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Archive for the ‘Cardiac Stem Cells’ Category

Cell Therapy and Gene Therapy Markets, 2019-2020 & Forecast to 2025 and 2030 – ResearchAndMarkets.com – Business Wire

DUBLIN--(BUSINESS WIRE)--The "Cell Therapy and Gene Therapy Markets" report has been added to ResearchAndMarkets.com's offering.

This is an exciting and interesting time in the cell and gene therapy industry. The science is moving ahead as industry industrializes and standardizes the manufacturing and commercialization of products. Cell and gene therapy products are transforming the treatment of cancers and genetic diseases, as well as expanding into other areas of medicine including autoimmune diseases, cardiovascular diseases, musculoskeletal disease, dermatological diseases, and many others.

Cell Therapy and Gene Therapy Markets presents the market in segments that provide an overview of disease epidemiology, market estimates and forecasts, and competitive summary of leading providers:

The report examines developments in cell and gene therapy markets by condition/disorder, including principal products, trends in research and development, market breakdown of cell and gene therapies, regional market summary, and competitor summary.

The following conditions/disorders are covered:

Dermatology, including:

Oncology, including:

Ophthalmic Conditions, including:

Other Conditions, including:

The report comments on the current COVID-19 cell and gene therapy pipeline. There are a number of companies that are responding to the call to develop a therapeutic or vaccine for the coronavirus, including:

The leading influencers in the market are those which have become first-to-market participants in the cell and gene therapy segment, have new developments which may disrupt current market conditions, and/or have an extensive pipeline sure to impact the market in the long-term forecast:

Because gene therapies are currently not available in any wide capacity, there is little precedent upon which to base forecasts. Dollar figures represent the estimated global market for 2019 and the expected market for 2020 based on first-quarter company reports and are expressed in current dollars. Forecasts are provided through 2025 and an extended forecast for 2030. The size of each market segment refers to manufacturers' revenues.

For more information about this report visit https://www.researchandmarkets.com/r/ek1qqb

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Cell Therapy and Gene Therapy Markets, 2019-2020 & Forecast to 2025 and 2030 - ResearchAndMarkets.com - Business Wire

UPDATED: Merck’s Keytruda nets another approval, this time in triple negative breast cancer. Can it catch up to Tecentriq? – Endpoints News

Another day, another win for Mercks blockbuster Keytruda.

The FDA has granted accelerated approval for the cash cow combined with chemotherapy in triple negative breast cancer, giving the drug the green light in its 18th different cancer. Mondays new indication comes for patients with PD-L1-expressing tumors with a Combined Positive Score of at least 10.

Merck noted that due to the nature of the accelerated approval, the thumbs up is contingent upon confirmatory trials.

Data for the approval first came back in February, when the Keynote-355 trial demonstrated Keytruda plus chemo significantly improved progression-free survival compared to chemo by itself. The study showed that, in the target population with a CPS of at least 10, the combination reduced the risk of disease progression or death by 35% with a median PFS of 9.7 months, against 5.6 months in the placebo arm.

On safety, the February data showed 2.5% of all patients in the drug arm saw fatal adverse events, including cardiac arrest and septic shock, with serious side effects appearing in 30% of patients. Keytruda was discontinued due to adverse events in 11% of patients.

Frontline triple negative breast cancer is a particularly difficult indication to treat, as the growth of the cancer is not fueled by the hormones estrogen and progesterone, or by the HER2 protein. Its one of the rare fields in which Roches PD-L1 Tecentriq has enjoyed a head start over Keytruda and Opdivo, the leaders in the checkpoint race, as Tecentriq is approved in combination with Abraxane for this indication.

Back in May 2019, Merck conceded a failure in the arena after a Phase III study flopped on overall survival. But a few months later, the pharma turned things around after discovering a neoadjuvant regimen of Keytruda and chemo followed by Keytruda monotherapy after surgery induced a higher pathological complete response rate.

Though execs presented that as a positive, some analysts didnt paint as sunny a picture. This past February, when the Keynote-355 topline data was first published, SVB Leerinks Daina Graybosch pointed out that because only patients with a CPS of at least 10 appeared to benefit, instead of a score of at least 1, it wont be able to treat as broad a population as Tecentriq. Roche, she noted, also has about a two-year head start.

A Merck spokesperson also had this to say about the CPS and IC percentages:

In TNBC, we measure PD-L1 with a combined positive score (CPS). The CPS includes staining for tumor cells, as well as tumor-infiltrating immune cells and it is not a percentage. We believe CPS 10 is roughly equivalent to how Roche scores PD-L1+ patients (IC>=1% based on the SP142 assay) on tumor-infiltrating immune cells (IC). The prevalence of the PD-L1 positive population in TNBC whether by CPS of greater than or equal to 10 or IC of 1% is both about 40%.

Keytruda is already one of the best-selling drugs in the world, having notched roughly $3.9 billion in the first half of 2020 alone. Some have predicted the drug may overtake AbbVies Humira as the top seller within the next few years, with the most optimistic estimate pegged for $22.2 billion in sales by 2025.

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UPDATED: Merck's Keytruda nets another approval, this time in triple negative breast cancer. Can it catch up to Tecentriq? - Endpoints News

Can Hearts Repair Themselves Via Stem Cells – The Niche

Can hearts repair themselves via their own stem cells?

Sometimes what we scientists all know to be true turns out later on to be wrong and there are clear instancesof this in the stem cell field.

For example for decades the dogma was that the adult mammalianbrain did not have stem cells, but now most researchers believethat the adult brain does have stem cells, although for humans this is still being debated.

What we perceive as factual can change over time.

Yamanaka disproved the entrenched notion that differentiated cells were permanently locked into that differentiated state with his revolutionary findings on induced pluripotent stem cells. The new reality, which seemed revolutionary in some ways in 2006-2007, now is established fact.

So what about the idea of the human heart have resident populations of stem cells that can fix problems, perhaps as severe as damage from heart attacks? One of the first stem cell talks I ever saw way back around IPS cells were discovered was by a guy who assumed the factual answer to this question was Yes!

What about now in 2020? I have an ongoing Twitter poll on this question as of Nov. 5, 2020 so check it out below.

Today the cardiac regenerative field finds itself at an interesting crossroads.

A few say yes there are cardiac stem cells and that they can mediate repair. However, most heart researchers that Ive talked to in recent years feel just as strongly that there are no such cells. Some also have added that even if there are at least a handful of such cells or they arise due to damage, they cant do anything meaningful about serious heart damage.

I asked cardiac stem cell expert, Deepak Srivastava for his thoughts on this in a previous post and foundhis answercompelling. Because that was a fairly long time ago, I got an update to the same kind of question just now from two leading cardiac regenerative medicine and stem cell researchers.

Associate Professor of Medicine and Director of Cardiovascular Regenerative Medicine at Mt. Sinai, Hina Chaudhry had this to say:

One thing is certain: As both a clinical cardiologist who has cared for patients with heart attacks and a stem cell biologist, I can tell you that no scientific data supports an endogenous stem cell population in the adult heart and that no adult with a transmural myocardial infarction ever loses the resulting scar throughout their lifetime.

Professor Chuck Murry of the UW sent this:

Our current best evidence suggests that there are no stem cells in the adult heart that can give rise to new cardiomyocytes. This has been studied intensivelyfrom the bottom up, by tracing candidate stem cells and following their differentiated progeny, and from the top down by marking pre-existing cardiomyocytes and looking for their dilution as unmarked stem cells enter the pool. Both have shown the same thing: if this happens at all, its frequency is on the order of 10e-4 per year, which by any measure is next to nothing. There is slow turnover of cardiomyocytes in the adult mammalian heart, at ~1% per year, and this can be accounted for entirely by replication of pre-existing cardiomyocytes. One has to wonder, why has Nature done this? Why would such a vital organ have no stem cells for replenishment, along with such a low rate of endogenous replication?

I believe that Drs. Murry and Chaudhry are right. Chucks last question there is one for long discussions and is similar to discussions Ive had about the few stem cells/potential for endogenous repair in the adult human brain.

Still, you can find a diversity of papers now in 2020 in PubMed with Heart Regeneration or Cardiac Regeneration or Cardiac stem cells in their titles. However, many of the papers relate to stem cell infusions rather than invoking endogenous resident cells.

If not in humans, what about other mammals? There are glimpses of interesting possible stem cell activity in the mammalian heart, even if not in humans

A November 2014Cell Stem Cell paper from the lab of Juan Carlos Izpisua Belmonte, entitled InVivo Activation of a Conserved MicroRNA Program Induces Mammalian Heart Regeneration, argues for endogenous mammalian heart regeneration in part via dedifferentiation of cells into stem-like cells. This raises the interesting notion that while the mammalian heart does not normally have many (or any?) resident stem cells, damage can change some other cells into stem cell-like cells.

One of the biggest advocates of endogenous cardiac stem cells and repair, Piero Anversa formerly of Harvard and Brigham and Womens Hospital, has become one of the most controversial as well. His papers have come under fire and some have been retracted. Anversa was the subject of a Harvard investigation and was suing Harvard for how it has conducted the investigation and other matters related to his work.

In my view, his situation has raised even more skepticism about the idea of endogenous heart stem cells in people.

Even if the endogenous stem cell-like activity in the heart is absent or not enough to mediate clinically significant repair in humans, by deciphering the molecular basis of this kind of activity in other animals could the field still open the door to powerful new treatments for heart disease? For instance, if some adult mammalian hearts naturally replace 1 in 200 cells per year, perhaps cardiac researchers can find a way to boost that by an order of magnitude with a drug and have a meaningful impact for human patients.

Or if dedifferentiation of non-stem cells in the heart into stem cell-like cells can be induced by damage, could a drug therapy trigger that same effect even if damage occurred long ago or in the context of relatively minor damage?

Many researchers are focusing more on using injections of stem cells into the heart to repair damage. The types of stem cells being used for research attempts at heart repair are very diverse, including both placental cells and indirect use of IPS cells in Japan via a recently approved trial there.

Even the area of stem cell transplants into the heart generates its share of debate and well have to see in the long run how the clinical trial data turn out. I hope there can be positive impact in the future given the overwhelming number of people with heart damage.

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Can Hearts Repair Themselves Via Stem Cells - The Niche

Stem cells as therapy for heart disease: iPSCs, ESCs, CSCs …

Heart Diseases are serious and global public health concern. In spite of remarkable therapeutic developments, the prediction of patients with Heart Failure (HF) is weak, and present therapeutic attitudes do not report the fundamental problem of the cardiac tissue loss. Innovative therapies are required to reduce mortality and limit or abolish the necessity for cardiac transplantation. Stem cell-based therapies applied to the treatment of heart disease is according to the understanding that natural self-renewing procedures are inherent to the myocardium, nonetheless may not be adequate to recover the infarcted heart muscle. Following the first account of cell therapy in heart diseases, examination has kept up to rapidity; besides, several animals and human clinical trials have been conducted to preserve the capacity of numerous stem cell population in advance cardiac function and decrease infarct size. The purpose of this study was to censoriously evaluate the works performed regarding the usage of four major subgroups of stem cells, including induced Pluripotent Stem Cells (iPSC), Embryonic Stem Cells (ESCs), Cardiac Stem Cells (CDC), and Skeletal Myoblasts, in heart diseases, at the preclinical and clinical studies. Moreover, it is aimed to argue the existing disagreements, unsolved problems, and prospect directions.

Keywords: Heart disease; Myocardial regeneration; Stem cells; Tissue repair.

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Stem cells as therapy for heart disease: iPSCs, ESCs, CSCs ...

Global Autologous Stem Cell Based Therapies Market 2020 Segmentation, Statistics, Top Manufacturers, Regional Analysis and Forecast to 2025 – The…

.biz has announced a business intelligence study on Global Autologous Stem Cell Based Therapies Market 2020 by Company, Type and Application, Forecast to 2025 that reveals diverse information allowing keen market participants to understand the measures of the market. The report sheds light on market developments, noteworthy trends as well as competitive vendor activities and performance analysis. The report is aimed at offering readers real-time data vital to drive future-ready investment decisions. The research focuses on the dominant trends, persistent challenges, and threats, as well as budding opportunities influencing growth scenarios in the global Autologous Stem Cell Based Therapies market. The market report is a comprehensive research that demonstrates overall consumption structure, development trends, well-known providers, and market segments.

