Archive for January, 2020

LONDON--(BUSINESS WIRE)--Technavio has been monitoring the global amniotic membrane market since 2019 and the market is poised to grow by USD 1.48 billion during 2020-2024, progressing at a CAGR of more than 13% during the forecast period. Request a free sample report

Read the 145-page report with TOC on Amniotic Membrane Market Analysis Report by Geography (Asia, Europe, North America, and ROW), Type (Cryopreserved amniotic membrane and Dehydrated amniotic membrane), and the Segment Forecasts, 2020-2024.

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The market is driven by the rising demand for biocompatible scaffolds. In addition, the rise in the development of new applications through research is anticipated to boost the growth of the amniotic membrane market.

The rising need for naturally derived materials in tissue scaffolding is increasing the demand for amniotic membranes. This is due to the specialized structure of amniotic membranes that exhibit high biological viability, making them ideal for creating bio-scaffolds. Moreover, the epithelial cells in amniotic membranes have the advantages of stem cells which provide a native environment of cell seeding. Bio-scaffolds are widely used in regenerative therapies for the treatment of bone, cartilage, skin, vascular tissues, and skeletal muscles. With growing geriatric population, the demand for such orthopaedic regenerative therapies is expected to increase significantly during the forecast period. This will have a positive impact on the demand for amniotic membranes.

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Major Five Amniotic Membrane Market Companies:

Celularity Inc.

Celularity Inc. operates its business through the Unified Business Segment. BIOVANCE is the key offering of the company. It offers a decellularized, dehydrated human amniotic membrane allograft that contains natural extracellular matrix (ECM) that helps in wound regeneration and tissue restoration.

Human Regenerative Technologies LLC

Human Regenerative Technologies LLC operates the business across segments such as Flowable and Membrane. HydraTek amniotic membrane products, is the key offering of the company. It includes thin and thick dehydrated amniotic membranes used in covering and protecting the recipient's tissue.

Integra LifeSciences Holdings Corp.

Integra LifeSciences Holdings Corp. operates its business across segments such as Codman Specialty Surgical, and Orthopedics and Tissue Technologies. The company offers a wide range of amniotic membrane products. Some of the key offerings include AmnioExcel Amniotic Allograft Membrane, BioDDryFlex Amniotic Tissue Membrane, BioDOptix Amniotic Extracellular Membrane, and Integra BioFix Amniotic Membrane Allograft.

Katena Products Inc.

Katena Products Inc. operates the business across segments such as Instruments, Biologics, Plugs, Lenses, Devices, and Blink Medical. Amniotic Membrane Surgical and Amniotic Membrane Clinic are some of the key offerings of the company.

MiMedx Group Inc.

MiMedx Group Inc. operates the business in the Regenerative biomaterial products and bioimplants segment. The company offers a wide range of amniotic membrane products. AmnioFix, EpiFix, and EpiBurn are the key offerings of the company.

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Global Amniotic Membrane Market 2020-2024 | Evolving Opportunities with Celularity Inc. and Human Regenerative Technologies LLC | Technavio - Business...

[H]ere, we present some of the innovations, both conceptual and technological, that stood out throughout the past decade.

In 2010, an international group of scientists published thefirst draft of the Neanderthal genome. And three years later, another large group of coauthors published ahigh-coverage, complete Neanderthal genome.

Beyond the remarkable advances concerning the sequencing of DNA, the 2010s saw the rapid establishment and development of a revolutionary genome editing strategy: CRISPR.

The 2010s were also momentous for personalized medicine and gene therapy. In 2017, the FDA approved the gene therapy Luxturna, which treats a single-gene disease that causes childhood blindness, making it the first such therapeutic to receive FDA approval.

I cant help feeling that the 2020s have big things in store for several areas of life science. The excitement that has built around personalized medicine, CRISPR as a therapeutic tool, and AI presage wide applications for these still-young technologies. As they have been throughout the decade, bioethicists in the 2020s will need to remain ever vigilant, considering continuing developments such as the creation of human/animal chimeras, the genomic modification of human embryos, and the potential of more-accessible genome sequencing.

Read full, original post: What A Long, Strange Decade Its Been

Original post:
'Strange' decade gave us CRISPR, gene therapy advances and a Neanderthal genome - Genetic Literacy Project

Life sciences group Promega has signed a license agreement with MilliporeSigma to advance drug development through new research products created using gene-editing technology.

The agreement will give Promega access to MilliporeSigmas foundational CRISPR genome-editing technology. Promega will aim to create new research products for investigating endogenous biology, including those for drug development. This will give scientists the tools needed to better read the physiological or natural levels of protein expression, providing a more accurate understanding of protein behavior.

This license further expands the potential of CRISPR, and, more importantly, gives scientists a new view into natural cell activity, said Bill Linton, president and CEO, Promega Corporation. This is quite a meaningful contribution to many areas of applied research in such fields as cancer and neuroscience.

Research papers such as those in ACS Chemical Biology have detailed how the Promega HiBiT Protein Tagging System can be combined with CRISPR-Cas9-mediated gene editing to tag endogenous proteins and simplify their study under natural expression conditions.

Under this licensing agreement, Promega plans to use our intellectual property to develop CRISPR- edited cell lines, which can play a major role in determining drug efficacy, toxicity and overall development, said Udit Batra, CEO, MilliporeSigma.

Original post:
Promega to work with MilliporeSigma on advancing drug development using gene-editing tools - EPM Magazine

GRAUBNDNER KANTONALBANK (PRIVAT bought a fresh place in CRISPR Therapeutics AG (NASDAQ:CRSP). The institutional investor bought 32.00 shares of the stock in a transaction took place on 11/29/2019. In another most recent transaction, which held on 11/30/2019, NIKKO ASSET MANAGEMENT AUSTRALIA sold approximately 983.00 shares of CRISPR Therapeutics AG. In a separate transaction which took place on 11/29/2019, the institutional investor, MEDICAL STRATEGY GMBH sold 1.9 thousand shares of the companys stock. The total Institutional investors and hedge funds own 46.90% of the companys stock.

In the most recent purchasing and selling session, CRISPR Therapeutics AG (CRSP)s share price increased by 0.20 percent to ratify at $59.44. A sum of 1391345 shares traded at recent session and its average exchanging volume remained at 1.08M shares. The 52-week price high and low points are important variables to concentrate on when assessing the current and prospective worth of a stock. CRISPR Therapeutics AG (CRSP) shares are taking a pay cut of -19.68% from the high point of 52 weeks and flying high of 116.15% from the low figure of 52 weeks.

CRISPR Therapeutics AG (CRSP) shares reached a high of $60.28 and dropped to a low of $57.36 until finishing in the latest session at $58.01. Traders and investors may also choose to study the ATR or Average True Range when concentrating on technical inventory assessment. Currently at 3.24 is the 14-day ATR for CRISPR Therapeutics AG (CRSP). The highest level of 52-weeks price has $74.00 and $27.50 for 52 weeks lowest level. After the recent changes in the price, the firm captured the enterprise value of $2.69B. The liquidity ratios which the firm has won as a quick ratio of 8.30, a current ratio of 8.30 and a debt-to-equity ratio of 0.00.

Having a look at past record, were going to look at various forwards or backwards shifting developments regarding CRSP. The firms shares fell -10.95 percent in the past five business days and shrunk -18.72 percent in the past thirty business days. In the previous quarter, the stock rose 53.24 percent at some point. The output of the stock increased 24.90 percent within the six-month closing period, while general annual output gained 112.13 percent. The companys performance is now negative at -2.41% from the beginning of the calendar year.

According to WSJ, CRISPR Therapeutics AG (CRSP) obtained an estimated Overweight proposal from the 16 brokerage firms currently keeping a deep eye on the stock performance as compares to its rivals. 2 equity research analysts rated the shares with a selling strategy, 2 gave a hold approach, 12 gave a purchase tip, 0 gave the firm a overweight advice and 0 put the stock under the underweight category. The average price goal of one year between several banks and credit unions that last year discussed the stock is $77.50.

Coupa Software Incorporated (COUP) shares on Fridays trading session, jumped 3.91 percent to see the stock exchange hands at $159.58 per unit. Lets a quick look at companys past reported and future predictions of growth using the EPS Growth. EPS growth is a percentage change in standardized earnings per share over the trailing-twelve-month period to the current year-end. The company posted a value of -$1.35 as earning-per-share over the last full year, while a chance, will post $0.47 for the coming year. The current EPS Growth rate for the company during the year is -16.40% and predicted to reach at 31.67% for the coming year. In-depth, if we analyze for the long-term EPS Growth, the scenario is totally different as the current prediction is 58.37% for the next five year.

The last trading period has seen Coupa Software Incorporated (COUP) move -0.24% and 173.82% from the stocks 52-week high and 52-week low prices respectively. The daily trading volume for Coupa Software Incorporated (NASDAQ:COUP) over the last session is 2.92 million shares. COUP has attracted considerable attention from traders and investors, a scenario that has seen its volume jump 64.87% compared to the previous one.

Investors focus on the profitability proportions of the company that how the company performs at profitability side. Return on equity ratio or ROE is a significant indicator for prospective investors as they would like to see just how effectively a business is using their cash to produce net earnings. As a return on equity, Coupa Software Incorporated (NASDAQ:COUP) produces -21.60%. Because it would be easy and highly flexible, ROI measurement is among the most popular investment ratios. Executives could use it to evaluate the levels of performance on acquisitions of capital equipment whereas investors can determine that how the stock investment is better. The ROI entry for COUPs scenario is at -9.60%. Another main metric of a profitability ratio is the return on assets ratio or ROA that analyses how effectively a business can handle its assets to generate earnings over a duration of time. Coupa Software Incorporated (COUP) generated -7.40% ROA for the trading twelve-month.

Volatility is just a proportion of the anticipated day by day value extendthe range where an informal investor works. Greater instability implies more noteworthy benefit or misfortune. After an ongoing check, Coupa Software Incorporated (COUP) stock is found to be 4.65% volatile for the week, while 3.70% volatility is recorded for the month. The outstanding shares have been calculated 61.40M. Based on a recent bid, its distance from 20 days simple moving average is 8.43%, and its distance from 50 days simple moving average is 11.88% while it has a distance of 24.45% from the 200 days simple moving average.

The Williams Percent Range or Williams %R is a well-known specialized pointer made by Larry Williams to help recognize overbought and oversold circumstances. Coupa Software Incorporated (NASDAQ:COUP)s Williams Percent Range or Williams %R at the time of writing to be seated at 18.12% for 9-Day. It is also calculated for different time spans. Currently for this organization, Williams %R is stood at 13.07% for 14-Day, 13.07% for 20-Day, 8.24% for 50-Day and to be seated 8.24% for 100-Day. Relative Strength Index, or RSI(14), which is a technical analysis gauge, also used to measure momentum on a scale of zero to 100 for overbought and oversold. In the case of Coupa Software Incorporated, the RSI reading has hit 66.33 for 14-Day.

Read more from the original source:
The Final Numbers Now Have The Rebound: CRISPR Therapeutics AG (CRSP) and Coupa Software Incorporated (COUP) - BOV News

There was a head-scratching moment when Martin Swales answered his front door and a priest handed him a letter.

The mystery was quickly solved. It contained a thank you note from someone whose life Martin had saved.

He knew his bone marrow had been given to someone called Jan and imagined it was a woman in Britain.

In fact the recipient was dad Jan Zmek 4,500 miles away in the US.

And Martins gift of life has led to an extraordinary 30-year bond between the pair, who are like blood brothers.

Jan named his second daughter Martina in honour of his hero and Martin is godfather to his third girl.

Retired welder Martin, 58, of Guisborough, North Yorks, said: Donating bone marrow didnt just save Jans life, it changed mine as well.

The first time I met Jan, I put my arms around him and he hugged me back.

It felt natural, like I was welcoming my brother. It feels like our two families have become one.

They each have three grown-up children and have visited each other for baptisms, graduations, and weddings.

Martin recently went to Switzerland, where Jan lives with his family, to celebrate 30 years since the transplant and present his blood brother with a Walk of Fame plaque.

It includes the touching message: Stood strong, fought hard, and won. You are a survivor.

The mens amazing and heart-warming story dates from 1986 when Martin joined the Anthony Nolan stem cell register after an appeal to save two girls living in the North East.

He was not a match for the girls but in 1989 was called by the register because he could be for Jan.

Martin said: It was quite a shock because Id pretty much forgotten about the register. They told me I was a possible match for someone and what was involved. I said yes straight away. I wanted to help if I could.

Despite the discomfort, Martin gave bone marrow from his hip at a clinic in Harley Street that August. Doctors extracted it from inside his hip using a long needle. Today most donations are no more invasive than giving blood.

Martin spent two nights in hospital. He said: It doesnt take long but at the time I was suffering from sciatica so I think I found it a bit more painful than most. It was an uncomfortable journey home on the train.Anthony Nolan covered the cost of the trip.

Jan, a 27-year-old dad, was diagnosed with leukaemia in 1987. Initially doctors kept the news from him as no treatment was available in the Czech Republic, where he lived.

Jan said: I was diagnosed one year after the Chernobyl tragedy, weve never known if that radiation was to blame for my cancer. I suddenly grew very tired, nobody knew the reason.

I didnt know how sick I was because the doctors wouldnt tell me.

My wife, who was then my girlfriend, went to the same doctors and they told her, Dont marry this guy, dont have children with him. He is going to die in two years.

But Radka ignored their warning and insisted on marrying Jan in 1987.

His only hope was a bone marrow transplant. Weeks later he left for the US with his dad, who planned to be his donor.

Jan said: A few months earlier, I read in the paper the opera singer Jos Carreras was diagnosed with a similar blood disease and was going to the same US centre for a transplant.

They arrived with less than 40 in their pockets and discovered a transplant from his dad would give Jan only a 15 per cent chance of survival.

Instead doctors advised them to find a donor. It took two years and 10,000 to test potential donors before they found a perfect match in Martin.

By then Jan and Radka had become parents to their first daughter, Jana.

Jan needed to raise more than 100,000 to fund the transplant.

He said: It was such a huge amount of money to raise but when you are dying you have no choice.

There were 12 rival local radio stations but they all got together to run a joint appeal, which they broadcast at the same time. It was incredible.

Jan did a sponsored run, gave talks about his ordeal to church congregations to request donations, and wrote to celebrities, especially those with links to the Czech Republic.

Donald Trump s ex-wife Ivana gave 1,000, as did One Flew Over the Cuckoos Nest director Milos Forman. Jan said: The response was crazy. So many people donated 20 dollars or 50.

Martins bone marrow was flown to the Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center in Seattle, where Jan was waiting in an isolation room.

He had been blasted with chemo and radiotherapy so his immune system would not attack Martins transplanted cells.

Normally, under strict anonymity rules to protect donor and recipient, Martin and Jan would have been unable to contact each other for years.

But a priest from the North East of England working at the hospital recognised Martins address when the bag of bone marrow arrived.

He offered to take a photo of Jan, a thank you letter, and a Czech garnet stone to Martin when he returned home in 1990.

Martin said: I was stunned. I had no idea my bone marrow had travelled so far. Knowing Id helped a young father, just like me, brought home how important it was and how easily it could have been me waiting for a stranger to save my life.

I wrote straight back. The priest also brought a letter from a couple whose daughter was in the same hospital.

Her transplant didnt work. Sadly she died, but they wrote to thank me for saving Jan. Responding to them was much harder. How do you find the right words?

Martin and Jan kept in touch. When Jans second daughter was born in 1991, he and Radka named her after Martin.

Jan said: How do you repay someone who saved your life? Naming our daughter after Martin was our way of showing him we would never forget what he did for us.

Hes not just the man who saved my life. He is a nice guy. Thats why were so close.

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Jan, 59, and his family moved to Switzerland, where he landed a job with a sports marketing firm that works with World Athletics.

In 1992 his job brought him to Crystal Palace in South London and he spent a few days with Martin and family.

