menstrual Syndrome market opportunities and threats faced by the vendors in the global Pre-Menstrual Syndromeindustries?What are sales, revenue, and price analysis by types and applications of Pre-Menstrual Syndromemarket?What are sales, revenue, and price analysis by regions of Pre-Menstrual Syndrome industries?

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Table of ContentsSection 1 Pre-Menstrual Syndrome Product DefinitionSection 2 Global Pre-Menstrual Syndrome Market Manufacturer Share and Market Overview2.1 Global Manufacturer Pre-Menstrual Syndrome Shipments2.2 Global Manufacturer Pre-Menstrual Syndrome Business Revenue2.3 Global Pre-Menstrual Syndrome Market OverviewSection 3 Manufacturer Pre-Menstrual Syndrome Business Introduction3.1 Alva-Amco Pharmacal Cos., Inc. Pre-Menstrual Syndrome Business Introduction3.1.1 Alva-Amco Pharmacal Cos., Inc. Pre-Menstrual Syndrome Shipments, Price, Revenue and Gross profit 2014-20193.1.2 Alva-Amco Pharmacal Cos., Inc. Pre-Menstrual Syndrome Business Distribution by Region3.1.3 Alva-Amco Pharmacal Cos., Inc. Interview Record3.1.4 Alva-Amco Pharmacal Cos., Inc. Pre-Menstrual Syndrome Business Profile3.1.5 Alva-Amco Pharmacal Cos., Inc. Pre-Menstrual Syndrome Product Specification3.2 Bayer, Inc. Pre-Menstrual Syndrome Business Introduction3.2.1 Bayer, Inc. Pre-Menstrual Syndrome Shipments, Price, Revenue and Gross profit 2014-20193.2.2 Bayer, Inc. Pre-Menstrual Syndrome Business Distribution by Region3.2.3 Interview Record3.2.4 Bayer, Inc. Pre-Menstrual Syndrome Business Overview3.2.5 Bayer, Inc. Pre-Menstrual Syndrome Product Specification3.3 Chattem, Inc. (Sanofi) Pre-Menstrual Syndrome Business Introduction3.3.1 Chattem, Inc. (Sanofi) Pre-Menstrual Syndrome Shipments, Price, Revenue and Gross profit 2014-20193.3.2 Chattem, Inc. (Sanofi) Pre-Menstrual Syndrome Business Distribution by Region3.3.3 Interview Record3.3.4 Chattem, Inc. (Sanofi) Pre-Menstrual Syndrome Business Overview3.3.5 Chattem, Inc. (Sanofi) Pre-Menstrual Syndrome Product Specification3.4 DEKK-TEC, Inc. Pre-Menstrual Syndrome Business Introduction3.5 G. R. Lane Health Products Ltd Pre-Menstrual Syndrome Business Introduction3.6 McNeil Consumer Healthcare Pre-Menstrual Syndrome Business IntroductionSection 4 Global Pre-Menstrual Syndrome Market Segmentation (Region Level)4.1 North America Country4.1.1 United States Pre-Menstrual Syndrome Market Size and Price Analysis 2014-20194.1.2 Canada Pre-Menstrual Syndrome Market Size and Price Analysis 2014-20194.2 South America Country4.2.1 South America Pre-Menstrual Syndrome Market Size and Price Analysis 2014-20194.3 Asia Country4.3.1 China Pre-Menstrual Syndrome Market Size and Price Analysis 2014-20194.3.2 Japan Pre-Menstrual Syndrome Market Size and Price Analysis 2014-20194.3.3 India Pre-Menstrual Syndrome Market Size and Price Analysis 2014-20194.3.4 Korea Pre-Menstrual Syndrome Market Size and Price Analysis 2014-20194.4 Europe Country4.4.1 Germany Pre-Menstrual Syndrome Market Size and Price Analysis 2014-20194.4.2 UK Pre-Menstrual Syndrome Market Size and Price Analysis 2014-20194.4.3 France Pre-Menstrual Syndrome Market Size and Price Analysis 2014-20194.4.4 Italy Pre-Menstrual Syndrome Market Size and Price Analysis 2014-20194.4.5 Europe Pre-Menstrual Syndrome Market Size and Price Analysis 2014-20194.5 Other Country and Region4.5.1 Middle East Pre-Menstrual Syndrome Market Size and Price Analysis 2014-20194.5.2 Africa Pre-Menstrual Syndrome Market Size and Price Analysis 2014-20194.5.3 GCC Pre-Menstrual Syndrome Market Size and Price Analysis 2014-20194.6 Global Pre-Menstrual Syndrome Market Segmentation (Region Level) Analysis 2014-20194.7 Global Pre-Menstrual Syndrome Market Segmentation (Region Level) AnalysisSection 5 Global Pre-Menstrual Syndrome Market Segmentation (Product Type Level)5.1 Global Pre-Menstrual Syndrome Market Segmentation (Product Type Level) Market Size 2014-20195.2 Different Pre-Menstrual Syndrome Product Type Price 2014-20195.3 Global Pre-Menstrual Syndrome Market Segmentation (Product Type Level) AnalysisSection 6 Global Pre-Menstrual Syndrome Market Segmentation (Industry Level)6.1 Global Pre-Menstrual Syndrome Market Segmentation (Industry Level) Market Size 2014-20196.2 Different Industry Price 2014-20196.3 Global Pre-Menstrual Syndrome Market Segmentation (Industry Level) AnalysisSection 7 Global Pre-Menstrual Syndrome Market Segmentation (Channel Level)7.1 Global Pre-Menstrual Syndrome Market Segmentation (Channel Level) Sales Volume and Share 2014-20197.2 Global Pre-Menstrual Syndrome Market Segmentation (Channel Level) AnalysisSection 8 Pre-Menstrual Syndrome Market Forecast 2019-20248.1 Pre-Menstrual Syndrome Segmentation Market Forecast (Region Level)8.2 Pre-Menstrual Syndrome Segmentation Market Forecast (Product Type Level)8.3 Pre-Menstrual Syndrome Segmentation Market Forecast (Industry Level)8.4 Pre-Menstrual Syndrome Segmentation Market Forecast (Channel Level)Section 9 Pre-Menstrual Syndrome Segmentation Product Type9.1 Analgesics (Pain Killers) Product Introduction9.2 Oral Contraceptive Pills (OCPs) Product Introduction9.3 Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone (GnRH) Product Introduction9.4 Antidepressants Product Introduction9.5 Ovarian Suppressors/Diuretics/Benzodiazepines Product IntroductionSection 10 Pre-Menstrual Syndrome Segmentation Industry10.1 Hospitals Clients10.2 Clinic ClientsSection 11 Pre-Menstrual Syndrome Cost of Production Analysis11.1 Raw Material Cost Analysis11.2 Technology Cost Analysis11.3 Labor Cost Analysis11.4 Cost OverviewSection 12 Conclusion