Executive Summary:

The report assesses the historical and future timelines, accurate growth predictions, and forecast estimations, and fast-changing market forces. The report draws references for an extensive analysis of the global Autologous Stem Cell Based Therapies market, entailing important details about key market players, with a broad overview of expansion probability and expansion strategies. The report has been designed and presented in the form of tables and figures and other statistical to generate higher reader perception. Later in the report, details on manufacturer information, leading market participants as well as other key players have also been added.

NOTE: Our analysts monitoring the situation across the globe explains that the market will generate remunerative prospects for producers post COVID-19 crisis. The report aims to provide an additional illustration of the latest scenario, economic slowdown, and COVID-19 impact on the overall industry.

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Understanding Scope:

Leading companies covered in the report include: Regeneus, US STEM CELL, INC., Mesoblast, Med cell Europe, Pluristem Therapeutics Inc, Tigenix, Brainstorm Cell Therapeutics

By the product type, the market is primarily split into: Embryonic Stem Cell, Resident Cardiac Stem Cells, Umbilical Cord Blood Stem Cells

By the end-users/application, this report covers the following segments: Neurodegenerative Disorders, Autoimmune Diseases, Cardiovascular Diseases

The report contains detailed market size and forecast for the following countries and regions: North America (United States, Canada and Mexico), Europe (Germany, France, United Kingdom, Russia and Italy), Asia-Pacific (China, Japan, Korea, India, Southeast Asia and Australia), South America (Brazil, Argentina), Middle East & Africa (Saudi Arabia, UAE, Egypt and South Africa)

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Moreover, upstream raw materials, downstream demand analysis, and end-user industry listings have been studied with vendors in this global Autologous Stem Cell Based Therapies market. Product flows and distribution channels were also presented in this research report. The report includes broad market segmentation based on the different product types, a wide application spectrum, the key regions, and the existing competition among players. In addition, the report reviews pricing analysis, profit margins, cost and demand volatility, import/export dynamics, gross revenue, and various other aspects of the market.

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The Amniotic Fluid Stem Cell Therapy market to be in conjunction to growth from 2018 to 2026 – PRnews Leader

Stem cells are biological cells which have the ability to distinguish into specialized cells, which are capable of cell division through mitosis. Amniotic fluid stem cells are a collective mixture of stem cells obtained from amniotic tissues and fluid. Amniotic fluid is clear, slightly yellowish liquid which surrounds the fetus during pregnancy and is discarded as medical waste during caesarean section deliveries. Amniotic fluid is a source of valuable biological material which includes stem cells which can be potentially used in cell therapy and regenerative therapies. Amniotic fluid stem cells can be developed into a different type of tissues such as cartilage, skin, cardiac nerves, bone, and muscles. Amniotic fluid stem cells are able to find the damaged joint caused by rheumatoid arthritis and differentiate tissues which are damaged.

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Medical conditions where no drug is able to lessen the symptoms and begin the healing process are the major target for amniotic fluid stem cell therapy. Amniotic fluid stem cells therapy is a solution to those patients who do not want to undergo surgery. Amniotic fluid has a high concentration of stem cells, cytokines, proteins and other important components. Amniotic fluid stem cell therapy is safe and effective treatment which contain growth factor helps to stimulate tissue growth, naturally reduce inflammation. Amniotic fluid also contains hyaluronic acid which acts as a lubricant and promotes cartilage growth.

With increasing technological advancement in the healthcare, amniotic fluid stem cell therapy has more advantage over the other therapy. Amniotic fluid stem cell therapy eliminates the chances of surgery and organs are regenerated, without causing any damage. These are some of the factors driving the growth of amniotic fluid stem cell therapy market over the forecast period. Increasing prevalence of chronic diseases which can be treated with the amniotic fluid stem cell therapy propel the market growth for amniotic fluid stem cell therapy, globally. Increasing funding by the government in research and development of stem cell therapy may drive the amniotic fluid stem cell therapy market growth. But, high procedure cost, difficulties in collecting the amniotic fluid and lack of reimbursement policies hinder the growth of amniotic fluid stem cell therapy market.

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The global amniotic fluid stem cell therapy market is segmented on basis of treatment, application, end user and geography:

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Rapid technological advancement in healthcare, and favorable results of the amniotic fluid stem cells therapy will increase the market for amniotic fluid stem cell therapy over the forecast period. Increasing public-private investment for stem cells in managing disease and improving healthcare infrastructure are expected to propel the growth of the amniotic fluid stem cell therapy market.

However, on the basis of geography, global Amniotic Fluid Stem Cell Therapy Market is segmented into six key regionsviz. North America, Latin America, Europe, Asia Pacific Excluding China, China and Middle East & Africa. North America captured the largest shares in global Amniotic Fluid Stem Cell Therapy Market and is projected to continue over the forecast period owing to technological advancement in the healthcare and growing awareness among the population towards the new research and development in the stem cell therapy. Europe is expected to account for the second largest revenue share in the amniotic fluid stem cell therapy market. The Asia Pacific is anticipated to have rapid growth in near future owing to increasing healthcare set up and improving healthcare expenditure. Latin America and the Middle East and Africa account for slow growth in the market of amniotic fluid stem cell therapy due to lack of medical facilities and technical knowledge.

Some of the key players operating in global amniotic fluid stem cell therapy market are Stem Shot, Provia Laboratories LLC, Thermo Fisher Scientific Inc. Mesoblast Ltd., Roslin Cells, Regeneus Ltd. etc. among others.

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The Amniotic Fluid Stem Cell Therapy market to be in conjunction to growth from 2018 to 2026 - PRnews Leader

BioCardia Reports Third Quarter 2020 Financial Results and Business Highlights – GlobeNewswire

SAN CARLOS, Calif., Nov. 10, 2020 (GLOBE NEWSWIRE) -- BioCardia, Inc.[NASDAQ: BCDA], a leader in the development of autologous and allogenic cell therapies, today reported financial results and business highlights for the third quarter of 2020 and filed its quarterly report on Form 10-Q for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2020 with the Securities and Exchange Commission on November 10, 2020.

The Company is advancing its autologous and allogenic bone marrow-derived cell therapies for three cardiovascular indications and one respiratory indication.

Third Quarter 2020 Business Highlights:

Autologous Cell Therapies

Allogenic Cell Therapies

Corporate Developments

We are reaching critical milestones in our cardiovascular and respiratory cell therapy development programs at a time when patients are increasingly presenting with heart damage due to COVID-19, said BioCardia CEO Peter Altman, PhD. We believe that the clinical data supports patient benefit through paracrine mechanisms, which differs from those attempting to transform cells into new heart cells, and believe that the approach has tremendous promise to help patients suffering from severe heart and respiratory diseases.

Third Quarter 2020 Financial Results:

Anticipated Upcoming Milestones in Q4 2020:

About BioCardiaBioCardia, Inc., headquartered in San Carlos, California, is developing regenerative biologic therapies to treat cardiovascular and respiratory disease. CardiAMP autologous and Neurokinin-1 Receptor Positive allogenic cell therapies are the Companys biotherapeutic platforms in clinical development. The Company's products include the Helix Biotherapeutic Delivery System and its steerable guide and sheath catheter portfolio. BioCardia also partners with other biotherapeutic companies to provide its Helix system and clinical support for their programs studying therapies for the treatment of heart failure, chronic myocardial ischemia and acute myocardial infarction. For more information, visit http://www.BioCardia.com.

Forward Looking StatementsThis press release contains forward-looking statements that are subject to many risks and uncertainties. Forward-looking statements include, among other things, references to the enrollment of our clinical trials, the availability of data from our clinical trials, filings with the FDA, FDA product clearances, the efficacy and safety of our products and therapies, anticipated milestones, and other statements regarding our intentions, beliefs, projections, outlook, analyses or current expectations. Such risks and uncertainties include, among others, the inherent uncertainties associated with developing new products or technologies, regulatory approvals, unexpected expenditures, the ability to raise the additional funding needed to continue to pursue BioCardias business and product development plans and overall market conditions.We may find it difficult to enroll patients in our clinical trials due to many factors, some of which are outside of our control.Slower than targeted enrollment could delay completion of our clinical trials and delay or prevent development of our therapeutic candidates.These forward-looking statements are made as of the date of this press release, and BioCardia assumes no obligation to update the forward-looking statements.

We may use terms such as believes, estimates, anticipates, expects, plans, intends, may, could, might, will, should, approximately or other words that convey the uncertainty of future events or outcomes to identify these forward-looking statements. Although we believe that we have a reasonable basis for each forward-looking statement contained herein, we caution you that forward-looking statements are not guarantees of future performance and that our actual results may differ materially from the forward-looking statements contained in this press release. As a result of these factors, we cannot assure you that the forward-looking statements in this press release will prove to be accurate.Additional factors that could materially affect actual results can be found in our documents filed with the SEC, including our recent filings on Form 8-K, Form 10-K and Form 10-Q, particularly any statements under the caption entitled Risk Factors Therein. BioCardia expressly disclaims any intent or obligation to update these forward-looking statements, except as required by law.

Media Contact:Michelle McAdam, Chronic Communications, Inc.michelle@chronic-comm.com(310) 902-1274

Investor Contact:David McClung, Chief Financial OfficerInvestors@BioCardia.com(650) 226-0120

BIOCARDIA, INC.Condensed Statements of Operations(Unaudited In thousands, except share and per share amounts)

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BioCardia Reports Third Quarter 2020 Financial Results and Business Highlights - GlobeNewswire

Exploring Genetic Variation and COVID-19 Clinical Variability – Technology Networks

One of the biggest challenges that scientists and healthcare professionals are facing during the COVID-19 pandemic is the high rate of clinical variability. Whilst some patients present as asymptomatic, others are developing more severe symptoms such as pneumonia, and some cases are ultimately proving fatal. Why?The answer remains elusive; however, extensive research is exploring the possible contribution our genetics may be having. Genetic variation differences in the DNA sequences that make up our genome can impact our response to infectious diseases.

GoodCell uniquely measures and monitors inherited and acquired genetic variations in stem cells and other nucleated cells in our blood over time. Technology Networks recently spoke with Dr Salvatore Viscomi, chief medical officer at GoodCell, and attending physical at Baystate Health, to explore factors that might influence COVID-19 risk, and to discuss how the company is working to identify at-risk individuals through genetic variation analysis.

Molly Campbell (MC): For our readers that may be unfamiliar, can you discuss why medicine is moving towards a personalized approach, and why this is important considering genetic variation?Salvatore Viscomi (SV): Healthcare has traditionally taken the approach of one size fits all in defining individual risk for a disease and prescribing therapy for it. Understanding the differences between individuals on a molecular level optimizes assessment of an individuals susceptibility to a certain disease and predicting response to pharmacological therapy. Genomics plays the most important role in the emergence of personalized therapy. Identifying the inherited and acquired genetic variation will direct personalized screening and prevention plans and inform bespoke medical therapies.

MC: We know that there is high clinical variability across COVID-19 patients. How might genetic variation be contributing here, and what published evidence exists to support this?SV: Understanding immune response is critical to identifying individuals at high risk of severe morbidity and mortality. Emerging research suggests that accumulated genetic variation in our blood cells may be associated with a dysfunctional inflammatory response to COVID-19 leading to its pulmonary, cardiac and coagulopathic complications.

In a recent study published by JAMA Cardiology, researchers demonstrated an association between the presence of accumulated genetic change in our blood cells and a pro-inflammatory immune response that resembles the exaggerated cytokine release syndrome (CRS) manifested in COVID-19-positive patients. Direct evidence has emerged more recently; a study published in Cancers examined patients hospitalized with COVID-19 and found a significantly higher prevalence of accumulated genetic variation in all age groups compared to age-matched control groups.

MC: What impact might genetic variation in COVID-19 patients have on efforts to develop therapeutics or preventives, such as vaccines?SV: Identifying highly susceptible individuals through blood testing could have many applications. As an initial wave of vaccines move through Phase III trials and potentially come to market, we would have the data to determine prioritization of vaccinations when one is available. Business and government sectors need insight into risk factors that can inform inoculation strategies for societys most vulnerable, inform decisions around who should and should not be on the front lines, and give people more control when making personal decisions about how to mitigate individual risk. The broader field of genetics offers a window into the potential to correlate inherited and acquired gene mutations with immune response for the betterment of society, providing a more robust and accurate set of risk factors unique to every individual.