Jans youngest daughter Michaela was born in 1995 and he invited Martin and his family to Switzerland for the baptism and asked him to be godfather.

The two families continued to visit each other and holidayed together in the Czech capital Prague. When Jans eldest, Jana, was studying at Newcastle University, she regularly spent weekends with Martin and his wife Tracey.

Martin said: It meant so much to visit Jan for the 30 anniversary of his transplant earlier this year.

"They showed us the sights and we went up the mountains. It was brilliant. I could never have imagined this when I joined the stem cell register all those years ago.

He added: I hope Martin and I will be able to celebrate another anniversary together in ten years.

The Anthony Nolan register matches potential donors to patients needing stem cell transplants and does vital research. To join, donate or find out more, see anthonynolan.org .

Here is the original post:
Bone marrow donor's amazing 30 year bond with man he saved - Mirror Online

There is also another option on the table: a technology called haplo-identical, where they could use the stem cells from my brother, who is a 50 per cent match.

But it shouldnt have been this hard to find a match, and thats whyI started my campaign to sign more people up to the transplant list.I want to make a difference for other people who have to go through this.

If I dont make it, I want to leave a legacy that the children can look at when theyre older and know that Mummy did everything she could to fight this thing. There can only be one winner with this disease, and it needs to be me.

As told to Jessica Salter

Leukaemia Care is one of three charities supported by this years Telegraph Christmas Charity Appeal. Our others are Wooden Spoon, which works with the rugby community to raise money for disabled and disadvantaged children,and The Silver Line, a telephone support service for lonely elderly people. To donate,visit telegraph.co.uk/charity or call 0151 284 1927 before the end of January

Continue reading here:
My agonising two-year wait for a stem-cell donor after being diagnosed with leukaemia - The Telegraph

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MCLEAN, United States (AFP) When a person's immune system is impaired by a genetic disease a bone marrow transplant can be a powerful therapeutic tool, but with a major downside during the first few months the recipient's defences against viruses are severely weakened. The slightest infection can lead to a hospital trip.

A still-experimental type of treatment known as T-cell therapy aims to assist during this vulnerable period the months during which the body is rebuilding its natural defences. After two decades of clinical trials, the technology has been refined and is being used to treat more and more patients, many of them children.

A boy named Johan is one of them.

Today he is a mischievous, smiling toddler, with a thick shock of light-brown hair, who never tires, playfully tormenting the family's puppy, Henry.

There is no sign of the three-year-long medical and emotional roller coaster ride he and his family, who live in an affluent Washington suburb, have been on.

The first traumatic surprise came with the results of a pregnancy test Johan was not planned.

That was a huge shock. I cried, said his mother, 39-year-old Maren Chamorro.

Risky procedure

She had known since childhood that she carried a gene that can be fatal in a child's first 10 years, chronic granulomatous disease (CGD).

Her brother died of it at the age of seven. The inexorable laws of genetics meant that Maren had a one in four chance of transmitting it to her child.

For their first children, she and her husband Ricardo had chosen invitro fertilisation, allowing the embryos to be genetically tested before implantation.

Their twins Thomas and Joanna were born both disease-free seven and a half years ago.

But in Johan's case, a post-birth genetic test quickly confirmed the worst: He had CGD.

After conferring with experts at Children's National Hospital in Washington, the couple took one of the most important decisions of their lives, Johan would receive a bone marrow transplant a risky procedure but one that would give him a chance of a cure.

Obviously, the fact that Maren had lost a sibling at a young age from the disease played a big role, Ricardo confided.

Bone marrow, the spongy tissue inside bones, serves as the body's factory for the production of blood cells both red and white.

His brother's immune system

Johan's white blood cells were incapable of fighting off bacteria and fungal infections. A simple bacterial infection, of negligible concern in a healthy child, could spread out of control in his young body.

Luckily, Johan's brother Thomas, six years old at the time, was a perfect match. In April 2018, doctors first cleansed Johan's marrow using chemotherapy. They then took a small amount of marrow from Thomas's hip bones using a long, thin needle.

From that sample they extracted supercells, as Thomas calls them stem cells, which they reinjected into Johan's veins. Those cells would eventually settle in his bone marrow and begin producing normal white blood cells.

The second step was preventive cell therapy, under an experimental programme led by immunologist Michael Keller at Children's National Hospital.

The part of the immune system that protects against bacteria can be rebuilt in only a matter of weeks; but for viruses, the natural process takes at least three months.

Hurdles remain

From Thomas's blood, doctors extracted specialised white blood cells T-cells that had already encountered six viruses.

Keller grew them for 10 days in an incubator, creating an army of hundreds of millions of those specialised T-cells. The result: A fluffy white substance contained in a small glass vial.

Those T-cells were then injected into Johan's veins, immediately conferring protection against the six viruses.

He has his brother's immune system, said Keller, an assistant professor at Children's National.

Johan's mother confirmed as much: Today, when Thomas and Johan catch a cold they have the same symptoms, and for nearly the same amount of time.

I think it's pretty cool to have immunity from your big brother, Maren Chamorro said.

This therapeutic approach boosting the body's immune system using cells from a donor or one's own genetically modified cells is known as immunotherapy.

Its main use so far has been against cancer, but Keller hopes it will soon become available against viruses for patients, like Johan, who suffer from depressed immune systems.

The chief obstacles to that happening are the complexity of the process and the costs, which can run to many thousands of dollars. These factors currently restrict the procedure to some 30 medical centres in the United States.

For Johan, a year and a half after his bone marrow transplant, everything points to a complete success.

It's neat to see him processing things, and especially play outside in the mud, his mother said.

You know, what a gift!

Her only concern now is the same as any mother would have that when her son does fall ill, others in the family might catch the same bug.

Now you can read the Jamaica Observer ePaper anytime, anywhere. The Jamaica Observer ePaper is available to you at home or at work, and is the same edition as the printed copy available at http://bit.ly/epaperlive

Read the original here:
The supercells' that cured an infants genetic illness - Jamaica Observer

Researchers at Baylor College of Medicine have discovered a new mechanism that helps maintain and repair bones in adults. Ultimately, this could help develop new therapeutic strategies to improve bone healing.

Knee Bones

Osteoporosis is a skeletal disease characterized by reduced bone density and changes in the microarchitecture of bones. These changes weaken the bone and increase the risk of fractures.

Osteoporosis develops particularly in older people. Today, a new study could eventually lead to the development of therapeutic strategies to improve bone regeneration in these patients. Results published in the journal Cell Stem Cell on the 5th December 2019 have laid out a new mechanism that contributes to the maintenance and repair of bones in adults.

Adult bone repair relies on the activation of bone stem cells, which still remain poorly characterized. Bone stem cells have been found both in the bone marrow inside the bone and also in the periosteum: the outer layer of tissue that envelopes bone. Previous studies have shown that these two populations of stem cells share many characteristics; however, they also have unique functions and specific regulatory mechanisms, said Dr. Dongsu Park, assistant professor of molecular and human genetics, pathology and immunology at Baylor College of Medicine.

Of these two populations, periosteal stem cells are the least known. Although scientists know that this is a heterogeneous population of cells that can contribute to the thickness, formation, and repair of bone fractures, no one has yet been able to distinguish between the different subtypes of bone stem cells in order to study the regulation of their different functions.

Read Also:HGH Is Now A Solid Treatment For Osteoporosis According To Studies

Here, however, Dr. Dongsu Park and colleagues were able to develop a technique in mice to identify different subpopulations of periosteal stem cells, define their contribution to the repair of bone fractures and identify the specific factors that regulate their migration and proliferation under physiological conditions.

The researchers identified a specific subset of stem cells that contribute to lifelong bone regeneration in adults. They also observed that periosteal stem cells react to inflammatory molecules, chemokines, which are normally produced in bone injuries.

In detail, periosteal stem cells have receptors that bind to the CCL5 chemokine. The CCL5 chemokine sends a signal to the cells to migrate to the injured bone and repair it. By suppressing the CCL5 gene in rats, the researchers found defects in bone repair that delayed healing. However, when they gave CCL5 to rats that had lost CCL5, the bones recovered faster.

Read Also:The Exciting Future of Joint and Cartilage Repair

Our findings contribute to a better understanding of the healing of adult bones. We believe this is one of the first studies to show that bone stem cells are heterogeneous and that different subtypes have unique properties that are regulated by specific mechanisms, said Dr. Dongsu Park.

In conclusion, this study has allowed for the identification of different stem cell subtypes and their distinguishing markers and their roles in bone repair. This discovery gives insight into new therapeutic strategies for the treatment of bone damage in adults, particularly in the setting of osteoporosis or diabetes. Indeed, people with diabetes may be prone to falls and fractures due to neurological, visual or renal complications. In addition, bone fragility in diabetics is likely to be due to changes in bone remodeling and, in particular, an increase in bone resorption.

Read Also:Implants from Own Stem Cells May Offer Solution to Back Pain, Researchers Say

https://www.cell.com/cell-stem-cell/fulltext/S1934-5909(19)30458-8?

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Researchers at Baylor College of Medicine Discover How to Improve Bone Repair - Gilmore Health News

When Allison Shatford was diagnosed with aplastic anemia in 1984 she was given just a 20 per cent chance of survival.

Before her diagnosis, the now 58-year-old described having headaches, bruising, prolonged periods and lethargy.

Eventually it became too much and she was taken to the Leicester Royal Infirmary (LRI) when she was just 23-years-old.

That's when she was given her diagnosis, two years after she first noticed that something might be wrong.

She spent seven years in and out of hospital before doctors gave her another shot at life.

Now, 28 years since her life-saving procedure Alison has written a book about the "frightening" experience.

"I can remember when I was in Florida with my friend and I could not stop bleeding, it was traumatic and that was two years before I was taken into hospital," she said.

"My bone marrow had completely shut down, it didn't make any red blood cells, plasma or oxygen.

"For the next seven years from the age of 23 I was dependant on the blood and platelet donors three times a week for seven years.

"As a young person at 23 my life was taken by this, but I fought it, I never wanted to die."

In her book she said that doctors told her she was only the 13th person to be diagnosed with aplastic anemia after she underwent a series of bone marrow tests.

Aplastic anemia is a serious condition that affects the blood and can happen suddenly.

It is also called bone marrow failure.

Essentially, the condition means that the bone marrow and stem cells don't produce enough blood cells.

There are three types of blood cell: red, white and platelets.

Red blood cells carry a protein called haemoglobin which carry oxygen around the body.

White blood cells help to fight bacterial infections and viruses.

Platelets help blood to clot.

There are multiple symptoms of aplastic anemia, they are: Fatigue, shortness of breath, rapid or irregular heart rate, pale skin, frequent or prolonged infections, unexplained bruising, nosebleeds and bleeding gums, prolonged bleeding from cuts, rashes, dizziness and headaches.

The condition is normally found withing children and adults over the age of 60.

According to the NHS the best form of treatment is a bone marrow transplant - without treatment the condition can be fatal.

Alison had hormone procedures in order to treat the condition, and she said that doctors at the LRI told her they had never seen anything like it.

She said that from 1984 to 1991 she was constantly in and out of the LRI as well as Hammersmith Hospital in London who were helping with treatment.

"I had a hormone procedure mainly used for aplastic anemia and that made me so much more poorly, I was desperate.

"Six months later I had the second course, the treatment involved hormones from horses and rabbits.

"Everyone would bring me carrots, lettuce and apples," she laughed.

"One week before my 30th birthday the doctors said 'Alison it doesn't look good.'

"Leukemia cells had been laying dormant now they had woken up - I had aplastic anemia and luekemia."

She said the medical professionals said that she had one chance and that was a bone marrow transplant.

After testing members of her family for a potential bone marrow donor, her sister Annette was found to be a match.

"It was so unbelievable it was like looking through a haystack to find a needle, that's how rare it was," she said.

"My sister was a match, she was always on the plane coming backwards and forwards for tests; she lived in Ireland.

"I was given a 20 per cent chance of survival before I travelled to hospital for treatment.

Alison said that she started to get her finances in check and had planned her own funeral because she did not want to burden her family in case she didn't come home.

Fortunately after the transplant and extensive chemotherapy, Alison survived.

"In 1991 they said 'expect to be in there for about 15 weeks'.

"After 4 weeks I came home," she said.

"The only set back I had was in the February when I got pneumonia and that was the only time I couldn't control my own body, I was given morphine that knocked me out, but I'm still here."

Allison also had a stroke seven years ago, but again survived after having a blood clot removed before it reached her brain.

The 58-year-old former carer from Oadby now owns and runs a shop on Welford Road called Alison's Bits & Bobs.

From that shop she has helped to raise over 2000 for charities such as the Anthony Nolan trust.

She has also now written a book about her life.

"I have had my shop here for two years and have given 2000 already.

"I've walked Ben Nevis, sky dived you name it, I've done it.

"I have a portfolio on my shop window of all the media cuttings from 1991.

"In the first piece that was published I said I would write a book, so I did.

"I started writing it in February in my shop and it took me four weeks, I'm delighted with the book."

The book is filled with her memoirs that detail her struggles throughout her life in great depth.

The money made from sales of the 500 copies she has had printed will be donated to the LRI Haematology ward, Hammersmith Hospital and the Anthony Nolan Trust.

Alison lives with an unrivaled sense of positivity despite her ordeals in life.

"I love it here, I can educate and talk and listen to everyone.

"I think everyone deserves a shot at life, I'm still here, I wouldn't want to be anywhere else.

"I just want to give people hope and strength to get through like I did and that's all I can ask for."

You can purchase of a copy of Alison's book at her shop in Welford Road for 14.99.

The rest is here:
The woman who spent 7 years in and out of hospital battling rare condition some doctors had never seen - Leicestershire Live

Changing landscapes, habitat loss, fragmentation, and global climate change have been listed as the main reasons for biodiversity decline worldwide. Now, a new study from the National Centre for Biological Sciences (NCBS), Bengaluru, has added to the growing knowledge that anthropogenic activities can impact genetic connectivity or the movement among habitat patches usually resulting in mating and genetic exchange.

In several mammalian carnivores, juveniles disperse away from their mother's territory to establish their own territory. Males are known to travel longer distances than females. Isolation of habitat patches (due to habitat destruction and fragmentation) can restrict animal movement among habitat patches and thus reduce genetic exchange and increase the probability of extinction. Hence maintaining connectivity is critical to ensure long term persistence of a species, Prachi Thatte explains. Dr. Thatte is the first author of the paper published in Diversity and Distributions and now works with WWF-India on connectivity conservation

Four wide-ranging mammals Jungle cats, leopards, sloth bears, tigers were investigated for the genetic differentiation in central India, which is a critical landscape for several species. The DNA extracted from faecal samples were used for understanding genetic connectivity. The samples were collected from nine protected areas during the period 2012-2017.

The team looked at how land-use, human population density, nearby roads and traffic affected the genetic structure. The paper notes that tigers were impacted the most by high human footprint. Although known to travel long distances and move through agricultural fields to some extent, tigers in central India do not have equally high genetic exchange throughout the landscape. Some protected areas like Bandhavgarh tiger reserve seem to be getting relatively isolated (the 2014 tiger census report also shows the same), explains Dr. Thatte.

Jungle cats were found to be the least impacted. That is likely because in central India, they occupy a variety of habitats including forests, scrublands, grasslands and even irrigated agricultural fields close to the forests, she explains.

Despite being the least impacted by human activity, the team encountered several jungle cat road-kills while carrying out fieldwork. She explains that with increasing infrastructure and traffic, systematically studying the impact of roads on smaller species like jungle cat and jackals and ensuring the presence of mitigation structures like underpasses and overpasses would be crucial to ensure that we don't fragment the currently well-connected populations.

IIndia has also started paying attention to wildlife corridors and encouraging engineering reforms to promote wildlife movements. Last year, the Ministry of Environment along with the Wildlife Institute of India released a document that lays out the regulatory requirements for developing roads, railways, powerlines while recognising the impacts on wildlife and people. NHAI and all PWDs have been instructed to follow the guidelines.