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(2020-2025) Pre-Menstrual Syndrome Market to Witness Robust Expansion throughout the Forecast Period - Cole of Duty

Just like eyes can be the window into the soul, hair can be a window into your health. While having a good hair day is tied into vanity, it can also suggest that your vitamin and mineral levels are all in balance, along with a strong immune system and metabolism. Greying early, losing clumps of hair or simply finding strands dull and unruly could be a sign that something else is going on, and can signal to you to reach out to a doctor. Not sure what's up? We spoke to the pros to find out how to know.

When you'll start to go grey is usually determined by genetics, and it isn't necessarily a sign that anything is wrong. But if you start to grey in your 20s, it could be too early. "Premature greying could be a sign of vitiligo or leukoderma, hypothyroidism and in some cases even Vitamin B12 deficiencies, informs Dr Satish Bhatia, dermatologist and cutaneous surgeon. He suggests getting Vitamin levels checked, as well as exploring other correlations, like smoking and tobacco use.

Heat styling and dye can cause damage to hair, leaving it looking frazzled and dry. But if you've used hair masks and laid off the heat tools, dry and dull hair could be a sign of a poor diet, or hypothyroidism. Cuticle is the hair's outermost protective layer. On healthy hair, these cells will lie smooth and flat," says Dr Bhatia. This is the reason for hair to reflect light, and appear smooth and shiny. If your diet lacks Omega 3 and Omega 6 fatty acids, you can see it in your strands being brittle. It's not just deficiencies, including too much Vitamin A in your diet and supplement intake can also cause dull, breakage-prone strands. Dull and dehydrated hair is also an obvious giveaway of iron deficiencies or anaemia, he says.

Dr Rigvita Yadav, senior consultant trichologist at Tricia Hair Clinic, Jean-Claude Biguine India explains that miniaturisation is the hormone-driven biological process in which strands shrink in size over time resulting in decrease in hair volume. She adds, In genetically-susceptible hair follicles, a hormone called dihydrotestosterone (DHT) can cause the hair follicle to shrink in size, resulting in production of thinner and weaker hair.

This kind of hair loss is mostly mediated by male hormone testosterone, and called androgenic alopecia. While it can affect both men and women, it is the cause of the common baldness in men. In women it is seen as broadening of the partition of the scalp, recession of the hairline or formation of the notches in the sides of the hairline. It can be seen as a genetic problem in women, however a substantial number of females dont have a family history and they should be investigated for PCOS and ovarian tumours, informs Dr Chaturvedi.

Telogen effluvium is by far the most common form of hair loss seen. In dramatic cases, it can result in a 25 per cent hair loss, points out Dr Chaturvedi. If you're seeing hair shed in clumps, it could relate to hormonal or gut issues. This is when a patient will complain that whenever they wash their hair, they can see large chunks falling out," says Dr Bhatia. Doctors say that you can see this stress-related hair fall after a definable precipitating event, which could include trauma, or illnesses like typhoid or malaria. Another important cause? An imbalanced diet. Crash diets, high protein diets that don't include carbs, or eating lots of processed foods can cause stress-induced hair fall, says Dr Yadav about the inflammatory foods that put pressure on the digestive and immune system.

Is your hair fall stress-related? Here's what you can do to stop it

Could your hormones be the reason behind your premature hair loss?

The haircare tips youll need if youre thinking of going grey

Excerpt from:
4 common hair issues that could be symptoms other health concerns, according to the experts - VOGUE India