Furthermore, in high-risk individuals, targeting inflammation may be a clinical strategy to mitigate its clinical consequencesin COVID-19. For example, we may identify patients who are most responsive to pro-inflammatory inhibitors. Implementing measures intended to reduce subjects exposure to the infection or likelihood of contracting such infection through self-isolation, quarantine or social distancing may be advised.

MC: Can you explain the aims of GoodCell, and what the company does in terms of "banking blood for life"?SV: GoodCells mission is to extend and improve the quality of life through technology powered by our own cells. Blood is the author of our bodies, and can both cure as well as cause disease. Through our proprietary data aggregation and analytics technology platform, which aims to decode our blood cells and harness their insights to advance population and personal health, we empower individuals to identify, track and mitigate health risks. By getting ahead of their health risks, we enable the potential for a better life. In addition, through our personal biobanking service, long-term storage of your healthiest cells provides the opportunity for potential use in future therapeutics if you need them you are your best donor.

MC: Does GoodCell measure other "omics" parameters outside of genomics (DNA measurements and analysis), such as proteomics or metabolomics?SV: GoodCells platform leverages the power of blood to assess risk as such, we of course look at acquired and inherited genetic changes, but there are many more opportunities afforded by blood to understand and assess risk including routine blood chemistry tests, tests for biomarkers of disease, including emerging capabilities in liquid biopsy for earlier detection of solid tumor cancers. Ultimately, we are always looking to incorporate novel health and data insights into our product platform to better inform both an individuals health, as well as population-based health. Transcriptomics, epigenomics and metabolomics are but a few of the opportunities we are evaluating.

MC: What work is GoodCell currently conducting in the COVID-19 space?SV: GoodCell is currently engaged in a research collaboration with the New York Blood Center to evaluate how specific acquired and inherited genetic variation contribute to COVID-19 severity and recovery. We are analyzing genetic variation in asymptomatic/mildly symptomatic patients compared to hospitalized/ICU patients. GoodCell will evaluate the genetic variation in the collected samples using our proprietary assay platform to identify and validate their association with COVID-19 morbidity and mortality.

Salvatore Viscomi was speaking to Molly Campbell, Science Writer, Technology Networks.

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Exploring Genetic Variation and COVID-19 Clinical Variability - Technology Networks

Autologous Stem Cell Based Therapies Market 2020 Emerging Trend and Advancement – News by aeresearch

The recent study on the Autologous Stem Cell Based Therapies market offers a competitive advantage to organizations operating in this industry vertical through a comprehensive assessment of the present and future growth prospects.

The report explicates important facets such as primary growth catalysts, and opportunities that will ensure the revenue flow in the coming years. Further, it lists the challenges and limitations along with solutions to overcome them. Insights germane to the market share and growth rate estimates of the industry segments are also provided as well.

Apart from this, the study delves into the business scenario across the various regional markets and profiles the companies that have reigned in these geographies. Further, it highlights the prevalent strategies adopted by leading companies while simultaneously suggesting changes and new tactics for adapting to the uncertainties brought in by the Covid-19 pandemic.

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Key pointers from the TOC of the Autologous Stem Cell Based Therapies market report:

Product gamut

Application scope

Regional outlook

Competitive landscape

In conclusion, the study systematically investigates the Autologous Stem Cell Based Therapies market through various segments to provide a broad view of this business sphere. In addition, it expounds the supply chain in terms of distributors, downstream consumers, and upstream material and equipment traders in this industry.

Reasons to access this Report:

The key questions answered in this report:

Significant Point Mentioned in theResearch report:

Table of Contents for market shares by application, research objectives, market sections by type and forecast years considered:

Autologous Stem Cell Based Therapies Market Share by Key Players: Here, capital, revenue, and price analysis by the business are included along with other sections such as development plans, areas served, products offered by key players, alliance and acquisition and headquarters distribution.

Global Growth Trends: Industry trends, the growth rate of major producers, and production analysis are the segments included in this chapter.

Market Size by Application: This segment includes Autologous Stem Cell Based Therapies market consumption analysis by application.

Autologous Stem Cell Based Therapies market Size by Type: It includes analysis of value, product utility, market percentage, and production market share by type.

Profiles of Manufacturers: Here, commanding players of the global Autologous Stem Cell Based Therapies market are studied based on sales area, key products, gross margin, revenue, price, and production.

Autologous Stem Cell Based Therapies Market Value Chain and Sales Channel Analysis: It includes customer, distributor, market value chain, and sales channel analysis.

Market Forecast: This section is focused on production and production value forecast, key producers forecast by type, application, and regions

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Autologous Stem Cell Based Therapies Market 2020 Emerging Trend and Advancement - News by aeresearch

KEYTRUDA (pembrolizumab) Plus LENVIMA (lenvatinib) Demonstrated Statistically Significant Improvement in Progression-Free Survival (PFS), Overall…

KENILWORTH, N.J., & WOODCLIFF LAKE, N.J.--(BUSINESS WIRE)--Nov 10, 2020--

Merck (NYSE: MRK):

KEYTRUDA (pembrolizumab) Plus LENVIMA (lenvatinib) Demonstrated Statistically Significant Improvement inProgression-Free Survival (PFS), Overall Survival (OS) and Objective Response Rate (ORR) Versus Sunitinib as First-Line Treatment for Patients With Advanced Renal Cell Carcinoma

LENVIMA Plus Everolimus Also Showed Statistically Significant Improvement in PFS and ORR Endpoints Versus Sunitinib

Results of Investigational Phase 3 KEYNOTE-581/CLEAR Trial (Study 307) to be Presented at Upcoming Medical Meeting

Merck (NYSE: MRK), known as MSD outside the United States and Canada, and Eisai today announced new investigational data demonstrating positive top-line results from the pivotal Phase 3 KEYNOTE-581/CLEAR trial (Study 307). In the trial, the combinations of KEYTRUDA, Mercks anti-PD-1 therapy, plus LENVIMA, the orally available multiple receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor discovered by Eisai, and LENVIMA plus everolimus were evaluated versus sunitinib for the first-line treatment of patients with advanced renal cell carcinoma (RCC). KEYTRUDA plus LENVIMA met the trials primary endpoint of progression-free survival (PFS) and its key secondary endpoints of overall survival (OS) and objective response rate (ORR), demonstrating a statistically significant and clinically meaningful improvement in PFS, OS and ORR versus sunitinib in the intention-to-treat (ITT) study population. LENVIMA plus everolimus also met the trials primary endpoint of PFS and a key secondary endpoint of ORR, demonstrating a statistically significant and clinically meaningful improvement in PFS and ORR versus sunitinib in the ITT study population. The ITT population included patients across all Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center (MSKCC) risk groups (favorable, intermediate and poor). The safety profiles of both KEYTRUDA plus LENVIMA and LENVIMA plus everolimus were consistent with previously reported studies. Merck and Eisai will discuss these data with regulatory authorities worldwide, with the intent to submit marketing authorization applications based on these results, which will be presented at an upcoming medical meeting.

The results for KEYTRUDA plus LENVIMA versus sunitinib, which showed a statistically significant improvement in progression-free survival, overall survival and objective response rate, build on the growing scientific evidence that supports the investigation of KEYTRUDA-based combinations for the first-line treatment of advanced renal cell carcinoma, said Dr. Gregory Lubiniecki, Associate Vice President, Oncology Clinical Research, Merck Research Laboratories. Merck and Eisai are committed to working together to continue to explore the potential of the KEYTRUDA plus LENVIMA combination, particularly in areas of great unmet need such as renal cell carcinoma.

The results from KEYNOTE-581/CLEAR (Study 307) support the potential use of KEYTRUDA plus LENVIMA for the first-line treatment of advanced RCC. These data also support the potential first-line use of LENVIMA plus everolimus, which is already approved in advanced RCC following prior antiangiogenic therapy, said Dr. Takashi Owa, Vice President, Chief Medicine Creation and Chief Discovery Officer, Oncology Business Group at Eisai. These findings energize our efforts as we continue to advance our understanding and address the unmet needs of patients with difficult-to-treat cancers.

Merck and Eisai are continuing to study the KEYTRUDA plus LENVIMA combination through the LEAP (LEnvatinib And Pembrolizumab) clinical program across 19 trials in 13 different tumor types (endometrial carcinoma, hepatocellular carcinoma, melanoma, non-small cell lung cancer, RCC, squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck, urothelial cancer, biliary tract cancer, colorectal cancer, gastric cancer, glioblastoma, ovarian cancer and triple-negative breast cancer).

About KEYNOTE-581/CLEAR (Study 307)

KEYNOTE-581/CLEAR (Study 307) is a multi-center, randomized, open-label, Phase 3 trial (ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT02811861 ) evaluating LENVIMA in combination with KEYTRUDA or in combination with everolimus versus sunitinib for the first-line treatment of patients with advanced RCC. The primary endpoint is PFS by independent review per RECIST v1.1 criteria. Key secondary endpoints include OS, ORR and safety. The study enrolled approximately 1,050 patients who were randomized to one of three treatment arms to receive:

About Renal Cell Carcinoma (RCC)

Worldwide, it is estimated there were more than 403,000 new cases of kidney cancer diagnosed and more than 175,000 deaths from the disease in 2018. In the U.S. alone, it is estimated there will be nearly 74,000 new cases of kidney cancer diagnosed and almost 15,000 deaths from the disease in 2020. Renal cell carcinoma is by far the most common type of kidney cancer; about nine out of 10 kidney cancers are RCCs. Renal cell carcinoma is about twice as common in men as in women. Most cases of RCC are discovered incidentally during imaging tests for other abdominal diseases. Approximately 30% of patients with RCC will have metastatic disease at diagnosis, and as many as 40% will develop metastases after primary surgical treatment for localized RCC. Survival is highly dependent on the stage at diagnosis, and with a five-year survival rate of 12% for metastatic disease, the prognosis for these patients is poor.

About KEYTRUDA (pembrolizumab) Injection, 100 mg

KEYTRUDA is an anti-PD-1 therapy that works by increasing the ability of the bodys immune system to help detect and fight tumor cells. KEYTRUDA is a humanized monoclonal antibody that blocks the interaction between PD-1 and its ligands, PD-L1 and PD-L2, thereby activating T lymphocytes which may affect both tumor cells and healthy cells.

Merck has the industrys largest immuno-oncology clinical research program. There are currently more than 1,200 trials studying KEYTRUDA across a wide variety of cancers and treatment settings. The KEYTRUDA clinical program seeks to understand the role of KEYTRUDA across cancers and the factors that may predict a patient's likelihood of benefitting from treatment with KEYTRUDA, including exploring several different biomarkers.

Selected KEYTRUDA (pembrolizumab) Indications

Melanoma

KEYTRUDA is indicated for the treatment of patients with unresectable or metastatic melanoma.

KEYTRUDA is indicated for the adjuvant treatment of patients with melanoma with involvement of lymph node(s) following complete resection.

Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer

KEYTRUDA, in combination with pemetrexed and platinum chemotherapy, is indicated for the first-line treatment of patients with metastatic nonsquamous non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), with no EGFR or ALK genomic tumor aberrations.

KEYTRUDA, in combination with carboplatin and either paclitaxel or paclitaxel protein-bound, is indicated for the first-line treatment of patients with metastatic squamous NSCLC.

KEYTRUDA, as a single agent, is indicated for the first-line treatment of patients with NSCLC expressing PD-L1 [tumor proportion score (TPS) 1%] as determined by an FDA-approved test, with no EGFR or ALK genomic tumor aberrations, and is stage III where patients are not candidates for surgical resection or definitive chemoradiation, or metastatic.

KEYTRUDA, as a single agent, is indicated for the treatment of patients with metastatic NSCLC whose tumors express PD-L1 (TPS 1%) as determined by an FDA-approved test, with disease progression on or after platinum-containing chemotherapy. Patients with EGFR or ALK genomic tumor aberrations should have disease progression on FDA-approved therapy for these aberrations prior to receiving KEYTRUDA.

Small Cell Lung Cancer

KEYTRUDA is indicated for the treatment of patients with metastatic small cell lung cancer (SCLC) with disease progression on or after platinum-based chemotherapy and at least 1 other prior line of therapy. This indication is approved under accelerated approval based on tumor response rate and durability of response. Continued approval for this indication may be contingent upon verification and description of clinical benefit in confirmatory trials.