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How humans affect genetic connectivity of four mammals - The Hindu

They have been poisoned, shot at, and stumbled into traps laid by those who regard them as a ruinous blight on the countrys woodland and wildlife.

But now, the grey squirrel is facing arguably its biggest threat yet, with plans to harness the cutting edge of genetic science to bring their destructive reign to an end.

Researchers at the University of Edinburghs world-renowned Roslin Institute say it is possible to cull numbers of the mammals by editing their DNA to ensure that all future females are born infertile.

The institute, famous for creating Dolly the Sheep, the worlds first mammal cloned from an adult cell, hoped to create gene-edited male squirrels that can be released into the wild.

The mammals would be altered to contain a so-called gene drive designed to spread throughout the population, and render all females to inherit it sterile.

Males, however, would be unaffected, so as to allow them to keep spreading the new genetic code, and ultimately hastening the greys demise.

The initiative is supported by some as a humane means of stopping the spread of the invasive species and protected the red squirrel, which is native to the UK, but survives only in isolated strongholds, with the vast majority found in parts of Scotland.

However, animal rights campaigners dismissed the idea as reprehensible, and warned it would not solve long standing ecological problems.

The project, which is part-funded by the European Squirrel Initiative, a charity that promotes research into the conservation of red squirrels, would also have implications for efforts to rid Britain of other invasive species, such as mink, muntjac deer, and ring-necked parakeets.

The team at the Roslin Institute point to the fact that the grey squirrel is a carrier of squirrel pox, which is lethal to the red squirrel. Without conservation efforts, it is predicted that reds could be lost from the UK altogether by 2030.

Professor Bruce Whitelaw, the institutes genus personal chair of animal biotechnology, is spearheading the squirrel project.

A potential application of gene drives is to control invasive vertebrate pests, such as cane toads and rabbits in Australia, grey squirrels in the UK, possums in New Zealand and rodents around the globe, he explained in a journal article co-authored with Gus McFarlane, a fellow researcher.

They have asked a team of genome engineers, population modellers, ecologists, ethicists and conservation experts to design gene drives as a potential tool to eradicate grey squirrels.

We are investigating strategies that could humanely control the UK grey squirrel population, Mr McFarlane said. One is spreading female infertility.

Another possible drive changes the sex ratio, favouring the birth of males over females until the population becomes mostly male.

Andrew Kendalll, a spokesman for the European Squirrel Initiative, said: The aim would be to create a few thousand gene-edited greys and then release them so the gene spreads, slowly wiping the species out in the UK. We want to reverse the invasion.

It is very humane - there is no need for trapping or shooting - they just stop reproducing.

However, Jennifer White, a spokeswoman for People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals, said: People accept that genetically engineering humans is morally unconscionable and doing the same to squirrels using gene-drive technology is just as reprehensible.

It wont solve our ecological problems but will lead to misery for intelligent, sensitive beings.

Follow this link:
Dolly the Sheep scientists hope DNA editing can wipe out grey squirrels - Scotland on Sunday

A white lion famously donated to the Cincinnati Zoo by magicians Siegfried & Roy has died. The zoo says the lion named "Prosperity" was "humanely euthanized" Monday.

The 22-year-old animal had "extended age-related health issues," the zoo writes in a Facebook post. The median life expectancy for a white lion is 16 years, according to the post.

Prosperity came to Cincinnati in 1998 when the famous magicians and entertainers Siegfried & Roy decided the lion cub should be raised around other cubs.

"Prosperity was a very special lion from the very start," writes zookeeper Laura Carpenter. She was born on Christmas Day in Las Vegas, Nevada, in the care of the famous entertainers, Siegfried and Roy. Her inexperienced mother failed to care for her, so she was hand-raised by Roy Horn himself, along with his staff of animal caregivers and trainers."

Carpenter goes on to say she had worries about Prosperity's ability to assimilate given she was used to eating off a silver platter, flying in private jets, and riding in limousines, but she says the lion bonded with the zoo's two young males, "Sunshine" and "Future," who were loaned to the zoo that same year by the magicians.

Prosperity sired four cubs with Sunshine, three of which were transferred to the Toledo Zoo. A daughter remains in Cincinnati. "Gracious," now 18 years old, is being monitored by zoo staff. The zoo says the Association of Zoos and Aquariums (AZA) recommends against transferring Gracious to live with other lions because of her age.

"(Prosperity's) longevity, and that of her 18-year-old daughter Gracious, can be attributed to the special geriatric enrichment, diet and TLC that she has received from her care team," the zoo says.

Prosperity outlived her two male companions and her three male cubs.

"Prosperity always rolled with the changes with a calm reserve and was the most wonderful lion. She holds the distinction of being named the official mascot of the U.S. Senate, where the most powerful lawmakers are known as lions," Carpenter eulogizes.

"We will miss you, our most special of lions, you have been the best lion anyone could have hoped for. I am most honored to have gotten to take care of you these many years. Farewell, my beautiful lion. May you have a special spot in Heaven that is most fitting for the Queen that you are."

White lions are caused by a rate genetic mutation. They are not albino, rather their coloring comes from a recessive gene called a color inhibitor. The AZA banned intentional breeding of white tigers in 2011 because of inbreeding concerns and problems.

Link:
Cincinnati Zoo Euthanizes White Lion With Ties To Siegfried & Roy - WVXU

Male elephant seals are among the loudest mammals ever recorded, and they can weigh more than two tons. (Photo by Steve Zamek, Feather Light Photography)

On a sparkling blue January morning, I meet marine biologist Patrick Robinson, who will escort me around Ao Nuevo State Park, a patch of dunes and bluffs an hours drive south of San Francisco. As we start along a sandy path toward the beach, he explains that his role is not only to protect me from the thousands of elephant seals currently camped out here, but to protect the elephant seals from me. That sounds sensible enoughuntil we come over a rise and I see what they actually look like in the flesh.

Blocking the path is a massive blob of quivering blubber, braying like a donkey. This hunk of chonk, the size and shape of Jabba the Hutt, is a male northern elephant seal. He might weigh as much as 4,500 pounds, and he can flop his jiggly body across the sand as fast as we can run. Robinson warns me to watch where I walk, and to be careful not to invade any seals personal space. I make eye contact with Jabba, who watches us with mild curiosity, his dark eyes lustrous over the dangling snoot that gives the species its name. I am not even slightly tempted to get closer.

A few hundred yards more down the path there are seals everywhere, lolling and scratching. We weave among them, trying not to get too close. But every rounded dune comes alive as a seal back or flank; what looks like driftwood sighs deeply and twitches a flipper. There are just so many of them. Like clockwork every winter, more than 2,000 adults congregate on these shores for their annual sealapalooza of fighting, birthing, nursing, matingall of lifes main events in just a few months. Sort of like Jersey Shore, but for seals.

When they come together in space and time, everything is very extreme. The level of competition is extreme, the level of risk is extreme. These animals are fasting, with no food and water, so the physiological constraints are extreme.

While the males battle for breeding rights and the females nurse their newborn pups, none of the adults eat or drink, losing more than 30 percent of their body weight. This ultra-endurance event is just one of the many extraordinary things elephant seals do. When they come together in space and time, everything is very extreme, says behavioral ecologist Colleen Reichmuth of the Institute of Marine Sciences at University of California Santa Cruz. The level of competition is extreme, the level of risk is extreme. These animals are fasting, with no food and water, so the physiological constraints are extreme.

Because it is both amazing and convenient to study, the northern elephant seal, which ranges throughout the North Pacific, is one of the best-measured of all marine mammals. Over the years, using harnesses and marine glue, straps and cattle-ear-tag guns, scientists have attached all sorts of gizmos to the creatures mighty heads and shoulderscameras, GPS tags, depth sensors, heartbeat monitorsto measure where theyre going and what theyre doing way out there in the ocean. Every time we turned around, wed uncover some really cool fact or observation, says UCSC evolutionary biologist Daniel Costa, who first began studying these mammals in the mid-70s and now supervises all Ao Nuevo elephant seal research. Scientists here and elsewhere learned that elephant seals dive deeper (nearly 6,000 feet), swim farther (averaging more than 9,000 miles a year), and hold their breath longer (up to two hours) than any other seal. Only their cousins, the southern elephant seals, can hold their breath for as long as they canup to two hours. (Harbor seals, by comparison, can hold their breath just a half hour and go no deeper than 1,500 feet.) Males are more than three times the size of females, one of the biggest sex-based size differences among mammals. They arent just polygamous, but maybe the most polygamous of mammals, forming harems in which one male might mate with up to 100 females.

The extraordinary nature of this animal has already forced scientists to question the supposed limits of mammal physiology. These deep-diving, breath-holding, long-fasting creatures are closely related to other marine mammals that cant pull off such feats. The implication is that minor tweaks to mammal biology can translate to huge differences in ability. Elephant seals may even teach us how our own bodies function and what we might be capable of. For now, though, the question that preoccupies the scientists of Ao Nuevo is what will happen to the animals in a warming world. Climate change is poised to disrupt everything in the ocean in coming decades, from ocean currents to the location of the most and best fish. A new wave of research projects here probe whether these unusual mammals are resilient enough to keep thrivingwhether they will be extraordinary enough to cope with the huge changes heading their way.

The sands of Ao Nuevo were not always jammed with dozing seals. In the late 1880s, the northern elephant seal was thought to be extinct, decimated by blubber-hunters, until some naturalists found a tiny band of holdouts on an island off Mexicoand promptly killed most of them to take them home as specimens.

But elephant seals are nothing if not gritty, and a few survivors held on, slowly rebuilding their numbers. By the 1970s the seals began pupping and breeding at Ao Nuevo, just 30 minutes drive north of UC Santa Cruz and its world-class marine biology department. That proximity was a lucky stroke for researchers: The animals tolerate the humans who tiptoe amongst them. And as biological outliers, they offer a singular chance to study the outer fringes of mammalian performance.

The portly creatures that Robinson and I sneak past dont look like stupendous athletes. Yet for up to eight months of the year, they roam the remote eastern and central North Pacific, plunging way below the surface on nearly continuous foraging dives. Blubber analysis conducted by Chandra Goetsch in Costas lab indicates they eat deepwater prey like lanternfish, squid, and viperfish, and they eat a lot of it. In roughly seven months of migration, female seals gain an average of nearly 600 pounds, which can mean they nearly double their body weight.

As they dive, their hearts slow to below five beats a minute while blood flow to the muscles shuts offa trick that interests anesthesiologists who would like to stop circulation to a body part during surgery, then restart the flow without damage. Elephant seals can also surface from marathon dives to breathe for less than five minutes, then dive again. Theres a lot we dont understand about how they do that, says behavioral ecologist Birgitte McDonald of Moss Landing Marine Laboratories. The behavior seems to break physiological rules: If a Weddell seal, for instance, dives for more than 20 minutes, it uses up all its oxygen. Its muscles start dumping lactate into its blood, and the seal must breathe for 90 minutes or more before diving again.

The fact that these seals wander so widely, dive so deep, and reliably return to Ao Nuevo means they can also be employed as sensors to probe parts of the ocean that are difficult or expensive to measure. One student in Costas lab recently explored using data gathered by fluorescence meters attached to the seals to cheaply chart chlorophyll levels out in the North Pacific, measuring that all-important first link of the food chainthe phytoplankton and algae that ultimately feed everything else in the ocean, from baby fish to blue whales, and which indirectly reflect how windy or warm ocean conditions are.

Robinson and I reach our first destination: an observation deck overlooking Bight Beach, where roughly 75 northern elephant seals sprawl in the sun, females honking and rasping, their chocolate-brown pups beside them mewling and trilling. Theres just one enormous male down near the water, keeping watch. It looks like a day spa with a really scary bouncer.

In three-quarters of confrontations one of the males backs down before things get violent. In a species famed for aggression, theres actually way more talk than action.

He looks tense, for good reason. The privilege of breeding is reserved for just a few dominant males like him; 99 percent of elephant seal males never mate. This guy vanquished the competition, but the also-rans just wont stop trying. Elephant seal combat can be brutal: the bulls square off, rear up, then smash their chests together, rassling and shoving and gashing at one anothers shoulders and flanks with their teeth, leaving each other raw and bloody.

Even now, a male with a big glob of dried blood on his shoulder lurks at the top of the cove. Chances are, Scary Bouncer Seal caught him trying to get with his ladies and taught him a lesson. But although it is spectacular, bull vs. bull is rare, because it is just too draining. Reichmuth and her former graduate student Caroline Casey discovered a few years ago that the big brutes prefer to roar at each other rather than waste their energy on physical attack.

Here at this beach, the variety of sounds is indescribable, although I try: Asthmatic lion, I scribble in my notebook. Old outboard motor. Gargling drain. Strangling a Pomeranian. Above it all rises the long, throbbing snort-roar of that big guy near the water. (Bonus elephant seal freak fact: They are among the loudest of any land mammal.)

To understand what those calls mean and how they relate to breeding success, Reichmuth and Casey first mapped the bull hierarchy. They filmed confrontations between tagged males, recording the outcome of each standoff or fight. Because not all bulls fight one another directly, and because she couldnt track every last conflict, Casey used a method borrowed from competitive chess called the Elo system to assign each bull a comparative rank.

Next, they recorded each males voice and did playback experiments. The seals evidently understood the bellows: Middle-status males charged toward the speaker when they heard recorded calls of low-ranking bulls, but those same mid-rank guys fled from sounds made by alpha males. We were like, What is going on here? What are they saying to each other? Casey says. We wanted to decode the language of male elephant seals.

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Top males did not have lower voices or longer calls or share any other obvious characteristic. What Caseys analysis showed instead is that each males voice is distinctive and stays the same from year to year. The kicker: When she drove up to Point Reyes National Seashore and played her Ao Nuevo recordings to the elephant seal colony there, the bulls didnt react either way.

Her interpretation is the bulls recognize the voices of bulls theyve met and keep a mental ledger of whom theyve fought and who won, so as to avoid unnecessary and exhausting rematches. Its amazing, she says. It means that they have really good memory, and are able to manage and remember a lot of unique calls. Its also an effective conflict-avoidance strategy: in three-quarters of confrontations, she found, one of the males backs down before things get violent. In a species famed for aggression, theres actually way more talk than action.

While the bulls bluster and brawl, elephant seal females endure their own physiological marathon. Without eating or drinking, a mother produces nine pounds of milk per day during the roughly four weeks she nurses her pup. The rich milk fattens the pup, preparing it to survive alone on the beach for months after the mother returns to the sea.

Mother seals draw on their own fat reserves to do this, so its essential they arrive here at a healthy weight. The researchers at Ao Nuevo are careful not to disturb the animals too often or for too long, particularly mother-pup pairs. So to track their health, Robinson is developing creative ways to weigh them without disturbing them, such as using drones that estimate their size with photography. Today were hoping to weigh seal #9454, one of two dozen females who has been carrying a satellite tag that tracked her path through the Pacific. Robinson plans to link her route to her weight for a multidimensional view of where and how well she ate.

We spot her among a dozen other mothers, her chin propped on her plump days-old pup. The small satellite device epoxyed to her head gives her an aristocratic, eccentric look, like a drunken duchess at a garden party. As Robinsons drone hums above her, snapping pictures, she regally ignores it.

Weighing her unobtrusively is important because her reproductive success requires her to conserve her energy. All mothers move around, jockeying for space on the beach and warding off intrusive males. But much of a mothers energy goes into milk. When pups are first born, McDonald found, mothers produce milk thats 20 percent fat, skyrocketing to nearly 60 percent right before weaning. (By comparison, cows milk is only about 4 percent fat.) Despite the physical toll of producing milk while also fasting, elephant seal mothers will sometimes nurse both their own pup and an orphaned onean effort doomed to fail. To nurse a pup thats not your own, thats really difficult to explain, given what we know about elephant seals, says Reichmuths postdoctoral student Juliette Linossier.