Head and Neck Squamous Cell Cancer

KEYTRUDA, in combination with platinum and fluorouracil (FU), is indicated for the first-line treatment of patients with metastatic or with unresectable, recurrent head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC).

KEYTRUDA, as a single agent, is indicated for the first-line treatment of patients with metastatic or with unresectable, recurrent HNSCC whose tumors express PD-L1 [combined positive score (CPS) 1] as determined by an FDA-approved test.

KEYTRUDA, as a single agent, is indicated for the treatment of patients with recurrent or metastatic head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) with disease progression on or after platinum-containing chemotherapy.

Classical Hodgkin Lymphoma

KEYTRUDA is indicated for the treatment of adult patients with relapsed or refractory classical Hodgkin lymphoma (cHL).

KEYTRUDA is indicated for the treatment of pediatric patients with refractory cHL, or cHL that has relapsed after 2 or more lines of therapy.

Primary Mediastinal Large B-Cell Lymphoma

KEYTRUDA is indicated for the treatment of adult and pediatric patients with refractory primary mediastinal large B-cell lymphoma (PMBCL), or who have relapsed after 2 or more prior lines of therapy. This indication is approved under accelerated approval based on tumor response rate and durability of response. Continued approval for this indication may be contingent upon verification and description of clinical benefit in confirmatory trials. KEYTRUDA is not recommended for treatment of patients with PMBCL who require urgent cytoreductive therapy.

Urothelial Carcinoma

KEYTRUDA is indicated for the treatment of patients with locally advanced or metastatic urothelial carcinoma (mUC) who are not eligible for cisplatin-containing chemotherapy and whose tumors express PD-L1 [combined positive score (CPS) 10], as determined by an FDA-approved test, or in patients who are not eligible for any platinum-containing chemotherapy regardless of PD-L1 status. This indication is approved under accelerated approval based on tumor response rate and duration of response. Continued approval for this indication may be contingent upon verification and description of clinical benefit in confirmatory trials.

KEYTRUDA is indicated for the treatment of patients with locally advanced or metastatic urothelial carcinoma (mUC) who have disease progression during or following platinum-containing chemotherapy or within 12 months of neoadjuvant or adjuvant treatment with platinum-containing chemotherapy.

KEYTRUDA is indicated for the treatment of patients with Bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG)-unresponsive, high-risk, non-muscle invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC) with carcinoma in situ (CIS) with or without papillary tumors who are ineligible for or have elected not to undergo cystectomy.

Microsatellite Instability-High or Mismatch Repair Deficient Cancer

KEYTRUDA is indicated for the treatment of adult and pediatric patients with unresectable or metastatic microsatellite instability-high (MSI-H) or mismatch repair deficient (dMMR)

This indication is approved under accelerated approval based on tumor response rate and durability of response. Continued approval for this indication may be contingent upon verification and description of clinical benefit in the confirmatory trials. The safety and effectiveness of KEYTRUDA in pediatric patients with MSI-H central nervous system cancers have not been established.

Microsatellite Instability-High or Mismatch Repair Deficient Colorectal Cancer

KEYTRUDA is indicated for the first-line treatment of patients with unresectable or metastatic MSI-H or dMMR colorectal cancer (CRC).

Gastric Cancer

KEYTRUDA is indicated for the treatment of patients with recurrent locally advanced or metastatic gastric or gastroesophageal junction (GEJ) adenocarcinoma whose tumors express PD-L1 (CPS 1) as determined by an FDA-approved test, with disease progression on or after two or more prior lines of therapy including fluoropyrimidine- and platinum-containing chemotherapy and if appropriate, HER2/neu-targeted therapy. This indication is approved under accelerated approval based on tumor response rate and durability of response. Continued approval for this indication may be contingent upon verification and description of clinical benefit in the confirmatory trials.

Esophageal Cancer

KEYTRUDA is indicated for the treatment of patients with recurrent locally advanced or metastatic squamous cell carcinoma of the esophagus whose tumors express PD-L1 (CPS 10) as determined by an FDA-approved test, with disease progression after one or more prior lines of systemic therapy.

Cervical Cancer

KEYTRUDA is indicated for the treatment of patients with recurrent or metastatic cervical cancer with disease progression on or after chemotherapy whose tumors express PD-L1 (CPS 1) as determined by an FDA-approved test. This indication is approved under accelerated approval based on tumor response rate and durability of response. Continued approval for this indication may be contingent upon verification and description of clinical benefit in the confirmatory trials.

Hepatocellular Carcinoma

KEYTRUDA is indicated for the treatment of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) who have been previously treated with sorafenib. This indication is approved under accelerated approval based on tumor response rate and durability of response. Continued approval for this indication may be contingent upon verification and description of clinical benefit in the confirmatory trials.

Merkel Cell Carcinoma

KEYTRUDA is indicated for the treatment of adult and pediatric patients with recurrent locally advanced or metastatic Merkel cell carcinoma (MCC). This indication is approved under accelerated approval based on tumor response rate and durability of response. Continued approval for this indication may be contingent upon verification and description of clinical benefit in the confirmatory trials.

Renal Cell Carcinoma

KEYTRUDA, in combination with axitinib, is indicated for the first-line treatment of patients with advanced renal cell carcinoma (RCC).

Endometrial Carcinoma

KEYTRUDA, in combination with LENVIMA, is indicated for the treatment of patients with advanced endometrial carcinoma that is not MSI-H or dMMR, who have disease progression following prior systemic therapy and are not candidates for curative surgery or radiation. This indication is approved under accelerated approval based on tumor response rate and durability of response. Continued approval for this indication may be contingent upon verification and description of clinical benefit in the confirmatory trial.

Tumor Mutational Burden-High

KEYTRUDA is indicated for the treatment of adult and pediatric patients with unresectable or metastatic tumor mutational burden-high (TMB-H) [10 mutations/megabase (mut/Mb)] solid tumors, as determined by an FDA-approved test, that have progressed following prior treatment and who have no satisfactory alternative treatment options. This indication is approved under accelerated approval based on tumor response rate and durability of response. Continued approval for this indication may be contingent upon verification and description of clinical benefit in the confirmatory trials. The safety and effectiveness of KEYTRUDA in pediatric patients with TMB-H central nervous system cancers have not been established.

Cutaneous Squamous Cell Carcinoma

KEYTRUDA is indicated for the treatment of patients with recurrent or metastatic cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC) that is not curable by surgery or radiation.

Selected Important Safety Information for KEYTRUDA (pembrolizumab)

Immune-Mediated Pneumonitis

KEYTRUDA can cause immune-mediated pneumonitis, including fatal cases. Pneumonitis occurred in 3.4% (94/2799) of patients with various cancers receiving KEYTRUDA, including Grade 1 (0.8%), 2 (1.3%), 3 (0.9%), 4 (0.3%), and 5 (0.1%). Pneumonitis occurred in 8.2% (65/790) of NSCLC patients receiving KEYTRUDA as a single agent, including Grades 3-4 in 3.2% of patients, and occurred more frequently in patients with a history of prior thoracic radiation (17%) compared to those without (7.7%). Pneumonitis occurred in 6% (18/300) of HNSCC patients receiving KEYTRUDA as a single agent, including Grades 3-5 in 1.6% of patients, and occurred in 5.4% (15/276) of patients receiving KEYTRUDA in combination with platinum and FU as first-line therapy for advanced disease, including Grades 3-5 in 1.5% of patients.

Monitor patients for signs and symptoms of pneumonitis. Evaluate suspected pneumonitis with radiographic imaging. Administer corticosteroids for Grade 2 or greater pneumonitis. Withhold KEYTRUDA for Grade 2; permanently discontinue KEYTRUDA for Grade 3 or 4 or recurrent Grade 2 pneumonitis.

Immune-Mediated Colitis

KEYTRUDA can cause immune-mediated colitis. Colitis occurred in 1.7% (48/2799) of patients receiving KEYTRUDA, including Grade 2 (0.4%), 3 (1.1%), and 4 (<0.1%). Monitor patients for signs and symptoms of colitis. Administer corticosteroids for Grade 2 or greater colitis. Withhold KEYTRUDA for Grade 2 or 3; permanently discontinue KEYTRUDA for Grade 4 colitis.

Immune-Mediated Hepatitis (KEYTRUDA) and Hepatotoxicity (KEYTRUDA in Combination With Axitinib)

Immune-Mediated Hepatitis

KEYTRUDA can cause immune-mediated hepatitis. Hepatitis occurred in 0.7% (19/2799) of patients receiving KEYTRUDA, including Grade 2 (0.1%), 3 (0.4%), and 4 (<0.1%). Monitor patients for changes in liver function. Administer corticosteroids for Grade 2 or greater hepatitis and, based on severity of liver enzyme elevations, withhold or discontinue KEYTRUDA.

Hepatotoxicity in Combination With Axitinib

KEYTRUDA in combination with axitinib can cause hepatic toxicity with higher than expected frequencies of Grades 3 and 4 ALT and AST elevations compared to KEYTRUDA alone. With the combination of KEYTRUDA and axitinib, Grades 3 and 4 increased ALT (20%) and increased AST (13%) were seen. Monitor liver enzymes before initiation of and periodically throughout treatment. Consider more frequent monitoring of liver enzymes as compared to when the drugs are administered as single agents. For elevated liver enzymes, interrupt KEYTRUDA and axitinib, and consider administering corticosteroids as needed.

Immune-Mediated Endocrinopathies

KEYTRUDA can cause adrenal insufficiency (primary and secondary), hypophysitis, thyroid disorders, and type 1 diabetes mellitus. Adrenal insufficiency occurred in 0.8% (22/2799) of patients, including Grade 2 (0.3%), 3 (0.3%), and 4 (<0.1%). Hypophysitis occurred in 0.6% (17/2799) of patients, including Grade 2 (0.2%), 3 (0.3%), and 4 (<0.1%). Hypothyroidism occurred in 8.5% (237/2799) of patients, including Grade 2 (6.2%) and 3 (0.1%). The incidence of new or worsening hypothyroidism was higher in 1185 patients with HNSCC (16%) receiving KEYTRUDA, as a single agent or in combination with platinum and FU, including Grade 3 (0.3%) hypothyroidism. Hyperthyroidism occurred in 3.4% (96/2799) of patients, including Grade 2 (0.8%) and 3 (0.1%), and thyroiditis occurred in 0.6% (16/2799) of patients, including Grade 2 (0.3%). Type 1 diabetes mellitus, including diabetic ketoacidosis, occurred in 0.2% (6/2799) of patients.

Monitor patients for signs and symptoms of adrenal insufficiency, hypophysitis (including hypopituitarism), thyroid function (prior to and periodically during treatment), and hyperglycemia. For adrenal insufficiency or hypophysitis, administer corticosteroids and hormone replacement as clinically indicated. Withhold KEYTRUDA for Grade 2 adrenal insufficiency or hypophysitis and withhold or discontinue KEYTRUDA for Grade 3 or Grade 4 adrenal insufficiency or hypophysitis. Administer hormone replacement for hypothyroidism and manage hyperthyroidism with thionamides and beta-blockers as appropriate. Withhold or discontinue KEYTRUDA for Grade 3 or 4 hyperthyroidism. Administer insulin for type 1 diabetes, and withhold KEYTRUDA and administer antihyperglycemics in patients with severe hyperglycemia.

Immune-Mediated Nephritis and Renal Dysfunction

KEYTRUDA can cause immune-mediated nephritis. Nephritis occurred in 0.3% (9/2799) of patients receiving KEYTRUDA, including Grade 2 (0.1%), 3 (0.1%), and 4 (<0.1%) nephritis. Nephritis occurred in 1.7% (7/405) of patients receiving KEYTRUDA in combination with pemetrexed and platinum chemotherapy. Monitor patients for changes in renal function. Administer corticosteroids for Grade 2 or greater nephritis. Withhold KEYTRUDA for Grade 2; permanently discontinue for Grade 3 or 4 nephritis.

Immune-Mediated Skin Reactions

Immune-mediated rashes, including Stevens-Johnson syndrome (SJS), toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN) (some cases with fatal outcome), exfoliative dermatitis, and bullous pemphigoid, can occur. Monitor patients for suspected severe skin reactions and based on the severity of the adverse reaction, withhold or permanently discontinue KEYTRUDA and administer corticosteroids. For signs or symptoms of SJS or TEN, withhold KEYTRUDA and refer the patient for specialized care for assessment and treatment. If SJS or TEN is confirmed, permanently discontinue KEYTRUDA.

Other Immune-Mediated Adverse Reactions

Immune-mediated adverse reactions, which may be severe or fatal, can occur in any organ system or tissue in patients receiving KEYTRUDA and may also occur after discontinuation of treatment. For suspected immune-mediated adverse reactions, ensure adequate evaluation to confirm etiology or exclude other causes. Based on the severity of the adverse reaction, withhold KEYTRUDA and administer corticosteroids. Upon improvement to Grade 1 or less, initiate corticosteroid taper and continue to taper over at least 1 month. Based on limited data from clinical studies in patients whose immune-related adverse reactions could not be controlled with corticosteroid use, administration of other systemic immunosuppressants can be considered. Resume KEYTRUDA when the adverse reaction remains at Grade 1 or less following corticosteroid taper. Permanently discontinue KEYTRUDA for any Grade 3 immune-mediated adverse reaction that recurs and for any life-threatening immune-mediated adverse reaction.

The following clinically significant immune-mediated adverse reactions occurred in less than 1% (unless otherwise indicated) of 2799 patients: arthritis (1.5%), uveitis, myositis, Guillain-Barr syndrome, myasthenia gravis, vasculitis, pancreatitis, hemolytic anemia, sarcoidosis, and encephalitis. In addition, myelitis and myocarditis were reported in other clinical trials, including classical Hodgkin lymphoma, and postmarketing use.

Treatment with KEYTRUDA may increase the risk of rejection in solid organ transplant recipients. Consider the benefit of treatment vs the risk of possible organ rejection in these patients.

Infusion-Related Reactions

KEYTRUDA can cause severe or life-threatening infusion-related reactions, including hypersensitivity and anaphylaxis, which have been reported in 0.2% (6/2799) of patients. Monitor patients for signs and symptoms of infusion-related reactions. For Grade 3 or 4 reactions, stop infusion and permanently discontinue KEYTRUDA.

Complications of Allogeneic Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation (HSCT)

Immune-mediated complications, including fatal events, occurred in patients who underwent allogeneic HSCT after treatment with KEYTRUDA. Of 23 patients with cHL who proceeded to allogeneic HSCT after KEYTRUDA, 6 (26%) developed graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) (1 fatal case) and 2 (9%) developed severe hepatic veno-occlusive disease (VOD) after reduced-intensity conditioning (1 fatal case). Cases of fatal hyperacute GVHD after allogeneic HSCT have also been reported in patients with lymphoma who received a PD-1 receptorblocking antibody before transplantation. Follow patients closely for early evidence of transplant-related complications such as hyperacute graft-versus-host disease (GVHD), Grade 3 to 4 acute GVHD, steroid-requiring febrile syndrome, hepatic veno-occlusive disease (VOD), and other immune-mediated adverse reactions.

In patients with a history of allogeneic HSCT, acute GVHD (including fatal GVHD) has been reported after treatment with KEYTRUDA. Patients who experienced GVHD after their transplant procedure may be at increased risk for GVHD after KEYTRUDA. Consider the benefit of KEYTRUDA vs the risk of GVHD in these patients.

Increased Mortality in Patients With Multiple Myeloma

In trials in patients with multiple myeloma, the addition of KEYTRUDA to a thalidomide analogue plus dexamethasone resulted in increased mortality. Treatment of these patients with a PD-1 or PD-L1 blocking antibody in this combination is not recommended outside of controlled trials.

Embryofetal Toxicity

Based on its mechanism of action, KEYTRUDA can cause fetal harm when administered to a pregnant woman. Advise women of this potential risk. In females of reproductive potential, verify pregnancy status prior to initiating KEYTRUDA and advise them to use effective contraception during treatment and for 4 months after the last dose.

Adverse Reactions

In KEYNOTE-006, KEYTRUDA was discontinued due to adverse reactions in 9% of 555 patients with advanced melanoma; adverse reactions leading to permanent discontinuation in more than one patient were colitis (1.4%), autoimmune hepatitis (0.7%), allergic reaction (0.4%), polyneuropathy (0.4%), and cardiac failure (0.4%). The most common adverse reactions (20%) with KEYTRUDA were fatigue (28%), diarrhea (26%), rash (24%), and nausea (21%).

In KEYNOTE-002, KEYTRUDA was permanently discontinued due to adverse reactions in 12% of 357 patients with advanced melanoma; the most common (1%) were general physical health deterioration (1%), asthenia (1%), dyspnea (1%), pneumonitis (1%), and generalized edema (1%). The most common adverse reactions were fatigue (43%), pruritus (28%), rash (24%), constipation (22%), nausea (22%), diarrhea (20%), and decreased appetite (20%).

In KEYNOTE-054, KEYTRUDA was permanently discontinued due to adverse reactions in 14% of 509 patients; the most common (1%) were pneumonitis (1.4%), colitis (1.2%), and diarrhea (1%). Serious adverse reactions occurred in 25% of patients receiving KEYTRUDA. The most common adverse reaction (20%) with KEYTRUDA was diarrhea (28%).

In KEYNOTE-189, when KEYTRUDA was administered with pemetrexed and platinum chemotherapy in metastatic nonsquamous NSCLC, KEYTRUDA was discontinued due to adverse reactions in 20% of 405 patients. The most common adverse reactions resulting in permanent discontinuation of KEYTRUDA were pneumonitis (3%) and acute kidney injury (2%). The most common adverse reactions (20%) with KEYTRUDA were nausea (56%), fatigue (56%), constipation (35%), diarrhea (31%), decreased appetite (28%), rash (25%), vomiting (24%), cough (21%), dyspnea (21%), and pyrexia (20%).

In KEYNOTE-407, when KEYTRUDA was administered with carboplatin and either paclitaxel or paclitaxel protein-bound in metastatic squamous NSCLC, KEYTRUDA was discontinued due to adverse reactions in 15% of 101 patients. The most frequent serious adverse reactions reported in at least 2% of patients were febrile neutropenia, pneumonia, and urinary tract infection. Adverse reactions observed in KEYNOTE-407 were similar to those observed in KEYNOTE-189 with the exception that increased incidences of alopecia (47% vs 36%) and peripheral neuropathy (31% vs 25%) were observed in the KEYTRUDA and chemotherapy arm compared to the placebo and chemotherapy arm in KEYNOTE-407.

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KEYTRUDA (pembrolizumab) Plus LENVIMA (lenvatinib) Demonstrated Statistically Significant Improvement in Progression-Free Survival (PFS), Overall...

Global Progenitor Cell Product Professional Survey 2020 by Manufacturers, Regions, Types and Applications, Forecast to 2026 – Zenit News

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Global Progenitor Cell Product Professional Survey 2020 by Manufacturers, Regions, Types and Applications, Forecast to 2026 - Zenit News

Merck Announces KEYNOTE-598 Trial Evaluating KEYTRUDA (pembrolizumab) in Combination With Ipilimumab Versus KEYTRUDA Monotherapy in Certain Patients…

KENILWORTH, N.J.--(BUSINESS WIRE)--Nov 9, 2020--

Merck Announces KEYNOTE-598 Trial Evaluating KEYTRUDA (pembrolizumab) in Combination With Ipilimumab Versus KEYTRUDA Monotherapy in Certain Patients With Metastatic Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer To Stop for Futility and Patients to Discontinue Ipilimumab

Merck (NYSE: MRK), known as MSD outside the United States and Canada, today announced that it will be stopping KEYNOTE-598, a Phase 3 trial investigating KEYTRUDA, Mercks anti-PD-1 therapy, in combination with ipilimumab (Yervoy ), compared with KEYTRUDA monotherapy, for the first-line treatment of patients with metastatic non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) whose tumors express PD-L1 (tumor proportion score [TPS] 50%) with no EGFR or ALK genomic tumor aberrations. Merck is discontinuing the study following the recommendation of an independent Data Monitoring Committee (DMC), which determined the benefit/risk profile of the combination did not support continuing the trial. At an interim analysis, the combination of KEYTRUDA and ipilimumab showed no incremental benefit in overall survival (OS) or progression-free survival (PFS), the studys dual primary endpoints, compared with KEYTRUDA alone and crossed futility boundaries. No new safety signals for KEYTRUDA monotherapy were observed, however the combination of KEYTRUDA and ipilimumab was associated with a higher incidence of grade 3-5 adverse events (AEs), serious AEs, and AEs leading to discontinuation or death, compared with KEYTRUDA monotherapy. Merck will inform study investigators of the recommendation from the DMC and the DMC is advising that patients in the study discontinue treatment with ipilimumab/placebo. Data from this study will be submitted for presentation at an upcoming scientific congress and communicated to regulatory agencies.

We conducted KEYNOTE-598 in order to explicitly explore whether combining our anti-PD-1 therapy, KEYTRUDA, with ipilimumab provided additional benefits beyond treatment with KEYTRUDA alone in the metastatic non-small cell lung cancer setting, said Dr. Roy Baynes, senior vice president and head of global clinical development, chief medical officer, Merck Research Laboratories. It is very clear that in this study, the addition of ipilimumab did not add clinical benefit but did add toxicity. KEYTRUDA monotherapy remains a standard of care for the treatment of certain patients with metastatic non-small cell lung cancer whose tumors express PD-L1.

While the combination of an anti-PD-1 therapy plus ipilimumab has been approved in certain indications, studies supporting these approvals have, for the most part, not compared the combination directly with anti-PD-1 monotherapy. Bristol Myers Squibb has reported topline results of CheckMate-915, a Phase 3 study in adjuvant melanoma that directly compared treatment with ipilimumab in combination with an anti-PD-1 therapy versus the anti-PD-1 therapy alone. In two separate news releases issued over the last year, the company announced the study did not meet its co-primary endpoints in the all-comer population or in patients whose tumors expressed PD-L1 <1%. These data have not yet been presented.

Merck has an extensive clinical development program in lung cancer and is advancing multiple registration-enabling studies with KEYTRUDA in combination with other treatments and as monotherapy. The lung program is evaluating KEYTRUDA across all stages of disease and lines of therapy in over 200 trials with more than 10,000 patients.

About KEYNOTE-598

KEYNOTE-598 (ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT03302234 ) is a randomized, double-blind, Phase 3 trial investigating KEYTRUDA in combination with ipilimumab compared to KEYTRUDA monotherapy for the first-line treatment of patients with metastatic NSCLC whose tumors express PDL1 (TPS 50%) with no EGFR or ALK genomic tumor aberrations. The dual primary endpoints are OS and PFS. Secondary endpoints include objective response rate, duration of response and safety. The study enrolled 568 patients who were randomized (1:1) to receive:

About Lung Cancer

Lung cancer, which forms in the tissues of the lungs, usually within cells lining the air passages, is the leading cause of cancer death worldwide. Each year, more people die of lung cancer than die of colon and breast cancers combined. The two main types of lung cancer are non-small cell and small cell. Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is the most common type of lung cancer, accounting for about 85% of all cases. Small cell lung cancer (SCLC) accounts for about 10% to 15% of all lung cancers. Before 2014, the five-year survival rate for patients diagnosed in the U.S. with NSCLC and SCLC was estimated to be 5% and 6%, respectively.

About KEYTRUDA (pembrolizumab) Injection, 100 mg

KEYTRUDA is an anti-PD-1 therapy that works by increasing the ability of the bodys immune system to help detect and fight tumor cells. KEYTRUDA is a humanized monoclonal antibody that blocks the interaction between PD-1 and its ligands, PD-L1 and PD-L2, thereby activating T lymphocytes which may affect both tumor cells and healthy cells.

Merck has the industrys largest immuno-oncology clinical research program. There are currently more than 1,200 trials studying KEYTRUDA across a wide variety of cancers and treatment settings. The KEYTRUDA clinical program seeks to understand the role of KEYTRUDA across cancers and the factors that may predict a patient's likelihood of benefitting from treatment with KEYTRUDA, including exploring several different biomarkers.

Selected KEYTRUDA (pembrolizumab) Indications

Melanoma

KEYTRUDA is indicated for the treatment of patients with unresectable or metastatic melanoma.

KEYTRUDA is indicated for the adjuvant treatment of patients with melanoma with involvement of lymph node(s) following complete resection.

Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer

KEYTRUDA, in combination with pemetrexed and platinum chemotherapy, is indicated for the first-line treatment of patients with metastatic nonsquamous non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), with no EGFR or ALK genomic tumor aberrations.

KEYTRUDA, in combination with carboplatin and either paclitaxel or paclitaxel protein-bound, is indicated for the first-line treatment of patients with metastatic squamous NSCLC.

KEYTRUDA, as a single agent, is indicated for the first-line treatment of patients with NSCLC expressing PD-L1 [tumor proportion score (TPS) 1%] as determined by an FDA-approved test, with no EGFR or ALK genomic tumor aberrations, and is stage III where patients are not candidates for surgical resection or definitive chemoradiation, or metastatic.

KEYTRUDA, as a single agent, is indicated for the treatment of patients with metastatic NSCLC whose tumors express PD-L1 (TPS 1%) as determined by an FDA-approved test, with disease progression on or after platinum-containing chemotherapy. Patients with EGFR or ALK genomic tumor aberrations should have disease progression on FDA-approved therapy for these aberrations prior to receiving KEYTRUDA.

Small Cell Lung Cancer

KEYTRUDA is indicated for the treatment of patients with metastatic small cell lung cancer (SCLC) with disease progression on or after platinum-based chemotherapy and at least 1 other prior line of therapy. This indication is approved under accelerated approval based on tumor response rate and durability of response. Continued approval for this indication may be contingent upon verification and description of clinical benefit in confirmatory trials.

Head and Neck Squamous Cell Cancer

KEYTRUDA, in combination with platinum and fluorouracil (FU), is indicated for the first-line treatment of patients with metastatic or with unresectable, recurrent head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC).

KEYTRUDA, as a single agent, is indicated for the first-line treatment of patients with metastatic or with unresectable, recurrent HNSCC whose tumors express PD-L1 [combined positive score (CPS) 1] as determined by an FDA-approved test.

KEYTRUDA, as a single agent, is indicated for the treatment of patients with recurrent or metastatic head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) with disease progression on or after platinum-containing chemotherapy.

Classical Hodgkin Lymphoma

KEYTRUDA is indicated for the treatment of adult patients with relapsed or refractory classical Hodgkin lymphoma (cHL).

KEYTRUDA is indicated for the treatment of pediatric patients with refractory cHL, or cHL that has relapsed after 2 or more lines of therapy.

Primary Mediastinal Large B-Cell Lymphoma

KEYTRUDA is indicated for the treatment of adult and pediatric patients with refractory primary mediastinal large B-cell lymphoma (PMBCL), or who have relapsed after 2 or more prior lines of therapy. KEYTRUDA is not recommended for treatment of patients with PMBCL who require urgent cytoreductive therapy.

Urothelial Carcinoma

KEYTRUDA is indicated for the treatment of patients with locally advanced or metastatic urothelial carcinoma (mUC) who are not eligible for cisplatin-containing chemotherapy and whose tumors express PD-L1 [combined positive score (CPS) 10], as determined by an FDA-approved test, or in patients who are not eligible for any platinum-containing chemotherapy regardless of PD-L1 status. This indication is approved under accelerated approval based on tumor response rate and duration of response. Continued approval for this indication may be contingent upon verification and description of clinical benefit in confirmatory trials.

KEYTRUDA is indicated for the treatment of patients with locally advanced or metastatic urothelial carcinoma (mUC) who have disease progression during or following platinum-containing chemotherapy or within 12 months of neoadjuvant or adjuvant treatment with platinum-containing chemotherapy.

KEYTRUDA is indicated for the treatment of patients with Bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG)-unresponsive, high-risk, non-muscle invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC) with carcinoma in situ (CIS) with or without papillary tumors who are ineligible for or have elected not to undergo cystectomy.

Microsatellite Instability-High or Mismatch Repair Deficient Cancer

KEYTRUDA is indicated for the treatment of adult and pediatric patients with unresectable or metastatic microsatellite instability-high (MSI-H) or mismatch repair deficient (dMMR)

This indication is approved under accelerated approval based on tumor response rate and durability of response. Continued approval for this indication may be contingent upon verification and description of clinical benefit in the confirmatory trials. The safety and effectiveness of KEYTRUDA in pediatric patients with MSI-H central nervous system cancers have not been established.

Microsatellite Instability-High or Mismatch Repair Deficient Colorectal Cancer

KEYTRUDA is indicated for the first-line treatment of patients with unresectable or metastatic MSI-H or dMMR colorectal cancer (CRC).

Gastric Cancer

KEYTRUDA is indicated for the treatment of patients with recurrent locally advanced or metastatic gastric or gastroesophageal junction (GEJ) adenocarcinoma whose tumors express PD-L1 (CPS 1) as determined by an FDA-approved test, with disease progression on or after two or more prior lines of therapy including fluoropyrimidine- and platinum-containing chemotherapy and if appropriate, HER2/neu-targeted therapy. This indication is approved under accelerated approval based on tumor response rate and durability of response. Continued approval for this indication may be contingent upon verification and description of clinical benefit in the confirmatory trials.

Esophageal Cancer

KEYTRUDA is indicated for the treatment of patients with recurrent locally advanced or metastatic squamous cell carcinoma of the esophagus whose tumors express PD-L1 (CPS 10) as determined by an FDA-approved test, with disease progression after one or more prior lines of systemic therapy.

Cervical Cancer

KEYTRUDA is indicated for the treatment of patients with recurrent or metastatic cervical cancer with disease progression on or after chemotherapy whose tumors express PD-L1 (CPS 1) as determined by an FDA-approved test. This indication is approved under accelerated approval based on tumor response rate and durability of response. Continued approval for this indication may be contingent upon verification and description of clinical benefit in the confirmatory trials.

Hepatocellular Carcinoma

KEYTRUDA is indicated for the treatment of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) who have been previously treated with sorafenib. This indication is approved under accelerated approval based on tumor response rate and durability of response. Continued approval for this indication may be contingent upon verification and description of clinical benefit in the confirmatory trials.

Merkel Cell Carcinoma

KEYTRUDA is indicated for the treatment of adult and pediatric patients with recurrent locally advanced or metastatic Merkel cell carcinoma (MCC). This indication is approved under accelerated approval based on tumor response rate and durability of response. Continued approval for this indication may be contingent upon verification and description of clinical benefit in the confirmatory trials.

Renal Cell Carcinoma

KEYTRUDA, in combination with axitinib, is indicated for the first-line treatment of patients with advanced renal cell carcinoma (RCC).

Tumor Mutational Burden-High

KEYTRUDA is indicated for the treatment of adult and pediatric patients with unresectable or metastatic tumor mutational burden-high (TMB-H) [10 mutations/megabase (mut/Mb)] solid tumors, as determined by an FDA-approved test, that have progressed following prior treatment and who have no satisfactory alternative treatment options. This indication is approved under accelerated approval based on tumor response rate and durability of response. Continued approval for this indication may be contingent upon verification and description of clinical benefit in the confirmatory trials. The safety and effectiveness of KEYTRUDA in pediatric patients with TMB-H central nervous system cancers have not been established.

Cutaneous Squamous Cell Carcinoma

KEYTRUDA is indicated for the treatment of patients with recurrent or metastatic cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC) that is not curable by surgery or radiation.

Selected Important Safety Information for KEYTRUDA

Immune-Mediated Pneumonitis

KEYTRUDA can cause immune-mediated pneumonitis, including fatal cases. Pneumonitis occurred in 3.4% (94/2799) of patients with various cancers receiving KEYTRUDA, including Grade 1 (0.8%), 2 (1.3%), 3 (0.9%), 4 (0.3%), and 5 (0.1%). Pneumonitis occurred in 8.2% (65/790) of NSCLC patients receiving KEYTRUDA as a single agent, including Grades 3-4 in 3.2% of patients, and occurred more frequently in patients with a history of prior thoracic radiation (17%) compared to those without (7.7%). Pneumonitis occurred in 6% (18/300) of HNSCC patients receiving KEYTRUDA as a single agent, including Grades 3-5 in 1.6% of patients, and occurred in 5.4% (15/276) of patients receiving KEYTRUDA in combination with platinum and FU as first-line therapy for advanced disease, including Grades 3-5 in 1.5% of patients. Pneumonitis occurred in 8% (31/389) of patients with cHL receiving KEYTRUDA as a single agent, including Grades 3-4 in 2.3% of patients.

Monitor patients for signs and symptoms of pneumonitis. Evaluate suspected pneumonitis with radiographic imaging. Administer corticosteroids for Grade 2 or greater pneumonitis. Withhold KEYTRUDA for Grade 2; permanently discontinue KEYTRUDA for Grade 3 or 4 or recurrent Grade 2 pneumonitis.

Immune-Mediated Colitis

KEYTRUDA can cause immune-mediated colitis. Colitis occurred in 1.7% (48/2799) of patients receiving KEYTRUDA, including Grade 2 (0.4%), 3 (1.1%), and 4 (<0.1%). Monitor patients for signs and symptoms of colitis. Administer corticosteroids for Grade 2 or greater colitis. Withhold KEYTRUDA for Grade 2 or 3; permanently discontinue KEYTRUDA for Grade 4 colitis.

Immune-Mediated Hepatitis (KEYTRUDA) and Hepatotoxicity (KEYTRUDA in Combination With Axitinib)

Immune-Mediated Hepatitis

KEYTRUDA can cause immune-mediated hepatitis. Hepatitis occurred in 0.7% (19/2799) of patients receiving KEYTRUDA, including Grade 2 (0.1%), 3 (0.4%), and 4 (<0.1%). Monitor patients for changes in liver function. Administer corticosteroids for Grade 2 or greater hepatitis and, based on severity of liver enzyme elevations, withhold or discontinue KEYTRUDA.

Hepatotoxicity in Combination With Axitinib

KEYTRUDA in combination with axitinib can cause hepatic toxicity with higher than expected frequencies of Grades 3 and 4 ALT and AST elevations compared to KEYTRUDA alone. With the combination of KEYTRUDA and axitinib, Grades 3 and 4 increased ALT (20%) and increased AST (13%) were seen. Monitor liver enzymes before initiation of and periodically throughout treatment. Consider more frequent monitoring of liver enzymes as compared to when the drugs are administered as single agents. For elevated liver enzymes, interrupt KEYTRUDA and axitinib, and consider administering corticosteroids as needed.

Immune-Mediated Endocrinopathies

KEYTRUDA can cause adrenal insufficiency (primary and secondary), hypophysitis, thyroid disorders, and type 1 diabetes mellitus. Adrenal insufficiency occurred in 0.8% (22/2799) of patients, including Grade 2 (0.3%), 3 (0.3%), and 4 (<0.1%). Hypophysitis occurred in 0.6% (17/2799) of patients, including Grade 2 (0.2%), 3 (0.3%), and 4 (<0.1%). Hypothyroidism occurred in 8.5% (237/2799) of patients, including Grade 2 (6.2%) and 3 (0.1%). The incidence of new or worsening hypothyroidism was higher in 1185 patients with HNSCC (16%) receiving KEYTRUDA, as a single agent or in combination with platinum and FU, including Grade 3 (0.3%) hypothyroidism. The incidence of new or worsening hypothyroidism was higher in 389 patients with cHL (17%) receiving KEYTRUDA as a single agent, including Grade 1 (6.2%) and Grade 2 (10.8%) hypothyroidism. Hyperthyroidism occurred in 3.4% (96/2799) of patients, including Grade 2 (0.8%) and 3 (0.1%), and thyroiditis occurred in 0.6% (16/2799) of patients, including Grade 2 (0.3%). Type 1 diabetes mellitus, including diabetic ketoacidosis, occurred in 0.2% (6/2799) of patients.

Monitor patients for signs and symptoms of adrenal insufficiency, hypophysitis (including hypopituitarism), thyroid function (prior to and periodically during treatment), and hyperglycemia. For adrenal insufficiency or hypophysitis, administer corticosteroids and hormone replacement as clinically indicated. Withhold KEYTRUDA for Grade 2 adrenal insufficiency or hypophysitis and withhold or discontinue KEYTRUDA for Grade 3 or Grade 4 adrenal insufficiency or hypophysitis. Administer hormone replacement for hypothyroidism and manage hyperthyroidism with thionamides and beta-blockers as appropriate. Withhold or discontinue KEYTRUDA for Grade 3 or 4 hyperthyroidism. Administer insulin for type 1 diabetes, and withhold KEYTRUDA and administer antihyperglycemics in patients with severe hyperglycemia.