One possibility is that the mothers just dont notice the difference. But that doesnt seem to be the case, Linossier has found. She shows me a video from last winter, in which she plays a recording of calls made by a random stranger pup to a seal mother, who barely reacts. But in response to a recording of sounds from her own pup, the mother snaps her head up and whips around to stare at the source. She flops a foot or two toward the speaker, clucking and barking and swiveling her head in search of her baby, which is actually right beside her.

Linossier is trying out scent-recognition tests too, using a fake pup fashioned from old wetsuits. To imbue her model with eau de pup, she creeps up on a sleeping baby and rubs it with a towel so gently that it doesnt wake up. She then attaches the towel to the neoprene suit and places it near the mother. (How does a baby elephant seal smell? Worse than a dog, Linossier reports.)

Its painstaking, slow-moving research, because she must be careful not to upset the sealsboth for the animals sake and in order to truly understand mother-pup interactions. Linossier has yet to analyze her data, but what shes seen so far suggests that seals hear and maybe even smell the difference between their own and another mothers pup. If nursing a strange pup is no dumb mistake, one possible explanation lies in the genes. Since one male can sire dozens of pups each year, many of the seals on the beach are related, and the mothers may be actually feeding distant kin. Linossiers next plan: genetic tests to determine relatedness.

The northern elephant seal population now numbers about 150,000 and is spreading north. The seals normally molt on California beaches, but last summer, two elephant seals from Southern California were spotted onshore in Alaska, where theyve almost never been seen before. Its a hopeful sign. Maybe they will be able to seize new opportunitiesan essential skill in an era when climate change may transform everything these animals know.

Elephant seals seem to be creatures of habit, returning to the same spots to feed and to breed every year. In a changing world, that faithful tendency could become a problem. Their preferred pupping grounds may get swamped by rising seas. The beaches where they haul out to molt may get too hot. And in the future, as waters warm and currents shift, their favorite foraging spots may no longer provide fish by the ton. During El Nio years when the central Pacific becomes warmer than usual, the seals have had trouble finding foodpossibly a preview of whats to come.

Are they too preprogrammed to adapt, or are they flexible enough to say, This space isnt working out, Ill go somewhere else? asks graduate student Rachel Holser, whose research focuses on decision-making. To investigate this question, she cant interfere with the seals fishing grounds or experimentally warm the water the creatures swim in. Instead, she uses a type of experiment common in behavior research: measuring an animals response to something its never seen before to determine how risk-averse it is. Its responses tend to be consistent across different situations: A bold animal will probably be more willing to explore new places; one that flees from an unfamiliar object will tend to stick with what it knows.

For the test, she stripped a radio-controlled toy truck down to its chassis, outfitting it with a speaker and a GoPro video camera. Then she loaded it up with a recording of the T. rex roar from Jurassic Park. (Alternative experimental stimulus: the screech of Godzilla.)

Are they too preprogrammed to adapt, or are they flexible enough to say, This space isnt working out, Ill go somewhere else?

At her desk in the Institute of Marine Sciences in Santa Cruz, she shows me video of the experiment. The GoPro image jolts and shudders as the tricked-out car crawls across the beach toward a cluster of seals. It halts roughly 10 feet from a female, who stares into the camera and grunts.

A few minutes later, we hear the bellow of T. rex, and all six seals pivot toward the camera. Holser says this is about as big a reaction as she gets out of most seals, who quickly lose interest in the contraption. That female with the death stare, however, is one of the exceptions. Another dinosaur roar, and she charges right at the camera, pink mouth gaping wide, grunting angrilythe video captures her whole palate vibrating as she barks.

After decades of research, Ao Nuevo scientists have a pretty good idea of how much disturbance the animals can tolerate without lasting effects. They carefully weigh any potential impact on fitness, like the energy wasted on confronting a radio-controlled gizmo, against the gain of better understandingin this case, how this seal and her kin might deal with other unexpected situations. The majority of animals return to normal behavior within two to five minutes, Holser says, and this seal is no exception. While shes clearly not thrilled about the interruption, the whole drama blows over very quickly.

Holser must still analyze these data, but you dont need to be a scientist to grasp that this particular seal has little fear of the unknown. Whats less clear is what that implies about her future, that of her pups, and, really, of the whole colony at Ao Nuevo. Is an aggressive female a better mom, because she protects her pup, or is she worse because shes running around the beach wasting her energy? says Holser. We dont know what the answer is.

On the screen, the seal grunts one more time, then backs off with a last dirty look. And then this extraordinary animalthis exceptional survivor, this rule-breaker among mammals, this fearless challenger of unexpected scientific thingamajigslays her head back down on the sand and drifts back to sleep.

Continued here:
Meet The Deep-Diving, Ear-Splitting 4,500-Pound Rock Star of Ao Nuevo - - Bay Nature

Many of us biologists conduct fieldwork in diverse places, from Alaska to the tropics, from aiming to understand how microbes are responding to climate change in the boreal soils to learning about life history strategies and co-evolutionary arms races of bats, their ectoparasitic flies, and the ectoparasitic fungi living on those flies.

The days before fieldwork tend to be hectic: make a checklist to make sure you have everything you need, think about a plan B (and a plan C, just in case), anticipate drawbacks and plan on how to address them, and the list goes on and on. The day comes. You make it to your field site, you collect the samples you want, obtain the data you need, everything works out just like planned, and you make it back to the lab safe, on time, and without going over your planned budget. This is how it should be, but it never really goes like that.

Fieldwork is one of the most exciting experiences about doing research. It is also, in many cases, high-risk. During fieldwork, many things can go wrong, and most of those things cannot be helped. We cannot control the appearances of massive puddles in the middle of the road, critically damaging our transportation vehicles. We cannot control the thunderstorm that makes our study organisms disappear when we finally arrive at a remote field site after hours of climbing a mud-covered mountain.

Sadly, this is not always the case for threats to our integrity as human beings, and we, as a scientific community, have done far too little to address this problem. People from underrepresented groups in the sciences such as people of color, women, and those who identify as LGBTQIA+ or gender nonconforming often are at higher risk of suffering abuse during fieldwork. This comes in the form of sexual harassment, sexual abuse, discrimination, and intimidation. Scientists who have experienced abuse often fear talking about it because they are traumatized and because they fear retaliation and backlash, especially if the perpetrators of abuse are colleagues or superiors advisers and people at higher career stage.

In Spring 2018, we carried out an anonymous survey to collect testimonies of what scientists, specifically from the LGBTQIA+ community, experience during fieldwork. The idea for such a survey sprouted from concerns that sexual orientation or gender identity may play an unwanted or unwarranted role in peoples professional career. Especially during fieldwork, when Diversity and Inclusion Offices from our university campuses are far away, LGBTQIA+ researchers are exposed to people who may not agree with their sexual orientation or who do not understand why he may want to be addressed as they.

Responses revealed experiences ranging from discrimination to situations that made researchers decide to no longer perform fieldwork outside of safe places. This adds a whole new level to fieldwork stress, namely having to evaluate sites for their tolerance towards LGBTQIA+. In one story from fieldwork, men voiced discomfort because an openly gay man would share a room with them while, simultaneously, women felt uncomfortable due to the possibility of having to share a room with someone from the opposite sex. Another survey respondent described that they were fearful to carry out fieldwork in places that are recognized for their homophobic culture. These experiences leave people feeling isolated and rejected.

We present a few strategies that we can instill in STEM fields to avoid cases like these:

1) INFORM PEOPLE ABOUT LGBTQIA+. Erase any misinformation that may exist. For example, a gay man is not a threat to the sexuality of cisgender males. Institutions can facilitate trainings on diversity and inclusiveness and provide information on the LGBTQIA+ community to eliminate negative stereotypes.

2) HAVE SUFFICIENT FUNDING AVAILABLE FOR FIELDWORK. Although sometimes it's unavoidable to share rooms due to limited budget or space, if there is the possibility to do so, provide individual lodging for people traveling to fieldwork or conferences. Especially for those who ask for it.

3) DEVELOP AN EMERGENCY PROTOCOL. As a lab, department, or institution, develop a protocol that scientists can follow as a response to experiencing a threat to their integrity. Protocols like this should be part of a broader departmental or university-wide mission statement about equity in field work. The bar has been set high by this example of a mission statement written by University of California Irvine professor Kathleen Treseder.

4) AVOID INTOLERANT AREAS. It is important to note that this does not only apply to countries like Niger and Tunisia where discriminatory laws expose LGBTQIA+ individuals to the risk of death penalty. It also applies close to home, in the USA, where there is an ongoing debate about public restrooms and which one transgender people and people who identify as gender-nonconforming should use.

5) IMPLEMENT A ZERO-TOLERANCE POLICY. Inform everyone in your lab, department and institution that there is a zero-tolerance policy regarding abuse. A code of conduct with expected versus unaccepted behavior and practices should always be made available through trainings and in field stations.

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DNA barcodes help identify fish eggs and inform conservation - Massive Science

A newly discovered mutation in the gene EGR2causes a severe form of Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease type 3 (CMT3), according to a case report of a 56-year-old patient.

The report, titled A de novo EGR2 variant, c.1232A>G p.Asp411Gly, causes severe early-onset Charcot-Marie-Tooth Neuropathy Type 3 (Dejerine-Sottas Neuropathy), was publishedinScientific Reports.

Mutations in more than 90 genes have been documented as causing CMT, and influence the way the disease presents itself from patient to patient. Among the known CMT-causing genes is EGR2 (early growth response 2), which codes for a protein of the same name.

EGR2 is a transcription factor a protein that helps regulate how genes are expressed in a cell, that is, which genes are turned on or off. Specifically, EGR2 helps control the expression of genes needed for neurons to function properly.

Mutations that impair the ability of the EGR2 protein to perform this function have previously been linked to CMT3, also known asDejerine-Sottas diseasein its more severe forms, and to CMT4E.

The severity and onset of peripheral neuropathy [nerve disease] caused by EGR2 variants is highly heterogenous [varied], and it is yet to be determined why this broad phenotypic [symptomatic] variability exists, the researchers wrote.

In the case report, they describe a male patient who was 56 at the time of publication.

His symptoms, including abnormal fatigue and difficulty walking, were first noted when he was two. A nerve biopsy at the age of six confirmed a diagnosis of severe CMT3.

The patient experienced ongoing complications throughout childhood and into young adulthood, including the development of scoliosis, recurring migraines, and difficulty walking. At age 15, the patient required ankle surgery to stabilize the joint.

Examinations performed when he was in his 30s showed physical abnormalities, including muscle wasting in the extremities, lack of normal reflexes, and tremors. Additionally, nerve conduction studies (which measure how effectively nerves in the body can transmit electric signals) revealed significant functional deficits, and imaging of the brain revealed multiple lesions indicative of damage, including severe demyelinating (loss of the protective myelin layer around nerves) motor and sensory neuropathy.

By age 56, the patients motor functioning was severely impaired, and he was unable to write, or use a knife and fork.

Genetic sequencing studies were performed to identify the underlying cause of his severe form of CMT. Initial studies identified several genetic variations that were possible candidates; however, further analysis revealed that some of these were present in the patients relatives who did not have any of his symptoms, making it unlikely that those variants were the cause.

The analysis did suggest one variant as the cause: a mutation in EGR2called either c.1232A>G or p.Asp411Gly, referring to the specific substitution at the DNA and protein levels, respectively.

Further analyses including computer modeling and a comparison of EGR2 sequences across various species indicated that this mutation changed a particular part of the EGR2 protein that is likely important to the proteins ability to function properly. As such, it would be expected that the mutation, by altering this crucial part, would stop the protein from working as well.

To test this idea, the researchers constructed a model using cells in lab dishes. In simple terms, the cells were engineered with a gene encoding a fluorescent protein that could be turned on by the EGR2 protein. The cells were then given either mutated or wild type (normal) versions of EGR2, and the researchers measured how much of the fluorescent protein was produced indirectly measuring how well each type of EGR2 protein turned the gene on.

Cells with the mutated protein produced significantly less of the fluorescent protein, supporting the idea that the mutation impairs the proteins ability to function.

[W]ehave determined that a de novo missense EGR2 variant, c.1232A>G p.Asp411Gly, causes a severe and early onset [CMT3] phenotype by reducing the capacity for EGR2 to function as a transcription factor, the researchers wrote.

The phenotype [observable profile] is complicated by clinical features of white matter lesions and FMH [familial hemiplegic migraine] which may be a chance association, although it would be important to consider the possibility of central nervous system involvement in future cases of EGR2-related neuropathies [nerve diseases], they said.

Marisa holds an MS in Cellular and Molecular Pathology from the University of Pittsburgh, where she studied novel genetic drivers of ovarian cancer. She specializes in cancer biology, immunology, and genetics. Marisa began working with BioNews in 2018, and has written about science and health for SelfHacked and the Genetics Society of America. She also writes/composes musicals and coaches the University of Pittsburgh fencing club.

Total Posts: 13

Margarida graduated with a BS in Health Sciences from the University of Lisbon and a MSc in Biotechnology from Instituto Superior Tcnico (IST-UL). She worked as a molecular biologist research associate at a Cambridge UK-based biotech company that discovers and develops therapeutic, fully human monoclonal antibodies.

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New CMT Type 3 Mutation Discovered in EGR2 Gene in Severe Case - Charcot-Marie-Tooth News

Cholesterol-lowering statin medications have been at the forefront of managing cardiovascular disease for several decades now. Why? Its because a large body of research supports their benefits in reducing the risk of heart attack and stroke.

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The drugs have become so universally used that if you havent been prescribed a statin already, chances are you will at some point.

Preventive cardiologist Luke Laffin, MD, says statins lower your LDL ( or bad) cholesterol, which is associated with a reduced risk of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. (Thats the buildup of cholesterol, fatty cells and inflammatory depositson the inner walls of your arteries aka hardening or clogging of the arteries).

Additionally, statins lower inflammation, which we know is a factor that causes atherosclerosis and cardiovascular disease, Dr. Laffin says.

Yet, despite their many benefits, statins (like all medications) have some important side effects you need to know about. So, review the risks and benefits of these important medications with your physician, and discuss your need for statin therapy.

Statins inhibit the action of an enzyme thats responsible for cholesterol production in your liver. In the process, they significantly reduce LDL and total cholesterol, while also having beneficial effects on HDL (good) cholesterol, triglycerides and inflammation. Some evidence suggests that high-intensity statin therapy may help to slow, and potentially reverse, the growth of artery-clogging atherosclerotic plaques. They may also make them less prone to rupture and cause heart attacks and strokes.

There are good data to suggest that the more LDL lowering we can achieve, the lower the risk of adverse cardiac events such as strokes and heart attacks, Dr. Laffin explains.

Although statins all belong to the same drug class, they differ in how potent they are and how much they can lower LDL cholesterol.

Your doctor will use a tool like the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association risk calculator and other factors to gauge your long-term risk of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease, determine if you need statin therapy, and if so, which one.

The statins are generally taken once daily and are available in generic forms. Its important to note that atorvastatin and rosuvastatin really are the workhorses of cardiology and statins at this point, Dr. Laffin adds. A lot of pharmacies typically will have one of the high-intensity statins. Theyre inexpensive and easy to obtain. In my experience, 99% of insurance companies cover at least one of them, and more than 75% cover both of them.

Guidelines from the American College of Cardiology and American Heart Association recommend statin therapy for:

* These factors include a family history of ASCVD, LDL levels persistently 160 mg/dL, triglyceride levels persistently 175 mg/dL, chronic kidney disease, ethnicity, inflammatory diseases, metabolic syndrome, and (in certain people, if measured) results of high-sensitivity C-reactive protein, lipoprotein(a), and apolipoprotein B. Note: The guidelines recommend considering coronary artery calcium scoring for people at intermediate risk in whom a decision about starting statin treatment remains uncertain.