Immune-Mediated Nephritis and Renal Dysfunction

KEYTRUDA can cause immune-mediated nephritis. Nephritis occurred in 0.3% (9/2799) of patients receiving KEYTRUDA, including Grade 2 (0.1%), 3 (0.1%), and 4 (<0.1%) nephritis. Nephritis occurred in 1.7% (7/405) of patients receiving KEYTRUDA in combination with pemetrexed and platinum chemotherapy. Monitor patients for changes in renal function. Administer corticosteroids for Grade 2 or greater nephritis. Withhold KEYTRUDA for Grade 2; permanently discontinue for Grade 3 or 4 nephritis.

Immune-Mediated Skin Reactions

Immune-mediated rashes, including Stevens-Johnson syndrome (SJS), toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN) (some cases with fatal outcome), exfoliative dermatitis, and bullous pemphigoid, can occur. Monitor patients for suspected severe skin reactions and based on the severity of the adverse reaction, withhold or permanently discontinue KEYTRUDA and administer corticosteroids. For signs or symptoms of SJS or TEN, withhold KEYTRUDA and refer the patient for specialized care for assessment and treatment. If SJS or TEN is confirmed, permanently discontinue KEYTRUDA.

Other Immune-Mediated Adverse Reactions

Immune-mediated adverse reactions, which may be severe or fatal, can occur in any organ system or tissue in patients receiving KEYTRUDA and may also occur after discontinuation of treatment. For suspected immune-mediated adverse reactions, ensure adequate evaluation to confirm etiology or exclude other causes. Based on the severity of the adverse reaction, withhold KEYTRUDA and administer corticosteroids. Upon improvement to Grade 1 or less, initiate corticosteroid taper and continue to taper over at least 1 month. Based on limited data from clinical studies in patients whose immune-related adverse reactions could not be controlled with corticosteroid use, administration of other systemic immunosuppressants can be considered. Resume KEYTRUDA when the adverse reaction remains at Grade 1 or less following corticosteroid taper. Permanently discontinue KEYTRUDA for any Grade 3 immune-mediated adverse reaction that recurs and for any life-threatening immune-mediated adverse reaction.

The following clinically significant immune-mediated adverse reactions occurred in less than 1% (unless otherwise indicated) of 2799 patients: arthritis (1.5%), uveitis, myositis, Guillain-Barr syndrome, myasthenia gravis, vasculitis, pancreatitis, hemolytic anemia, sarcoidosis, and encephalitis. In addition, myelitis and myocarditis were reported in other clinical trials, including classical Hodgkin lymphoma, and post-marketing use.

Treatment with KEYTRUDA may increase the risk of rejection in solid organ transplant recipients. Consider the benefit of treatment vs the risk of possible organ rejection in these patients.

Infusion-Related Reactions

KEYTRUDA can cause severe or life-threatening infusion-related reactions, including hypersensitivity and anaphylaxis, which have been reported in 0.2% (6/2799) of patients. Monitor patients for signs and symptoms of infusion-related reactions. For Grade 3 or 4 reactions, stop infusion and permanently discontinue KEYTRUDA.

Complications of Allogeneic Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation (HSCT)

Fatal and other serious complications can occur in patients who receive allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) before or after being treated with a PD-1/PD-L1 blocking antibody. Transplant-related complications include hyperacute graft-versus-host disease (GVHD), acute GVHD, chronic GVHD, hepatic veno-occlusive disease (VOD) after reduced intensity conditioning, and steroid-requiring febrile syndrome (without an identified infectious cause). These complications may occur despite intervening therapy between PD-1/PD-L1 blockade and allogeneic HSCT. Follow patients closely for evidence of transplant-related complications and intervene promptly. Consider the benefit versus risk of treatment with a PD-1/PD-L1 blocking antibody prior to or after an allogeneic HSCT.

Increased Mortality in Patients With Multiple Myeloma

In trials in patients with multiple myeloma, the addition of KEYTRUDA to a thalidomide analogue plus dexamethasone resulted in increased mortality. Treatment of these patients with a PD-1 or PD-L1 blocking antibody in this combination is not recommended outside of controlled trials.

Embryofetal Toxicity

Based on its mechanism of action, KEYTRUDA can cause fetal harm when administered to a pregnant woman. Advise women of this potential risk. In females of reproductive potential, verify pregnancy status prior to initiating KEYTRUDA and advise them to use effective contraception during treatment and for 4 months after the last dose.

Adverse Reactions

In KEYNOTE-006, KEYTRUDA was discontinued due to adverse reactions in 9% of 555 patients with advanced melanoma; adverse reactions leading to permanent discontinuation in more than one patient were colitis (1.4%), autoimmune hepatitis (0.7%), allergic reaction (0.4%), polyneuropathy (0.4%), and cardiac failure (0.4%). The most common adverse reactions (20%) with KEYTRUDA were fatigue (28%), diarrhea (26%), rash (24%), and nausea (21%).

In KEYNOTE-002, KEYTRUDA was permanently discontinued due to adverse reactions in 12% of 357 patients with advanced melanoma; the most common (1%) were general physical health deterioration (1%), asthenia (1%), dyspnea (1%), pneumonitis (1%), and generalized edema (1%). The most common adverse reactions were fatigue (43%), pruritus (28%), rash (24%), constipation (22%), nausea (22%), diarrhea (20%), and decreased appetite (20%).

In KEYNOTE-054, KEYTRUDA was permanently discontinued due to adverse reactions in 14% of 509 patients; the most common (1%) were pneumonitis (1.4%), colitis (1.2%), and diarrhea (1%). Serious adverse reactions occurred in 25% of patients receiving KEYTRUDA. The most common adverse reaction (20%) with KEYTRUDA was diarrhea (28%).

In KEYNOTE-189, when KEYTRUDA was administered with pemetrexed and platinum chemotherapy in metastatic nonsquamous NSCLC, KEYTRUDA was discontinued due to adverse reactions in 20% of 405 patients. The most common adverse reactions resulting in permanent discontinuation of KEYTRUDA were pneumonitis (3%) and acute kidney injury (2%). The most common adverse reactions (20%) with KEYTRUDA were nausea (56%), fatigue (56%), constipation (35%), diarrhea (31%), decreased appetite (28%), rash (25%), vomiting (24%), cough (21%), dyspnea (21%), and pyrexia (20%).

In KEYNOTE-407, when KEYTRUDA was administered with carboplatin and either paclitaxel or paclitaxel protein-bound in metastatic squamous NSCLC, KEYTRUDA was discontinued due to adverse reactions in 15% of 101 patients. The most frequent serious adverse reactions reported in at least 2% of patients were febrile neutropenia, pneumonia, and urinary tract infection. Adverse reactions observed in KEYNOTE-407 were similar to those observed in KEYNOTE-189 with the exception that increased incidences of alopecia (47% vs 36%) and peripheral neuropathy (31% vs 25%) were observed in the KEYTRUDA and chemotherapy arm compared to the placebo and chemotherapy arm in KEYNOTE-407.

In KEYNOTE-042, KEYTRUDA was discontinued due to adverse reactions in 19% of 636 patients with advanced NSCLC; the most common were pneumonitis (3%), death due to unknown cause (1.6%), and pneumonia (1.4%). The most frequent serious adverse reactions reported in at least 2% of patients were pneumonia (7%), pneumonitis (3.9%), pulmonary embolism (2.4%), and pleural effusion (2.2%). The most common adverse reaction (20%) was fatigue (25%).

In KEYNOTE-010, KEYTRUDA monotherapy was discontinued due to adverse reactions in 8% of 682 patients with metastatic NSCLC; the most common was pneumonitis (1.8%). The most common adverse reactions (20%) were decreased appetite (25%), fatigue (25%), dyspnea (23%), and nausea (20%).

Adverse reactions occurring in patients with SCLC were similar to those occurring in patients with other solid tumors who received KEYTRUDA as a single agent.

In KEYNOTE-048, KEYTRUDA monotherapy was discontinued due to adverse events in 12% of 300 patients with HNSCC; the most common adverse reactions leading to permanent discontinuation were sepsis (1.7%) and pneumonia (1.3%). The most common adverse reactions (20%) were fatigue (33%), constipation (20%), and rash (20%).

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Merck Announces KEYNOTE-598 Trial Evaluating KEYTRUDA (pembrolizumab) in Combination With Ipilimumab Versus KEYTRUDA Monotherapy in Certain Patients...

Advancement: Know the Rapid Growth Factors of Biopreservation Market| Stay Up-To-Date With Emerging – PharmiWeb.com

Pune, Maharashtra,India, November 9 2020 (Wiredrelease) Origius Systems Private Limited :The increasing occurrence of chronic ailments and obesity all over the world is driving the global biopreservation market growth. The North America region is expected to lead the market growth in the projected period.

A latest report by Research Dive on the global biopreservation market reveals that the market is projected to hit $13,576.3 million by 2027, rising at a CAGR of 13.8% from 2020 to 2027. The report states the current outlook and future growth of the market. The research report is a perfect source of guidance for companies and individuals interested in investing in the market.

The report covers the following aspects:

A brief introduction of the market with its definition, advantages, and application areas. Inclusive insights on the market situation, dynamics, statistics, growth rate, revenues, market shares, and future predictions. Major market segments, drivers, limitations, and investment suitability. Current scenario of the global and regional market from the perspective of companies, countries, and end industries. Insights on foremost market players, current market trends & developments, SWOT Analysis, Porter Five Analysis, and winning business strategies.

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Factors Impacting the Market Growth:

According to the report, growing occurrence of chronic ailments like diabetes, cardiac, degenerative conditions affecting the joints, nerves, bones, and others as well as obesity all over the world are thrusting the demand for biopreservation techniques, which is fueling the growth of the market. Additionally, the increasing investments in R&D and development of advanced biopreservation products is expected to unlock rewarding opportunities for the market growth. However, greater costs involved in biopreservation processes, reliability concerns, and invention of low-priced processes are likely to detain the biopreservation market growth.

Segment Analysis:

The report segments the biopreservation market into type, biospecimen, application, end use, and region.

Based on biospecimen, the report divides the market into: Stem Cells Human Tissue Organs

Among these, the human tissue segment is expected to witness highest growth in the biopreservation market all through the projected period; mainly due to rising cases of chronic ailments, degenerative disorders, and obesity.

Based on application, the report classifies the market into: Therapeutic Research Clinical Trials

Among these, the therapeutic segment is projected to show noteworthy growth during the forecast period. This is mainly owing to the developments in treatment techniques, personalized drugs, regenerative drugs, increasing trend for cord blood banking, and increasing occurrence of chronic ailments worldwide.

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Regional Analysis:

The report states the scenario of the global biopreservation market across several regions including: Europe LAMEA North America Asia Pacific

Among these, the North America region is projected to grab the highest market share of the biopreservation market in the forecast period. This is attributed to the growing awareness about personalized drugs, rising R&D in regenerative medicines, increasing prevalence of obesity, and chronic ailments.

Market Players and Business Strategies:

The report cites some of the leading players in the global biopreservation market which includes: Avantor, Inc. Bio-Techne Exact Sciences Corporation Merck KGaA ThermoGenesis Corp. BioLifeSolutions Inc. BioCision Chart Industries Thermo Fisher Scientific Inc. Worthington Industries, Inc.

The report highlights some of the wining business strategies of the players such as mergers and acquisitions, ground-breaking advances, geographical expansions, new product inventions, and many more.Quick Download Top Companies Development Strategies Summary Report

Abouat Us:

Research Dive is a market research firm based in Pune, India. Maintaining the integrity and authenticity of the services, the firm provides the services that are solely based on its exclusive data model, compelled by the 360-degree research methodology, which guarantees comprehensive and accurate analysis. With unprecedented access to several paid data resources, team of expert researchers, and strict work ethic, the firm offers insights that are extremely precise and reliable. Scrutinizing relevant news releases, government publications, decades of trade data, and technical & white papers, Research dive deliver the required services to its clients well within the required timeframe. Its expertise is focused on examining niche markets, targeting its major driving factors, and spotting threatening hindrances. Complementarily, it also has a seamless collaboration with the major industry aficionado that further offers its research an edge.