Elevated liver enzymes. In addition to more common side effects such as headache and nausea, statins occasionally may cause increases in liver enzymes, suggesting liver inflammation. However, the latest ACC/AHA guidelines recommend liver-enzyme testing only for statin users who are at higher risk or have symptoms that may suggest liver toxicity. Furthermore, statins may cause small elevations in blood sugar, enough to push some people into the range of type 2 diabetes. But, we know that the benefits of statins outweigh that small increase in blood glucose across multiple populations, Dr. Laffin notes.

Mental fogginess. While some studies have identified positive effects of statins on cognitive function, some users have reported problems like mental fogginess and forgetfulness, which go away after stopping the drug. Overall, though, large-scale clinical trials dont suggest an increase in cognitive problems associated with statin use, Dr. Laffin says.

Muscle pain. One of the most noteworthy side effects associated with statin therapy is muscle aching and stiffness, which can be more severe as the statin dose and potency increase and may make some people intolerant to the drugs. Certain statins in particular, atorvastatin and simvastatin are more likely to cause these side effects, while others, like rosuvastatin and pravastatin, have less of an effect.

Some treatable conditions (like thyroid dysfunction and severe vitamin D deficiency) may contribute to statin intolerance. So may consuming large quantities of grapefruit (or juice) and taking certain medications. Addressing these factors may ease or prevent statin-related muscle effects. Also, some people have found that taking coenzyme Q10 supplements may help, although the ACC/AHA guidelines dont recommend their use.

Its important not to stop taking your statin and to report any muscle side effects to your physician. Your doctor may switch you to a less-potent statin, change the dose, or explore alternative dosing strategies. This may include taking the drugs every other day or less frequently. With some perseverance, you and your physician can develop a statin regimen that works for you.

Usually, you can find at least some dose of statin that people can tolerate, even if it is just a couple times a week, Dr. Laffin says. If you absolutely cannot tolerate a statin at any dose, then we have other medications we can use, such as ezetimibe (Zetia) or newer drugs known as PCSK9 inhibitors: alirocumab (Praluent) and evolocumab (Repatha).

Age is the most significant risk factor for atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. However, the risks and benefits of statins must be carefully considered in older populations, especially those with health problems.

Older adults, as a whole, may be more likely than their younger counterparts to experience serious side effects from statins. Many seniors take multiple medications, making them more likely to experience adverse medication interactions with a statin. Importantly, seniors with other medical conditions that shorten their life expectancy may not reap the benefits of statin therapy.

So, if youre over age 75 and especially if you have other health problems discuss the pros and cons of statin therapy with your physician, Dr. Laffin advises.

The effects of statins are usually over the long termwere talking five to 10 years in terms of cardiovascular risk reduction, he explains. So, you have to balance the risk of taking another medicine versus whether you are going to die from something else in those five to 10 years. I think its very reasonable for someone who has other competing comorbidities to talk about deprescribing statins.

This article first appeared in Cleveland Clinic Mens Health Advisor.

Original post:
What You Should Expect From Statin Therapy - Health Essentials from Cleveland Clinic

It happened quickly and quietly. In fact, it was the silence that made David Brosh wonder why the familys two white Westies, taking a quick bedtime potty break, hadnt barked to come back inside.

On a frigid Sunday night in early December, he let them into the tiny yard behind their Parker home. It was dark until Chloe and Chuffys presence activated the motion-sensor floodlights. Beyond the 42-inch split-rail fence, webbed with wire fencing so the dogs wouldnt get out, a large swath of open space near Newlin Gulch had been blanketed by a recent snow.

Minutes later, when David stepped outside to check on the dogs, a coyote turned to meet his gaze just as it trotted into the shadows beyond the reach of the floodlights. It appeared to have Chloe, all 17 pounds of her, in its mouth.

David grabbed a flashlight, hopped the fence and followed the tracks as far as he could into the gulch, until they mixed with lots of other tracks and disappeared into some low brush. No sign of Chloe. When he returned to the yard, he saw 25-pound Chuffy lying in the snow, seriously injured. He called to his wife, Mardee, that they needed to get to the vet.

From there, the hours unraveled in a nightmare of tenuous hope for Chuffys survival from his neck wounds and the continued search for Chloe that yielded little more than a trail of reddish splotches in the snow.

Daylight revealed what looked like tracks from two coyotes in the Broshes yard. Meanwhile, surgery on Chuffy ended with a hopeless diagnosis. The couple made the decision to put him down.

They were the heart of our family, Mardee says, and got me through so many difficult times. You know, you get really attached to your dogs.

On top of their sorrow, word of similar coyote encounters throughout the rapidly growing community southeast of Denver heightened the couples concern. Theyve lived in their house for more than eight years and perhaps twice have seen coyotes venture this close until suddenly, reports of sightings, and particularly attacks on dogs, have spiked.

Wildlife experts say the situation reflects a recurring phenomenon, a cycle of coyote activity that ebbs and flows throughout the so-called urban-wildland interface and now, well into the urban core literally from Los Angeles to New York.

It does seem periodic, says Kristin Cannon, an area wildlife manager with Colorado Parks and Wildlife. Well go several years where theres no issues, or very minor ones. Coyotes are pretty ubiquitous anymore, but as far as conflicts with people, and with pets, that seems to flare up every few years one place or another. Because conflicts are so common, its hard to quantify.

Many communities along the Front Range have an official coyote management plan, which largely defines levels of interaction with the animals and prescribes at what point, and how, action may be taken to mitigate problems.

Attacks on humans tend to be the tipping point. And while lethal removal looms as an available tool, the emphasis remains on education and adapting human behavior. That strategy reflects the reality that coyotes, despite historical campaigns to eradicate them, have been a fixture on the continent for upwards of five million years.

And theyre not going away. As longtime coyote researcher Dan Flores, author of Coyote America, succinctly puts it: Resistance is futile.

The flurry of coyote activity in and around Parker marks yet another chapter of a centuries-long conversation surrounding the uncommonly adaptable creatures, one that ranges from todays real-time online postings to historical writings that freighted it with cultural meaning.

Its been an animated dialogue, in every sense.

Early periods of enthusiastic hostility toward the animal have dissolved into more recent arguments for coexistence. European explorers scouting the West initially didnt know what to make of coyotes, or even what to call them. From that uncertainty, the coyote eventually became a fixture in American culture, for better and worse.

MORE: Read more wildlife stories from The Colorado Sun.

In many Native American cultures, the coyote appears as an avatar for humans. Tales handed down through generations employ it as a four-legged metaphor, precisely for the way it holds a mirror to human behavior. Native to North America, the coyotes howl, Flores contends, is our original national anthem.

In early America, the disparagement of coyotes grew from the cross-pollination of politics and culture. Flores traced references to coyotes in 19th-century American literature and settled on Mark Twains humorous excerpt from Roughing It in 1872 as the launching pad for what became coyotes dismal reputation.

Twain writes, in part: He is always hungry. He is always poor, out of luck and friendless. The meanest creatures despise him He is so spiritless and cowardly that even while his exposed teeth are pretending a threat, the rest of his face is apologizing for it.

By the 1920s, even Scientific American inserted the coyote as the shifty trickster-villain in a contemporary political allegory in which it argued that good Americans, if they spy one, should shoot it on sight for patriotic reasons because the coyote is the original Bolshevik.

Much disdain for coyotes originated within the livestock industry, whose assets run afoul of predatory animals. And that, Flores says, led to an agency of the federal government, then called the Bureau of Biological Survey, seizing on the opportunity to brand itself, in the early 20th century, as the antidote to predation. It proved an effective strategy to guarantee congressional funding.

Colorado played a pivotal role in the extermination efforts that followed. The Eradication Methods Laboratory, which designed and manufactured the means to kill massive numbers of mostly wolves and coyotes, began producing strychnine in Albuquerque. But in 1921 it moved operations to Denver where, Flores writes in Coyote America, it would go on to perfect an amazing witchs brew of ever more efficient, ever deadlier pesticides.

Even the eradication campaign came with what Flores calls a concerted PR effort to demonize coyotes. Powered by a series of pre-packaged stories from the Biological Survey, he says, major publications all across the country ran fictionalized accounts that cast certain nuisance animals, including the coyote, as Al Capone-style gangsters. Those who would destroy them were cast as heroic G-men.

Its a Frankenstein story thats of our own making.

Wolves were essentially wiped out in the U.S. by 1925. But coyotes, despite lacking a public relations campaign of their own, more than survived attempts to snuff them. They flourished. So what did they have that wolves didnt?

In simple terms, coyotes can live in groups, when its advantageous. But when its not, they can disperse into pairs or even solitary individuals and scatter across the landscape, making them difficult to locate and eliminate.

Wolves are pure pack animals, and hunters discovered if you can track one of the animals in a pack, you can use its scent to prepare bait and get every one in the pack, Flores says. But coyotes dont have the same pack adhesion. Thats the single advantage over wolves that allowed them to survive.

So the eradication strategy backfired. Not only did the campaign not wipe them out, but it triggered colonization. When coyotes sense their numbers dwindling, the number of pups in their litters grows larger a phenomenon called compensatory breeding.

MORE: Colorado Springs downtown creek has long been viewed as a blight. Then one man started catching trout in it.

Coyotes migrated all over the country and grew comfortable in urban areas, where they face no natural predators, no hunters shooting at them from helicopters, no leg traps or poisons. Plus, urban areas attract plenty of smaller animals, like rabbits, squirrels, rats and mice, that provide a ready food source.

Its a Frankenstein story thats of our own making, Flores says.

But by the early 1960s, a cultural icon took a stand for the lowly coyote. Walt Disney, whose catalog of film and television productions adopted ecological advocacy in its infancy, in 1961 produced an hour-long feature for Walt Disneys Wonderful World of Color, a show that already had a reputation as appointment TV. The animated piece was called The Coyotes Lament and marked the first of six TV or movie features Disney would produce on coyotes.

And while that was happening, you had the Wile E. Coyote and Roadrunner cartoon, Flores notes.

While not exactly heroic, Wile E. Coyote presents at least a sympathetic image of the coyote. Hes humiliated by the Roadrunner at almost every turn, and his efforts to employ technology fail miserably. But he never gives up.

After a four-decade campaign to brainwash Americans, suddenly the pop culture movement portrayed the coyote in a different light, Flores says. That makes a lot of difference.

Considering their tarnished reputation, coyotes ability to adapt and survive has been nothing short of astounding.

For all the talk of how human development has encroached on animals natural habitat, the coyote has turned the tables. A recent story in National Geographic reported that coyotes actually have increased their range by 40% since the 1950s, can be found in every state except Hawaii, have become established in Central America and are expected to appear soon in South America.

Mary Ann Bonnell, a ranger for Jefferson County open space, has published research on coyotes and stars in widely viewed YouTube videos on wildlife that make her an in-demand source on dealing with urban arrivals. She can almost track their territorial expansion simply by picking up the phone.

Currently, its the D.C. area and New York City, she says of the calls seeking advice. Here in Colorado, we already went through that whole arc: In the early 2010s people were going, Heres this apex predator thats moved into the neighborhood, what does that mean? What happens to my dog? All these burning questions, all valid. Those residents have a quick learning curve to figure things out and make changes and understand what it means to have coyotes in the community.

Meanwhile, researchers in Colorado continue to keep tabs on coyotes everything from their interaction with humans to their diet and genetic clues that may offer insight into their adaptive behavior. But whats going on when we see an uptick in coyotes encounters with people and unusually fearless behavior that can include attacks on pets?

Stewart Breck, a researcher with the U.S. Department of Agricultures National Wildlife Research Center based in Fort Collins, also specializes in urban coyotes. He has a good idea whats going on. In fact, he sees two things.

First, urban coyotes tend to be bolder and more explorative, he notes. Breck drew this conclusion from research comparing coyotes in Denver to those that inhabit rural areas, which confirmed the behavior pattern. Similar studies have been repeated in many areas around the country.

Currently, its the D.C. area and New York City. Here in Colorado, we already went through that whole arc.

Second, researchers have identified certain problem individuals that appear periodically in urban environments. These bad actors tend to be responsible for most of the unusual conflicts with people. Studies on this phenomenon kicked into gear locally 10 years ago, when multiple people in Broomfield reported being bitten by coyotes. In 2011, coyotes in the area also bit three children.

That got a lot of people asking the same question youre asking, Breck says.

Cannon, the wildlife manager for CPW, says that when the first child was bitten in Broomfield, CPW made an effort to lethally remove the culprit. The problem is that coyotes tend to look the same and live in social groups, making it difficult to pinpoint the problem. When the second child was bitten, CPW responded again and eliminated more coyotes and repeated the process again after the third biting incident.

Finally, we were able to catch up with the correct coyote and the behavior stopped, Cannon says. Its hard to say why theyre behaving that way, if there was one or more than one, but it took multiple operations on our part before we eliminated the one. It wasnt for lack of trying, but its difficult to lethally manage coyotes in an urban setting.

Despite the troubling incidents, Broomfield has maintained a fairly conservative, hands-off approach with regard to coyotes that leans on measures like education and sometimes closing down open spaces if issues arise leaving removal as a last resort, Cannon says.

In 2009, Greenwood Village responded to a years worth of sightings and attacks on dogs which culminated with a teenage boy fending off a coyote in a local park by hiring Jay Stewarts Animal Damage Control to kill the problem animals. The subsequent media attention activated animal rights advocates, and their protests ignited what Stewart recalls as a fiasco that demonstrated the strong feelings humans have on both sides of the coyote issue and aborted his efforts.

Later, Stewart notes, a client who lived adjacent to the park where the well-publicized attack on the boy had occurred told him that people in the area had felt sorry for the coyotes and had been feeding them. Its not unlike the problem that has vexed wildlife authorities in other areas, where the same type of human behavior also has emboldened many bears, which then become so comfortable around people that they have to be put down.

Things go south when that happens, Stewart says. Even though it was a bad thing in the park with that kid, that problem was human-caused. Because they were being fed, it probably walked up to that kid thinking it would get something.

Stewart gets far fewer calls about coyotes than he used to because many jurisdictions have developed coyote management plans that emphasize education and hazing the animals as a primary means of dealing with them. When they need removal, they turn to state and federal agencies to handle the situation, or even local police.

Greenwood Village, which draws on Bonnells expertise, fine-tuned its coyote management plan over the past several years. It has seen a remarkable decline in incidents, says Cmdr. Joe Gutgsell, who oversees coyote management for the citys police department.

Since 2013, Greenwood Village has hosted an annual community meeting to familiarize residents with policies and recommendations for how to minimize coyote problems. It also has started a detailed reporting program that allows Gutgsell to chart location and frequency of incidents and, as a result, respond more effectively when necessary.

When circumstances do call for removal, Gutgsell says the police department has a selective and organized process that calls on two designated officers both firearms instructors to handle the problem. The city no longer contracts removal or relies on CPW.

Bonnell speaks at the yearly neighborhood meetings, and the city provides both printed and digital versions of an informational brochure that cover topics like normal coyote activity, leash laws that can help protect pets and admonitions against feeding wildlife.

We dont remove coyotes for being coyotes. We dont lethally control a coyote that becomes habituated to people and comfortable in urban neighborhoods.

While Gutgsell acknowledges that some of the recent decline in incidents may be due to simple luck and natural migration, the numbers over the past five years have been encouraging. In 2015, the city fielded 26 reports of coyote incidents involving pets, a number that includes both injuries and fatalities. When that number spiked the next year to 46, more than 100 residents showed up to the annual meeting, where they got a heavy dose of prevention education.

In 2017, the number fell to 20, then to five and finally, last year, to just a single reported incident.

There was no cause to remove any of the animals and only a few residents even showed up for the annual management meeting.

Bonnell calls it a model program, and notes that the city learned a lot from the 2009 debacle. She adds that communities in the Denver metro area that have taken advantage of templates offered for management plans (among others, the Humane Society of the United States has produced a sample plan) and that stress education tend to be best equipped to deal with coyotes as opposed to those that wait for a problem to emerge and then call Colorado Parks and Wildlife for help.

Coyotes are smart creatures and tend to work the system, she says. You have to be proactive. But because humans are hard to train, we usually dont do anything till something bad happens. Its hard to sell coyote education if nothing bad is happening.

CPWs Cannon notes that most plans she has seen respond to sightings with education or signs warning of coyotes presence. And some plans allow for lethal response when coyotes pose a threat or injure a person and often delegate that job to her agency.

We dont remove coyotes for being coyotes, she says. We dont lethally control a coyote that becomes habituated to people and comfortable in urban neighborhoods. And we dont remove coyotes that prey on pets. Theyre similar to its natural prey source, so its natural behavior for coyotes, unfortunately, and the onus is on the pet owner to supervise their pet when they live near coyotes.

While measures such as motion-sensor flood lights and even noisemakers like air horns are encouraged, especially for people living alongside open space or parks, the question of a homeowner using firearms to try to eliminate a problem coyote can raise legal issues. State law allows use of lethal force to prevent damage on your own property, but many urban jurisdictions have laws regarding discharge of firearms that could conflict with that method.

MORE: Remember the Fort Collins trail runner who killed an attacking mountain lion? Heres what his life has been like since.

For all practical purposes, its not an option, Cannon says.

The USDAs Breck adds that in most cases, elimination doesnt solve what people might think it will. Consider what experts call coyote math: 1 minus 1 equals 1. And the adage that holds: If you kill one coyote, six will come to the funeral. Targeting bad actors is one thing. Culling the pack is a pipe dream.

In light of that calculus, one helpful tactic is hazing, which involves non-lethal measures from making noise when coyotes become too comfortable to chucking rocks to intimidate them into shying away from humans.

Most coyotes in urban areas are not going to be a problem, Breck says. Theyll do what coyotes do, and youll hardly notice theyre around. The idea that we need to get in there and shoot them is not what Im recommending. That is not going to work, and not necessary.

On a national scale, coyotes still are eliminated, but primarily to protect livestock. Farmers and ranchers claim millions of dollars in economic losses. In 2018, according to the USDA, more than 68,000 coyotes were killed by a variety of methods. Nearly half were shot from either fixed-wing planes or helicopters. In five agricultural states, not including Colorado, more than 5,600 were poisoned with so-called cyanide bombs, a method re-approved for use last month by the Environmental Protection Agency (with some additional safeguards) over objections from conservation groups.

No coyote attacks on humans have been reported in Parker, according to police. But suddenly, neighbors throughout the area were seeing coyotes everywhere. And some exhibited unnerving behavior including additional attacks on dogs.

Parker police noted an uptick in sightings, but remained unaware of the dog deaths until the Broshes filed their report on Chloe. In fact, since mid-November, they have a record of just six calls for service involving coyotes five sightings and one dog fatality.

Meanwhile, a multitude of postings on the online neighborhood bulletin board Nextdoor warned when coyotes were spotted and reported incidents including attacks on dogs. Mardee says a neighbor filtered all the various accounts and counted 10 unique cases of dogs that were killed in the area in and around Parker.

That disparity with law enforcements records underscores the need for further public education, says Parker police spokesman Josh Hans. While law enforcement can post notices on Nextdoor, it isnt allowed to monitor the bulletin boards, so it relies on direct reporting from residents.

From the information reported to us, it doesnt make (coyotes) seem like an issue, Hans says. In the next month or two, we need to start getting some messaging out. Its great that people are letting their neighbors know so they can be watchful. But if theyre not telling us, we cant do anything about it.

In recent days, the Broshes installed video cameras outside their house in the hope of learning more about coyote activity. They would prefer a back fence higher than just 42 inches along their border with open space, but neighborhood covenants dictate the lower, split-rail style that leaves pets more vulnerable. They had the motion-activated flood lights installed, and always checked before letting Chloe and Chuffy loose in the backyard.

I dont want to have to worry about going to the mailbox and having to take pepper spray. I just want to be safe in my own neighborhood.

Mardee figures one or more of the coyotes from what appears to be a den in the gulch simply traced the fence line, checking the yards for possible prey. And when they got to mine, they just hopped the fence because my dogs were there. So we think theyve been actively hunting in the yards.

But her concerns run beyond her own loss.

Weve heard from other folks, people walking on the trail down here being harassed when theyre hiking with their dogs, which I can see because that den is very close to where the trail runs through, she says. And now people are saying theyre seeing them further up into the neighborhood.

Its not that I hate coyotes, she adds. We thought they were cool. I just dont want them in my yard. And I dont want them attacking people when theyre walking their dogs on the trail. I dont want to have to worry about going to the mailbox and having to take pepper spray. I just want to be safe in my own neighborhood.

Bonnell, the Jeffco open space ranger, conjectures that possibly a new pair of coyotes which mate for life moved into the neighborhood and were denning in preparation for a litter of new pups. And at least one is dog-aggressive, protecting territory by removing competition, she says.

The timing, if this has all happened in the last couple of months, makes sense, she adds. Right around the time we switch from daylight savings to standard time, you begin to see the dog awareness where coyotes are escorting dog walkers away from their den or even attacking and killing dogs. Theres an increase in conflict right around that time. Theyre establishing territory for the family thats coming.

CPWs Cannon empathizes with the frustration of people worried for their pets.

Theyre not wild animals, theyre family members, she says. And its extremely difficult when people are facing tragedy like that, for us to come in and say, Well, thats a coyotes natural prey source.

On top of that, she recognizes the inconvenience of having to constantly keep an eye on your pets, even on your own property, to ensure they dont fall victim.

I have dogs and a big backyard I like to let them run around in, she says. I understand what a burden that is, to think in order to protect your pet, you need to go out with them every single time and keep them on a leash. I just dont know that theres an alternative solution thats going to alleviate that. Its kind of a reality.

And so the conversation about coyotes continues. The interaction of humans and wildlife has become a hot area of research, and Joanna Lambert, a professor of environmental studies at the University of Colorado Boulder, has bitten off a considerable chunk almost literally.

Shes looking at what coyotes eat in different environments and how that may have changed their genetic makeup, which in turn might explain certain behaviors, particularly in urban environments. More precisely, her research examines whether there are particular genes involved with the digestion of carbohydrates in human food.

Dogs evolved the capacity to extract energy from starchy carbs, in a way wild wolves dont, Lambert says. Were looking at whether theres evidence of the same process in coyotes. A lot of other questions asked about coyotes are very difficult to distinguish between whether the behaviors were seeing are the result of learned behavior or genetics. Its very complicated. Were tackling that problem from a slightly different angle, looking at the food part and if the genome has shifted toward human food.

Lambert also has two graduate students pursuing studies related to coyote-human interaction in the Denver and Broomfield areas. One seeks input from people who frequent local parks and open space about their perceptions of whether coyotes have become more aggressive, curious or bold. Another student is tracking whether coyotes are more or less likely to avoid humans when more humans are present such as during a busy day in the park.

None of the studies has yet been completed and published.

Cities in some ways represent a refuge from natural predators, from human hunters, Lambert says. But they also offer a whole new array of food sources. These can be anything from birdseed, occasionally human garbage, cats and small dogs. It could also be almost certainly the case that theyre eating other animals that have adapted to humans, like house mice and rats, urban animals. Thats part of the big question.

Were used to a culture where you swipe your credit card and a problem goes away. This is not one of those problems.

Coyotes have learned to read human behavior, explains Coyote America author Flores, noting that while coyotes have no fear in cities, where theyre not being hunted, their behavior can be much different in rural areas. If you see coyotes while driving in rural New Mexico, he explains, and then pull your car over, theyll sprint away from the car running in a switchback pattern an evasive maneuver learned because in such situations they can expect gun shots.

I encourage people to keep them wild, keep them thinking that were a little too weird for them to trust, he says. When I see them standing around and not moving, Ill raise my arms and shout, maybe throw a rock. Its good for them to be a little spooked rather than nonchalant.

By the same token, it can be helpful for humans to understand something about coyote instincts. From May until August, roughly, they have pups to protect. So if a coyote emerges from the bushes to escort a hiker and their dog away, following but not quite threatening, it likely means they approached too close to a den. Its happened to Flores in the canyon near his home while running with his 135-pound malamute.

Bonnells interest in coyotes was piqued before she took her Jeffco ranger job, when she was working in Aurora and came across people who essentially treated the wild canids as pets, even naming them as they trotted up to windows to touch noses with their house pets. So when she talks about basic truths about coyotes, arguably the most significant one isnt about coyotes at all. Its that humans are extremely difficult to train.

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Coyotes figured out how to survive in the city. Can urban Coloradans learn to coexist? - The Colorado Sun

Friedreich's ataxia sufferers Andrew and William Mcleod from Westruther with parents Donald and Jan.

Two brothers, Andrew and William Macleod, aged 11 and 13 respectively, have Friedreichs ataxia also known as spinocerebellar degeneration a rare genetic disease that causes difficulty walking, a loss of sensation in the arms and legs, and impaired speech.

It causes damage to parts of your brain and spinal cord and can also affect your heart.

The two boys have an older brother Connor,15,who does not have the condition.

One of the villagers, Ali Boyle, told us: This is a really really cruel progressive childhood disorder which is robbing these two young lads of their mobility and independence day by day.

There is no cure and no treatment apart from painkillers and as a community it is really hard to watch our friends struggling with this when there is nothing we can do to help.

It is important to us that every member of that family knows that we are there for them.

A few of their dad Donalds pals have been talking for a while about how to show some support for the family, as well as raising awareness of the condition locally and further afield.

And the idea of a naked calendar came up.

Villager John Purves also known as Mr April said: We were looking to do something a bit different to not only help the family, but also to bring to light just how cruel this terrible condition is.

We know there have been several naked calendars made elsewhere, but they are normally just young, buff men, not chaps in their 50s.

We knew it would show us as we are, but there was no hesitation from any of the guys ... they didnt even think about it.

Sales have gone really well, so far. We have sold around 200 calendars from our first print run of 250, but the printers told us we can get more put together at any time.

Ali added: We are a really small village , about 200 population max, including all the little hamlets round about. We dont even have a shop, and so want to sell as many calendars as possible outwith the community to raise awareness and cash to find a cure for all the lovely kids affected by this awful disorder.

She joked: Also, if we sell them all that means I wont need to buy one and have naked pics of my neighbours up in my kitchen for a year, which is just too awful to contemplate.

The men contacted photographer Phil Wilkinson, who captured the men in their birthday suits in several hilarious poses, with imaginative ways of covering up their dignity.

Phil told us: John contacted me with the idea, and its for a good cause.

They were all really good sports, and its a lovely community they have there.

If you would like to brighten up your 2020, you can buy a calendar in the village pub, The Old Thistle Inn, or order through the groups Facebook page @Menofwestruther.

Its 9.99, with a 3 carriage fee on top.

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Westruther men reveal their support (among other things) for village family in new calendar - The Southern Reporter

An abnormality in the SOD1 gene is linked to some inherited cases of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). So could turning off the mutated gene halt the disease? An international research team led by the University of California San Diego School of Medicine showed the potential of that strategy in mice by using a gene therapy approach.

A one-time injection of a gene-silencing RNA delivered by an adeno-associated virus (AAV) vector into the spinal cord prevented the onset of ALS in presymptomatic mice, and it blocked disease progression in rodents that had already developed symptoms. The team reported the findings in the journal Nature Medicine.

The SOD1 gene codes for an enzyme called superoxide dismutase. Normally, the enzyme breaks down superoxide radicals that are produced during cell metabolism. But in ALS, SOD1 mutations can create misfolded SOD1 protein, as toxic oxygen molecules persist, leading to the death of motor neurons.

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The UC San Diego-led team postulated that a short hairpin RNA (shRNA)an artificial RNA molecule that can silence gene expressioncould be utilized to block the dysfunctional SOD1 gene.

Other researchers had tried delivering shRNA-bearing vectors into the blood via intravenous injection. In mouse models of ALS, disease progression was indeed slowed, but the approach only extended survival by about three months. In a more recent study, scientists used intrathecal injection into the cerebrospinal fluid, but the animals lived only two months longer despite being treated immediately after birth.

For the current study, the UCSD researchers injected the shRNA-containing AAV therapy into the spinal subpial space at cervical and lumbar spine levels.

The team observed impressive results. Remarkably, SOD1-mutated mice treated before disease onset never developed disabilities related to motor neuron functions when followed to an average age of 462 days. That means they didn't lose functions like grip strength ororientation reflexes. The control animals, by contrast,started showing symptomsat about 306 days and reached the end-stage of ALS about three months later.

Further analysis showed that the therapy suppressed the accumulation of misfolded SOD1 protein and almost completely preserved motor neuron cells.

In mice that had already entered the symptomatic stage, the injection also blocked disease progression and further motor neuron degeneration, the team reported.

At present, this therapeutic approach provides the most potent therapy ever demonstrated in mouse models of mutatedSOD1gene-linked ALS, the studys senior author, Martin Marsala of UCSD, said in a statement.

RELATED:Biogen's antisense ALS drug shows promise in early clinical trial

Several other strategies have been developed aimed at decreasing the production of mutated SOD1 protein. Swiss biotech Neurimmune has a recombinant antibody called -miSOD1, which the company developed based on memory B cells that are found in healthy elderly people and that protect against misfolded SOD1. In mouse models of ALS, the drug extended the animals lives by up to two months.

Antisense oligonucleotide therapy isanother potential modality for fighting neurodegenerative disease. Biogen recently showed its antisense drug tofersen (BIIB067) was well tolerated in ALS patients in a small phase 1 study. At its highest dose, the drug cutSOD1 protein levels in spinal fluid and the patients performed well on certain clinical function tests.

Marsala and colleagues now plan to run additional studies of their spinal subpial shRNA approach in a large animal model to determine the optimal, safe dosage of the treatment.

In addition, effective spinal cord delivery of AAV9 vector in adult animals suggests that the use of this new delivery method will likely be effective in treatment of other hereditary forms of ALS or other spinal neurodegenerative disorders that require spinal parenchymal delivery of therapeutic gene(s) or mutated-gene silencing machinery, such as in C9orf72 gene mutation-linked ALS or in some forms of lysosomal storage disease, Marsala said in the statement.

Originally posted here:
Halting ALS with a gene therapy approach - FierceBiotech

For the past 12 years, Lovelace Biomedical has won competitive contracts for the Gene Therapy Resource Program (GTRP) at the National Heart Lung and Blood Institute (NHLBI), and has also received awards from the National Institute of Health (NIH), to perform studies to investigate and find new models for rare diseases with gene therapy studies. Now, reaching and focusing on commercial contracts, Lovelace continues to build on their history, and as a leader in pre-clinical studies with gene therapy as an important sector of their expertise.

Presenting the webinar is Lovelace's Chief Scientific Officer Jacob McDonald, Ph.D. and Dr. Janet Benson, who has led the Lovelace Gene Therapy Pharm/Tox program since 2007.

The webinar "Nonclinical Development in Gene Therapy, building on 12 years of the Lovelace Biomedical Center of Excellence in Gene Therapy" will be held on February 6, 2020 at 1 pm ET.

Join the Webinar

About Lovelace BiomedicalLovelace Biomedical is a contract research organization that helps pharmaceutical and biotechnology companies advance their complex drug development studies from the preclinical stage, and on to clinical trials. For over 70 years the organization has leveraged its multidisciplinary expertise in toxicology, gene therapy, medical countermeasures, and more, to provide excellence in preclinical research and fully understand the behavior of its clients' investigational products.

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Lovelace Biomedical to host webinar on their history and expertise in the rapidly growing field of Gene Therapy - PRNewswire

NEW YORK, Jan. 6, 2020 /PRNewswire/ --

INTRODUCTIONAdvanced therapy medicinal products, such as cell and gene therapies, have revolutionized healthcare practices. The introduction of such treatment options has led to a paradigm shift in drug development, production and consumption. Moreover, such therapies have actually enabled healthcare providers to treat several difficult-to-treat clinical conditions. In the past two decades, more than 30 such therapy products have been approved; recent approvals include Zolgensma (2019), RECELL System (2018), AmnioFix (2018), EpiFix (2018), EpiBurn (2018), Alofisel (2018), LUXTURNA (2017), Yescarta (2017), and Kymriah (2017). Further, according to a report published by The Alliance for Regenerative Medicine in 2019, more than 1,000 clinical trials are being conducted across the globe by over 900 companies. In 2018, around USD 13 billion was invested in this domain, representing a 73% increase in capital investments in this domain, compared to the previous year. It is worth highlighting that, based on an assessment of the current pipeline of cell therapies and the historical clinical success of such products, it is likely that around 10-20 advanced therapies are approved by the US FDA each year, till 2025.

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The commercial success of cell and advanced therapies is not only tied to whether they are capable of offering the desired therapeutic benefits, but also on whether the developers are able to effectively address all supply chain requirements. The advanced therapy medicinal products supply chain is relatively more complex compared to the conventional pharmaceutical supply chain. As a result, there are a number of risks, such as possible operational inefficiencies, capacity scheduling concerns, process delays leading to capital losses, and deliverable tracking-related issues, which need to be taken into consideration by therapy developers. This has generated a need for bespoke technological solutions, which can be integrated into existing processes to enable the engaged stakeholders to oversee and manage the various aspects of the cell and advanced therapies supply chain, in compliance to global regulatory standards. Over the years, several innovative, software-enabled systems, offering supply chain orchestration and needle-to-needle traceability, have been developed. The market has also recently witnessed the establishment of numerous partnerships, most of which are agreements between therapy developers and software solutions providers. Further, given the growing demand for cost-effective personalized medicinal products, and a myriad of other benefits of implementing such software solutions, the niche market is poised to grow significantly in the foreseen future.

SCOPE OF THE REPORTThe 'Cell and Advanced Therapies Supply Chain Management Market: Focus on Technological Solutions, 2019-2030' report features an extensive study of the growing supply chain management software solutions market. The focus of this study is on software systems, including cell orchestration platforms (COP), enterprise manufacturing systems (EMS), inventory management systems (IMS), laboratory information management systems (LIMS), logistics management systems (LMS), patient management systems (PMS), quality management systems (QMS), tracking and tracing software (TTS), and other such platforms that are being used to improve / optimize various supply chain-related processes of cell and advanced therapies.

Amongst other elements, the report features: A detailed assessment of the current market landscape, featuring a comprehensive list of over 160 technological platforms that are being used to manage the cell and advanced therapies supply chain, along with information on the different types of software systems (COP, EMS, IMS, LIMS, LMS, PMS, QMS, TTS, and others), their key specifications and benefits (chain of identity and custody, compatibility and integration, data management and analytics, regulatory compliance, reliability and security, scalability, software-as-a-service, traceability, user-friendliness, workflow management, and others), affiliated modes of deployment (cloud and on-premises), scale of management (small enterprise, mid-size enterprise and large enterprise), end users (biobanks, cell therapy labs, hospitals, research institutes, commercial organizations, and others), applications (ordering and scheduling, sample collection, manufacturing, logistics, and patient verification and treatment follow-up), regulatory certifications / accreditations (21 CFR Part 11, CLIA, FACT-JACIE, GAMP 5, GDPR, HIPAA, and others), and key support services offered (customization, installation / implementation, maintenance, training / technical support, upgradation, validation and testing, and others). An insightful company competitiveness analysis, taking into consideration the supplier power (based on their employee base and years of experience in the industry) and portfolio-related parameters, such as number of software solutions offered, affiliated modes of deployment, scale of management, end users, applications, regulatory certifications / accreditations, support services offered, and key platform specifications and benefits. Comprehensive profiles of industry players that are currently offering software solutions for supply chain management, featuring an overview of the company, its financial information (if available), and a detailed description of its software system(s). Each profile also includes a list of recent developments, highlighting the key achievements, partnership activity, and the likely strategies that may be adopted by these players to fuel growth, in the foreseen future. A detailed review of the cell and advanced therapies supply chain, offering insights on the processes associated with various stages, such as donor eligibility assessment, sample collection, manufacturing, logistics, and patient verification and treatment follow-up, along with information on cost requirements and existing opportunities for improvement in the supply chain management practices. A qualitative assessment of the current and long-term needs of different stakeholders (patients, healthcare providers, collection centers, manufacturers, logistics service providers and regulators / payers) involved in the cell and advanced therapies supply chain, featuring a summary of the diverse needs and areas of concern, along with our opinion (based on past and prevalent trends) on how the industry is preparing to address such issues. An analysis of the investments made at various stages of development, such as seed financing, venture capital financing, debt financing, grants, capital raised from IPOs and subsequent offerings received by companies that are engaged in this field. An analysis of the partnerships that have been established in the domain, in the period between 2014 and Q3 2019, covering software licensing agreements, mergers and acquisitions, product development agreements, product integration agreements, distribution agreements, asset purchase agreements, and other relevant deals. A detailed analysis of the platform utilization use cases where aforementioned software systems were leveraged by various stakeholders in the domain, in the period between 2014 and Q3 2019, highlighting the ways in which companies have implemented such systems to improve / optimize various supply chain-related processes of cell and advanced therapies. An in-depth analysis of the cost saving potential across various processes of the cell and advanced therapies supply chain that can be brought about by the implementation of bespoke and integrated technological solutions / software systems. A case study on COPs, featuring insights on their key functions and implementation strategies, while also considering their strategic position and connectivity with other adjacent systems within the cell and advanced therapies supply chain. In addition, it provides a brief discussion on the growing popularity of COPs on the social media platform, Twitter.

One of the key objectives of the report was to understand the primary growth drivers and estimate the future size of the supply chain management software solutions market. Based on multiple parameters, such as number of cell and advanced therapies under development, expected pricing, likely adoption rates, and potential cost saving opportunities from different software systems, we have developed informed estimates of the evolution of the market, over the period 2019-2030. In addition, we have provided the likely distribution of the current and forecasted opportunity across [A] different software systems (COP, EMS, IMS, LIMS, LMS, PMS, QMS, and TTS), [B] applications (donor eligibility assessment, sample collection, manufacturing, logistics, and patient verification and treatment follow-up), [C] modes of deployment (cloud and on-premises), [D] end users (biobanks, cell therapy labs, hospitals, research institutes, and commercial organizations), and [E] key geographical regions (North America, Europe and Asia-Pacific). In order to account for the uncertainties associated with some of the key parameters and to add robustness to our model, we have provided three market forecast scenarios portraying the conservative, base and optimistic tracks of the industry's evolution.

The opinions and insights presented in this study were influenced by discussions conducted with several stakeholders in this domain. The report features detailed transcripts of interviews held with the following individuals: Bryan Poltilove (Vice President and General Manager, Thermo Fisher Scientific) Jacqueline Barry (Chief Clinical Officer, Cell and Gene Therapy Catapult) Jill Maddux (Director, Cell and Gene Therapy Product Strategy, McKesson) and Divya Iyer (Senior Director, Corporate Strategy and Business Development, McKesson) Martin Lamb (Chief Business Officer, TrakCel)

All actual figures have been sourced and analyzed from publicly available information forums and primary research discussions. Financial figures mentioned in this report are in USD, unless otherwise specified.

RESEARCH METHODOLOGYThe data presented in this report has been gathered via secondary and primary research. For all our projects, we conduct interviews with experts in the area (academia, industry and other associations) to solicit their opinions on emerging trends in the market. This is primarily useful for us to draw out our own opinion on how the market will evolve across different regions and technology segments. Where possible, the available data has been checked for accuracy from multiple sources of information.

The secondary sources of information include Annual reports Investor presentations SEC filings Industry databases News releases from company websites Government policy documents Industry analysts' viewsWhile the focus has been on forecasting the market till 2030, the report also provides our independent view on various non-commercial trends emerging in the industry. This opinion is solely based on our knowledge, research and understanding of the relevant market gathered from various secondary and primary sources of information.

CHAPTER OUTLINESChapter 2 is an executive summary of the insights captured in our research. It offers a high-level view on the likely evolution of the cell and advanced therapies supply chain solutions market in the mid to long term.

Chapter 3 is an introductory chapter that presents a general overview of the cell and advanced therapies domain, along with details on the various types of such products and the current therapy landscape. It features a detailed discussion on the cell and advanced therapies supply chain and key challenges related to different processes / stakeholders involved in this segment of the industry. The chapter also provides information on various software-enabled systems, highlighting their key advantages and associated challenges. Further, the chapter describes the key growth drivers and roadblocks related to the use of such solutions in the cell and advanced therapies supply chain, offering insights on the emergence of advanced, digital technologies in the domain, as well.

Chapter 4 includes information on more than 160 technological platforms that are currently being used for managing the critical intricacies within the cell and advanced therapies supply chain. It features detailed information on the different types of software systems (COP, EMS, IMS, LIMS, LMS, PMS, QMS, TTS, and others), their key specifications and benefits (chain of identity and custody, compatibility and integration, data management and analytics, regulatory compliance, reliability and security, scalability, software-as-a-service, traceability, user-friendliness, workflow management, and others), affiliated modes of deployment (cloud and on-premises), scale of management (small enterprise, mid-size enterprise and large enterprise), end users (biobanks, cell therapy labs, hospitals, research institutes, commercial organizations, and others), applications (ordering and scheduling, sample collection, manufacturing, logistics, and patient verification and treatment follow-up), regulatory certifications / accreditations (21 CFR Part 11, CLIA, FACT-JACIE, GAMP 5, GDPR, HIPAA, and others), and key support services offered (customization, installation / implementation, maintenance, training / technical support, upgradation, validation and testing, and others).

Chapter 5 features an insightful competitiveness analysis of the software solutions providers based on various parameters, such as number of software systems offered, affiliated modes of deployment, scale of management, end users, applications, regulatory certifications / accreditations, support services offered, and key platform specifications and benefits. In the chapter, stakeholder entities have been plotted on a 2X2 matrix, having a company's Supplier Power (based on its employee base and years of experience in the industry) and Company Competitiveness as the two axes.

Chapter 6 includes elaborate profiles of companies that are currently offering core supply chain management software systems, such as EMS, IMS, LIMS, LMS, PMS, QMS, and TTS (shortlisted on the basis of company competitiveness analysis scores); each profile features an overview of the company, its financial information (if available), and a detailed description of the platform(s). Each profile also includes a list of recent developments, highlighting key achievements, partnership activity and the likely strategies that may be adopted by these players to fuel growth in the foreseen future.

Chapter 7 presents a brief introduction to COPs, along with insights into their key functions and implementation strategies, while also considering their strategic position and connectivity with other adjacent systems within the entire cell and advanced therapies supply chain. Further, the chapter includes a brief discussion on the growing popularity of COP on the social media platform, Twitter, and presents a snapshot of how the public opinion about such technological solutions has evolved in the period 2014-2018. In addition, the chapter features detailed profiles of all the industry players that are currently offering COPs for supply chain management. For each of these companies, we have presented detailed profiles, featuring an overview of the company, its financial information (if available), and a detailed description of the platform(s). Each profile also includes a list of recent developments, highlighting key achievements, partnership activity and the likely strategies that may be adopted by these players to fuel growth in the foreseen future.

Chapter 8 provides information on funding instances and investments that have been made within the cell and advanced therapies supply chain management market. The chapter includes details on various types of investments (such as seed financing, venture capital financing, debt financing, grants, capital raised from IPOs and subsequent offerings) received by companies between 2014 and Q3 2019, highlighting the growing interest of the venture capital community and other strategic investors in this domain.

Chapter 9 features an elaborate discussion and analysis of partnerships / collaborations that have been established in the domain in the period between 2014 and Q3 2019. It includes a brief description of various types of partnership models (such as software licensing agreements, mergers and acquisitions, product development agreements, product integration agreements, distribution agreements, asset purchase agreements, and others) that have been employed by stakeholders within this domain. It also consists of a schematic representation showcasing the players that have established the maximum number of alliances in this industry. Furthermore, we have provided a world map representation of all the deals inked in this field, highlighting those that have been established within and across different continents.

Chapter 10 presents a detailed analysis of platform utilization use cases where the aforementioned software systems were leveraged by various stakeholders in the domain, in the period between 2014 and Q3 2019. It includes a brief discussion on the ways in which companies have implemented such software solutions to improve / optimize various supply chain-related processes of cell and advanced therapies.

Chapter 11 provides a qualitative assessment of the current and long-term needs of different stakeholders (patients, healthcare providers, collection centers, manufacturers, logistics service providers and regulators / payers) involved in the cell and advanced therapies supply chain. It also presents a summary of the diverse needs and areas of concern, along with our opinion (based on past and prevalent trends) on how the industry is preparing to address the aforementioned issues.

Chapter 12 presents a detailed review of the cell and advanced therapies supply chain, offering insights on the processes associated with various stages, such as donor eligibility assessment, sample collection, manufacturing, logistics, and patient verification and treatment follow-up, along with information on cost requirements and existing opportunities for improvement in the supply chain management practices.

Chapter 13 features an insightful analysis, highlighting the cost saving potential across various processes of the cell and advanced therapies supply chain that can be brought about by the implementation of bespoke and integrated technological solutions / software systems.

Chapter 14 features a comprehensive market forecast, highlighting the future potential of the supply chain management software solutions market till 2030, based on multiple parameters, such as number of cell and advanced therapies in development, expected pricing, likely adoption rates, and cost saving opportunity from different software systems. In addition, we have provided the likely distribution of the current and forecasted opportunity across [A] different software systems (COP, EMS, IMS, LIMS, LMS, PMS, QMS, and TTS), [B] applications (donor eligibility assessment, sample collection, manufacturing, logistics, and patient verification and treatment follow-up), [C] modes of deployment (cloud and on-premises), [D] end users (biobanks, cell therapy labs, hospitals, research institutes, and commercial organizations), and [E] key geographical regions (North America, Europe and Asia-Pacific). In order to account for the uncertainties associated with some of the key parameters and to add robustness to our model, we have provided three market forecast scenarios portraying the conservative, base and optimistic tracks of the industry's evolution.

Chapter 15 is a collection of executive insights of the discussions that were held with various key stakeholders in this market. The chapter provides a brief overview of the companies and details of interviews held with Bryan Poltilove (Vice President and General Manager, Thermo Fisher Scientific), Jacqueline Barry (Chief Clinical Officer, Cell and Gene Therapy Catapult), Jill Maddux (Director, Cell and Gene Therapy Product Strategy, McKesson) and Divya Iyer (Senior Director, Corporate Strategy and Business Development, McKesson), and Martin Lamb (Chief Business Officer, TrakCel).

Chapter 16 is a summary of the overall report. In this chapter, we have provided a list of key takeaways from the report, and expressed our independent opinion related to the research and analysis described in the previous chapters.

Chapter 17 is an appendix, which provides a comprehensive list of technological solutions / software systems that are being used to effectively manage and streamline the supply chain processes of the overall healthcare industry.

Chapter 18 is an appendix, which provides tabulated data and numbers for all the figures provided in the report.

Chapter 19 is an appendix, which provides the list of companies and organizations mentioned in the report.

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Cell and Advanced Therapies Supply Chain Management Market: Focus on Technological Solutions, 2019-2030 - PRNewswire

Astellas Pharma recentlyagreed to acquire Audentes Therapeutics, a move it expects will result in faster development of potentially best-in-class therapies for rare neuromuscular diseases, including muscular dystrophy (MD).

Audentes vectorized exon-skipping technology which uses a modified adeno-associated virus (AAV) vector to allow cells to skip over mutated sections of genes will complement Astellas own work, Kenji Yasukawa, president and CEO of Astellas, said in a press release.

Recent scientific and technological advances in genetic medicine have advanced the potential to deliver unprecedented and sustained value to patients, and even to curing diseases with a single intervention, Yasukawa said.

Audentes has developed a robust pipeline of promising product candidates which are complementary to our existing pipeline, including its lead program AT132, he added. By joining together with Audentes talented team, we are establishing a leading position in the field of gene therapy with the goal of addressing the unmet needs of patients living with serious, rare diseases.

The technology uses the modified AAV vector to deliver small molecules antisense oligonucleotides complementary to the RNA sequence of a gene of interest, which allow cells to skip over mutated exons while they are producing proteins.

Exons are the coding regions of genes that provide instructions to make proteins.

Audentes had started developing several therapies for Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) based on its exon-skipping technology. These include AT702, AT751 and AT753.

All three treatment candidates use the same AAV delivery vector. However, as they target different DMD gene exons, the potential therapies are intended for distinct subgroups of patients. AT702 is designed to skip exon 2 and is meant for those who either have duplications in exon 2 or mutations in exons 1-5. AT751 is designed for those with mutations in exon 51, and AT753 for people with alterations in exon 53.

Audentes had also started developing and testing AT466, an experimental treatment for myotonic dystrophy type 1.

The acquisition also gives Astellas direct access to AT132, Audentes lead gene therapy candidate for the treatment ofX-linked myotubular myopathy.

AT132 uses an AAV8 viral vector to deliver a functional copy of the MTM1 gene to muscle cells. This enables the production of myotubularin, an important enzyme for the development and maintenance of muscle cells.

Matthew R. Patterson, chairman and CEO of Audentes, said his company is very pleased with the agreement. With its focus on innovative science and a global network of research, development and commercialization resources, we believe that operating as part of the Astellas organization optimally positions us to advance our pipeline programs and serve our patients, he said.

Under the terms of the agreement, Audentes will become an independent subsidiary of Astellas and will have access to scientific resources to accelerate the development and manufacturing of the combined product pipeline. The transaction, worth $3 billion, is expected to take place early this year.

Joana is currently completing her PhD in Biomedicine and Clinical Research at Universidade de Lisboa. She also holds a BSc in Biology and an MSc in Evolutionary and Developmental Biology from Universidade de Lisboa. Her work has been focused on the impact of non-canonical Wnt signaling in the collective behavior of endothelial cells cells that make up the lining of blood vessels found in the umbilical cord of newborns.

Total Posts: 42

Jos is a science news writer with a PhD in Neuroscience from Universidade of Porto, in Portugal. He has also studied Biochemistry at Universidade do Porto and was a postdoctoral associate at Weill Cornell Medicine, in New York, and at The University of Western Ontario in London, Ontario, Canada. His work has ranged from the association of central cardiovascular and pain control to the neurobiological basis of hypertension, and the molecular pathways driving Alzheimers disease.

Originally posted here:
New MD Treatments the Main Goal of Astellas, Audentes Merger - Muscular Dystrophy News

PUNE, India, Jan. 6, 2020 /PRNewswire/ -- Immunotherapy is forecast to become the oncology treatment of choice by 2026 with an estimated 60% of previously treated cancer patients likely to adopt immunotherapy in this timeframe. Multiple treatment lines, combination therapy and the opportunity for repeat treatment are likely to accelerate fast growth. Cancer immunotherapy also expands into multiple indications and our analysis indicates that key immunotherapies including anti-PD-1 drugs, dendritic cell vaccines, T-cell therapies and cancer vaccines are all driving the market. The rising incidence and prevalence of numerous cancers globally is a significant accelerator of growth. This is due to more sensitive early detection techniques, higher patient awareness and a growing aging population. Furthermore, the FDA's pro-science attitude will accelerate development and regulatory approval for these drugs. To that end, the cancer immunotherapy market is forecast to hit $115 billion by 2023. Overall strong growth rates are expected due to a significant unmet need and increasing trends of hematological cancers.

Browse Complete Report of Global Cancer Immunotherapy Market Analysis & Forecast to 2023 Report at https://www.reportsnreports.com/reports/2713825-global-cancer-immunotherapy-market-analysis-forecast-to-2023-antibody-drug-conjugates-adcs-bispecific-monoclonal-antibodies-cancer-vaccines-cytokines-interferons-chimeric-antigen-receptor-car-t-cell-thera-inhibitors.html

Prior to the launching of Yervoy, the five-year survival rate for patients with early stage melanoma was 98%; but the five-year survival rate for late-stage melanoma was just 16%. Yervoy has been reported to have a survival rate of 25% when tested alone. When tested as part of a combination therapy treatment with Bristol's nivolumab, the two-year survival rates rose to 88% for patients with late-stage cancer. Increase in patient survival rates brought about by cancer immunotherapy treatment is similar to that seen when bone marrow transplantation changed our conception on how blood cancer was treated. Other key therapeutic players in this market include Opdivo (nivolumab), Keytruda (pembrolizumab), Tecentriq (atezolizumab), Ibrance (palbociclib) the newly approved Bavencio (avelumab) and Imfinzi (durvalumab) and of course the first CAR-T therapies Kymriah (tisagenlecleucel) and Yescarta (axicabtagene ciloleucel).

Opdivo (nivolumab) from BMS is one of the most exciting agents in the immunotherapy space, and is indicated for melanoma, lung cancer, kidney cancer, blood cancer, head and neck cancer, and bladder cancer. It was given a fast-track approval on December 22, 2014. The majority of immune-oncology agents are anti-programmed death-1 (PD-1) monoclonal antibodies, which will certainly guide the market over the coming years. Projects that currently are valuable include combined immunotherapies on our knowledge of CD137 and PD-1/PDL1 mechanisms. A study on a novel effector activating monoclonal antibody known as IMAB362 for the treatment of solid cancers is also exciting. Other projects comparing CAR-T cell effectiveness against T-cells that target CD19 or mesothelin are interesting in a preclinical setting. Of course, Novartis gained the first CAR-T FDA approval for Kymriah (tisagenlecleucel, CTL019), in August 2017, for children and young adults with B-cell ALL. In October 2017, Yescarta (axicabtagene ciloleucel) from Kite Pharma for adult patients large B-cell lymphoma was also given FDA approval. This is a major boost for the global and US immunotherapy, and gene therapy markets.

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What Are CAR-T Therapies? How Will They Impact the Market?

CAR T (chimeric antigen receptor T) cells are engineered specificity using antibody fragments directed to the tumor cell, and also T-cell CD8/CD3 plasma membrane proteins that elicit specific activity towards the tumor cell, via intracellular signaling pathways. To date publications have revealed a number of effective intracellular molecules in the engineered T cell including CD28, 4-1BB (CD137) and CD3 zeta.

These engineered T cells have numerous advantages including:

Story continues

To date, the main challenges associated with CAR T therapy include manufacturing, regulations, pricing and toxicity in patients. Currently there are over 100 recruiting CAR-T clinical trials globally, mainly in the US, China and Europe. To date a number of CAR T Cells (autologous/allogeneic) trials are demonstrating clinical benefit to patients, but others have demonstrated toxicity such as cytokine release syndrome. In July 2017, an FDA advisory panel determined that the benefits of CAR T outperform the risks. Kymriah (tisagenlecleucel) by Novartis is indicated to treat children and young adults with acute leukemia and performed well in the ELIANA trial. The FDA's Oncologic Drugs Advisory Committee (ODAC) recommended this agent for approval and became the first CAR-T cell therapy on the US market. In October 2017, Yescarta (axicabtagene ciloleucel) from Kite Pharma for adult patients large B-cell lymphoma was also given FDA approval.

The CAR-T industry is addressing unmet needs in specific relapsed cancers, and trials have indicated that some patients show long term activity and high remission rates, but there is a large proportion of patients with toxicities such as cytokine release syndrome and neurotoxicity. The main players within the CAR-T market are Novartis, Juno Therapeutics, Kite Pharma and Cellectis. The market is moving ahead, backed by years of R&D, from both academia and industry, investors capitol and small clinical studies. From now on, Kelly Scientific forecasts that CAR T therapy will become more streamlined, with faster manufacturing times as advances in technologies take hold and clinical trials provide more robust evidence that this immunotherapy is robust. These factors, plus strategies to reduce adverse reactions and toxicities and larger players like Novartis taking stage will push CAR-T therapy ahead. However, recent deaths in the Juno ROCKET trial are creating questions amongst investors. How will the CAR T space influence the total immunotherapy industry going forward? This comprehensive report scrutinizes the total market and provides cutting-edge insights and analysis.

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Within the cancer therapeutics space, which today is worth over $100 billion globally, immunotherapeutic drugs have gained worldwide acceptance. This is because they are targeted therapeutics that have high specificity for cancer cells. Today, cancer immunotherapy drugs have captured nearly 50% of the overall oncology drugs market, generating about $75 billion in 2019 alone and are forecast to surpass $115 billion in 2023. This report describes the evolution of such a huge market in 20 chapters supported by over 180 tables and figures in 450 pages.

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Key Questions Answered in this Report

Another Related Research Titled: Cancer Biomarkers Market Insights 2019, Global and Chinese Analysis and Forecast to 2024 is a professional and in-depth study on the current state of the global Cancer Biomarkers industry with a focus on the Chinese market. The report provides key statistics on the market status of the Cancer Biomarkers manufacturers and is a valuable source of guidance and direction for companies and individuals interested in the industry. Overall, the report provides an in-depth insight of 2014-2024 global and Chinese Cancer Biomarkers market covering all important parameters. Get Free sample copy of this research report at https://www.reportsnreports.com/contacts/requestsample.aspx?name=2358970.

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GYSS 2020 gathers new and returning eminent scientists and talented young researchers worldwide to convene in Singapore, to spark new ideas and innovations

National Research Foundation Singapore will be organizing The Global Young Scientists Summit 2020 (GYSS 2020) in Singapore from January 14 to 17, with the theme of Advancing Science, Creating Technologies for a Better World.

The world is facing a litany of challenges, from growing antibiotic resistance to a looming shortage in data storage capacity.

GYSS 2020 gathers new and returning eminent scientists and talented young researchers worldwide to convene in Singapore, to spark new ideas and innovations.

To develop the solutions to these problems, young researchers need the help of their more experienced colleagues, and vice versa. Collaborations across disciplines and nations are also vital to spark new ideas and innovations. It will provide a platform for such conversations on science and research, technology innovation, and potential answers to global issues.

The event enables 320 outstanding young scientists to interact with 17 eminent leaders in science and technology, who gather in Singapore from across the world and from a wide variety of research fields, including physics, chemistry, medicine, mathematics, computer science and engineering.

Members of the public will have the opportunity to hear from the distinguished speakers at a series of free public lectures, meanwhile the delegates participate in plenary lectures, panel discussions and interactive group sessions.

The GYSS 2020 speakers include world-renowned recipients of the Nobel Prize, Fields Medal, Millennium Technology Prize and Turing Award.

Participating as speakers for the first time at the Summit are Sir Konstantin Novoselov (Nobel Prize in Physics, 2010), and Dr Kees Immink (Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Medal of Honor, 2017).

Sir Novoselov and his colleague, Sir Andre Geim, who participated at GYSS 2017, isolated and mapped the properties of graphene, a wonder material that consists of a single layer of carbon atoms and is many times stronger than steel, lighter than paper, and an excellent conductor of heat and electricity.

Dr Kees has been one of the most prolific contributors to the field of consumer electronics in the late 20th century.

The GYSS 2020 will also feature a special guest speaker: Professor Alain Fischer, Chair of Experimental Medicine at the Collge de France in Paris.

Professor Fischer has been a pioneer in the fight to understand and treat genetic diseases that are related to the immune system, uncovering many genetic defects that disrupt the human immune system.

He was also one of the first scientists to successfully use gene therapy to treat a rare form of severe combined immunodeficiency, often called the bubble boy disease, after a wellknown patient who lived for years in a plastic bubble filled with filtered air.

The GYSS 2020 is the eighth edition of the event, and will span 15 plenary lectures, panel discussions and interactive small group sessions.

The participants will also go on site visits and engage in dialogue sessions with principal investigators and researchers to better understand the research opportunities in Singapore.

Ashish Rauniyar, a PhD research fellow at the Oslo Metropolitan University who will be attending GYSS 2020, said he is looking forward to meeting talented young researchers from around the world and engaging with the distinguished speakers: The opportunity to talk to them about their scientific experiences is an amazing opportunity.

As part of the summit, panel discussions among the eminent scientists will take place at public forums at local universities and schools, and at the National Library.

Read more here:
National Research Foundation Singapore to organize GYSS 2020 - BSA bureau

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The Research report on the Hemophilia Gene Therapy Market is complete guide for the new entrants in the industry; the report provides the market history of every product ever retailed by the company. It also provides history of the product types, sales, volume, technology, during the forecast period. The growth rate challenges and barriers are also explained in the Hemophilia Gene Therapy Market research report. The report shades light on the development rate of the strategies. Products and technologies used in the production, manufacturing and marketing of the report.

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Report Coverage

The report is designed to incorporate both qualitative and quantitative aspects of the Hemophilia Gene Therapy Market with respect to each of the regions and countries involved in the study. Furthermore, the report also caters the detailed information about the crucial aspects such as major drivers & restraining factors which will define the future growth of the market.

The report provides a list of all the key players in the Hemophilia Gene Therapy market along with a detailed analysis of the strategies, which the companies are adopting. The strategies mainly include new product development, research, and development, and also provides revenue shares, company overview, and recent company developments to remain competitive in the market.

As part of competitive analysis, the research study includes exhaustive company profiling of leading players of the global Hemophilia Gene Therapy market. All of the segments studied in the report are analyzed based on different factors such as market share, revenue, and CAGR.

The prominent players in the global Hemophilia Gene Therapy market are:

Spark Therapeutics, Ultragenyx, Shire PLC, Sangamo Therapeutics, Bioverativ, BioMarin, uniQure, Freeline Therapeutics

Hemophilia Gene TherapyMarket segment by Types:

Hemophilia AHemophilia B

Hemophilia Gene TherapyMarket segment by Applications: Hemophilia A Gene TherapyHemophilia B Gene TherapyTop of Form Global Hemophilia Gene Therapy Market Segmentation by Region:

North America, United States, Canada, Mexico, Asia-Pacific, China, India, Japan, South Korea, Australia, Indonesia, Malaysia, Philippines, Thailand, Vietnam, Europe, Germany, France, UK, Italy, Russia, Rest of Europe, Central & South America

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In addition, this report discusses the key drivers influencing market growth, opportunities, the challenges and the risks faced by key players and the market as a whole. It also analyses key emerging trends and their impact on present and future development.

The research includes historic data from 2014 to 2018, and forecast to 2026 which makes the reports an invaluable resource for industry executives, marketing, sales and product managers, consultants, analysts, and other people looking for key industry data in readily accessible documents with clearly presented tables and graphs.

Global Hemophilia Gene Therapy Market Overview, Drivers, Restraints and Opportunities, Segmentation overview

Global Hemophilia Gene Therapy Market competition by Manufacturers (2020-2026)

Production and Consumption by Regions

Complete profiling and analysis of Manufacturers (2020-2026)

Manufacturing cost analysis, Materials analysis, Region-wise manufacturing expenses

Industrial Chain, Sourcing Strategy and Downstream Buyers

Marketing Strategy Analysis, Distributors/Traders

Global Hemophilia Gene Therapy Market Effect Factors Analysis (2020-2026)

Global Hemophilia Gene Therapy Market Forecast (2020-2026)

Global Hemophilia Gene Therapy Market Research Findings and Conclusion

The following customization options are available for the report:

-Product Analysis

Product matrix, which gives a detailed comparison of the product portfolio of each company

-Regional Analysis

Further breakdown of the Rest of Europe Hemophilia Gene Therapy market into Russia, Norway, and Denmark

-Company Information

Detailed analysis and profiling of additional market players (up to five)

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Hemophilia Gene Therapy Market Clinical Research and Analysis Report, Forecast 2020-2026 - MENAFN.COM