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Advancement: Know the Rapid Growth Factors of Biopreservation Market| Stay Up-To-Date With Emerging - PharmiWeb.com

Stem Cell Therapy Market is estimated to be worth USD 8.5 Billion by 2030 – PRnews Leader

The success of approved stem cell therapies has caused a surge in interest of biopharma developers in this field; many innovator companies are currently progressing proprietary leads across different phases of clinical development, with cautious optimism

Roots Analysis has announced the addition of Global Stem Cells Market: Focus on Clinical Therapies, 20202030 (Based on Source (Allogeneic, Autologous); Origin (Adult, Embryonic); Type (Hematopoietic, Mesenchymal, Progenitor); Lineage (Amniotic Fluid, Adipose Tissue, Bone Marrow, Cardiosphere, Chondrocytes, Corneal Tissue, Cord Blood, Dental Pulp, Neural Tissue Placenta, Peripheral Blood, Stromal Cells); and Potency (Multipotent, Pluripotent)) report to its list of offerings.

There is a growing body of evidence supporting the vast applicability and superiority of treatment outcomes of stem cell therapies, compared to conventional treatment options. In fact, the unmet needs within this domain have spurred the establishment of many start-ups in recent years.

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Key Market Insights

Over 280 stem cell therapies are under development, most of which are allogeneic productsMore than 50% of the pipeline candidates are in the mid to late phase trials (phase II and above), and allogenic therapies (majority of which are derived from the bone marrow) make up 65% of the pipeline.

70% of pipeline candidates are based on mesenchymal stem cellsIt is worth highlighting that the abovementioned therapies are designed to treat musculoskeletal (22%), neurological (21%) and cardiovascular (15%) disorders. On the other hand, hematopoietic stem cell-based products are mostly being evaluated for the treatment of oncological disorders, primarily hematological malignancies.

Close to 85% stem cell therapy developers are based in North America and Asia-Pacific regionsWithin these regions, the US, China, South Korea and Japan, have emerged as key R&D hubs for stem cell therapies. It is worth noting that majority of the initiatives in this domain are driven by small / mid-sized companies

Over 1,500 grants were awarded for stem cell research, since 2015More than 45% of the total amount was awarded under the R01 mechanism (which supports research projects). The NCI, NHLBI, NICHD, NIDDK, NIGMS and OD emerged as key organizations that have offered financial support for time periods exceeding 25 years as well.

Outsourcing has become indispensable to R&D and manufacturing activity in this domainPresently, more than 80 industry / non-industry players, based in different regions across the globe, claim to provide contract development and manufacturing services to cater to the unmet needs of therapy developers. Examples include (in alphabetical order) Bio Elpida, Cell and Gene Therapy Catapult, Cell Tech Pharmed, GenCure, KBI Biopharma, Lonza, MEDINET, Nikon CeLL innovation, Roslin Cell Therapies, WuXi Advanced Therapies and YposKesi.

North America and Asia-Pacific markets are anticipated to capture over 80% share by 2030The stem cell therapies market is anticipated to witness an annualized growth rate of over 30% during the next decade. Interestingly, the market in China / broader Asia-Pacific region is anticipated to grow at a relatively faster rate.

To request a sample copy / brochure of this report, please visit this link

Key Questions Answered

The USD 8.5 billion (by 2030) financial opportunity within the stem cell therapies market has been analyzed across the following segments:

The report features inputs from eminent industry stakeholders, according to whom stem cell therapies are currently considered to be a promising alternatives for the treatment of a myriad of disease indications, with the potential to overcome challenges associated with conventional treatment options. The report includes detailed transcripts of discussions held with the following experts:

The research covers brief profiles of several companies (including those listed below); each profile features an overview of the company, financial information (if available), stem cell therapy portfolio and an informed future outlook.

For additional details, please visithttps://www.rootsanalysis.com/reports/view_document/stem-cells-market/296.html

or email [emailprotected]

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Contact:

Gaurav Chaudhary+1 (415) 800 3415+44 (122) 391 1091[emailprotected]

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Stem Cell Therapy Market is estimated to be worth USD 8.5 Billion by 2030 - PRnews Leader

California Prop 14 would keep taxpayer funding of stem cell therapy research, which can change lives: Meet the Langenhop kids – AZCentral.com

18-year-old Keely Campbell pays it forward by donating her stem cells 10 years after her dad's transplant. USA TODAY

Three-year-old Ava was constantly sick. Her gums were inflamed, and every time she got a scraped knee, it turned into a dangerous infection.

Her parents, Alicia and Jon Langenhop, were months pregnant with their third child when they learned that Ava's constellation of symptoms added up to an extremely rare, inherited disorder of the white blood cells, called leukocyte adhesiondeficiency-1. Although antibiotics and antivirals could prolong her life, the disease was considered fatal, usually before kindergarten.

Ava's primary hope, doctors told the Langenhops, was a bone marrow transplant from someone who was a good match, probably a brother or a sister.

Two-year-old Olivia had inherited the same disease as her big sister. She had been hospitalized with infections, too.

The baby in Alicias belly would be the girls best hope. Since both parents were carriers of the rare genetic mutation, the new baby, a boy, had a 25% chance of inheriting it, too.

Alicia was still in the hospital last October when they found out baby Landon had the mutation. Around the same time, the couple learned of a research trial in California.

Children Ava, Olivia and Landon Langenhop were diagnosed with an extremely rare, inherited disorder of the white blood cells, called leukocyte adhesiondeficiency-1. California Proposition 14, a citizen-initiated ballot measure, authorizes bonds continuing stem cell research.(Photo: Harrison Hill, USA TODAY)

Doctors would take each childs blood cells, fix the mutationand return them. It should be a permanent fix, with less risk than a bone marrow transplantbecause the healthy cells would be their own, so their bodies wouldnt reject them as foreign.

The approach had been tried in only one child, though.

This is the type of research reaching patients nearly two decades after President George W. Bush banned federal funding of stem cell researchand 16 years after California residents approved a tax increase on themselves to support research.

Proposition 14 on Tuesday's ballot askswhether Californians want to continue this work, providing $5.5 billion for stem cell research over the next three decades.

In the early 2000s, stem cell research was controversial because it often required the destruction of human embryos. Though embryonic stem cells remain essential for some therapies, in cases such as the Langenhops', treatment focuses on manipulating a persons own cells.

Stem cell science has made tremendous progress, but as in most new fields, the pace remains painstakingly slow. Every treatment has to be the subject of years of trial-and-error research, and many scientific hurdles linger.

Stem cells have been used to treat rare diseases, such as severe combined immunodeficiency, also known as "bubble boy disease," and they are being tested in more common conditions such as Parkinson's disease, macular degeneration, Type 1 diabetesand even heart disease.

"Even if a subset of stuff in the pipeline goes all the way, it will change the world for patients who currently don't have other good options," said Sean Morrison, a stem cell biologist in Dallas.

"It's a pivotal time in the field," said Dr. Deepak Srivastava, president of the Gladstone Institutes, a nonprofit research organization based in San Francisco. "We can feel that we're at an inflection point, where after years of discovery and creating a foundation of knowledge, we're finally at a point where a number of approaches are reaching clinical trials."

The Langenhop Family temporarily relocated from Canton, Ohio, to Los Angeles, so their children could receive stem cell treatment for leukocyte adhesion deficiency-1.(Photo: Harrison Hill, USA TODAY)

Stem cell therapies haven't advanced as far as some clinics offering expensive treatments claim.

Getting stem cells injected into your knee, for example, hasn't been scientifically proven safe or effective but some clinics charge thousands of dollars for the procedure.

"There are many clinics throughout the world,including in the United States, that continue to market unproven stem cell therapies," said Timothy Caulfield, a professor of law and public health at the University of Alberta in Canada. "They leverage the excitement that has surrounded this area to push products that aren't supported by good science. Indeed, there still aren't many stem cell therapies that are clearly ready for broad clinical application."

One way to distinguish the good science from the scams, Morrison said, is to look at what's promised. Anyone who offers to treat differentailments with the same "multipurpose" cells is selling snake oil, he said.

There are a wide variety of stem cells embryonic stem cells, induced pluripotent stem cells, somatic cells, etc, he said and it's challenging to figure out which to use against which disease.

"Every disease is a different set of challenges, and we spend years trying to develop therapies that are safe and effective," said Morrison, who chairs the public policy committee of the International Society for Stem Cell Research, a scientific organization. "When a company comes out making claims about a one-size-fits-all therapy that can treat everything, that's a sure sign that they're just trying to take your money."

Several researchers interviewed by USA TODAY said state funding helped put California at the forefront of global stem cell research.

George Daley, a stem cell biologist who is dean of Harvard Medical School, said he's envious of the California researchers who have access to this pot of money.

"California has always been a very exciting place to pursue science, but prior to (the taxpayer funding), it wasn't exactly the place that was the first on the tip of your tongue as a powerhouse community for stem cell science," he said. "But there's no way that today it wouldn't be listed in the top three."

Daley, a global leader in the field, said he thinks the funding spurred enthusiasm for stem cell research more broadly. "The entire excitement around the field of stem cell biology is part of the reason you're seeing cures in cancer and impending cures in devastating diseases like sickle cell anemia,"he said.

Although stem cell therapy hasn't gotten anyone out of a wheelchair yet, he said important research continues that may eventually transform paralyzed patients' lives. "If it's taken us longer than people anticipated, that's just the pace of science," he said.

Research begun in the Harvard lab of Doug Melton may soon revolutionize the treatment of Type 1 diabetes, he said, liberating patients from needing to inject themselves daily with insulin.

Srivastava, a cardiologist, admittedthat the field, backed by federal funding, spent more than a decade chasing cardiac stem cell treatments that never succeeded, possibly because they weren't stem cells at all.

Now, his lab and others have modified true stem cells into beating heart cells, he said, which should one day be able to restore tissue damaged by a heart attack.

The big bottleneck in the field, Srivastava said, is getting cells to fully mature in a dish. Scientists can turn stem cells into immature cells of many different types neurons, heart cells, retinal cells but they get stuck in this fetal-like state.

Beating heart cells derived from stem cells can create rhythm disturbances because they're electrically different from normal, mature cells, he said.

"It would be beneficial to have a cell that could function more like a cell after birth," Srivastava said.

Donald Kohn, the Langenhops' doctor at the University of California, Los Angeles, has been involved in stem cell research since 1985.

"I've seen it go from a dream, a vision, to now just various degrees of how it's working," said Kohn, also a member of the UCLA Broad Stem Cell Research Center. About a dozen blood diseases such as LAD-1 have shown "very good clinical responses" to the type of treatment the Langenhop children received.

The children are missing a proteinin their white blood cells that would allow the cellsto reach a cut or damaged tissue. The children can't clear infections and suffer from inflammation and other immune-related problems.

Kohn's study of kids with LAD-1 mutations will eventually include nine patients. Depending on the results, the companysponsoring the trial, Rocket Pharmaceutics of New York, will ask the U.S. Food and Drug Administration for a license to sell the therapy.

Donald Kohn, the Langenhops' UCLA doctor, calls the parents "heroic."(Photo: Harrison Hill, USA TODAY)

He said he's been blown away by how well the Langenhops have dealt with the trials and tribulations of the past year.

"I just think they're heroic, what these parents are doing," Kohn said.

At first, the Langenhops asked themselves how a disease that strikes fewer than 1 in a million children could have struck them three times.

But now, more than a year after Ava's diagnosis and six months after temporarily moving to California for the treatments, Alicia and Jon just want to bring three healthy kids home to Canton, Ohio.

They flew to California for the first time last December so doctors could collect bone marrow cells from Ava. They'd planned to come back in February for the treatment, but not enough cells had been repaired, so the February trip was just a repeat of December.

By the time they were ready to come back to UCLA Mattel Children's Hospital for her therapy in late April, the pandemic had struck. The airplane was nice and empty.

Ava Langenhop receives a stem cell treatment for an extremely rare, inherited disorder of the white blood cells, called leukocyte adhesion deficiency-1.(Photo: Courtesy of UCLA)

Ava got chemotherapy twice a day for five days to kill off her faulty white blood cells. After a day of rest, she was given back her own blood stem cells, gene-edited to remove her damaging LAD-1 mutation.

Her one complaint: the therapy smelled like creamed corn and made her gag.

She recovered quickly, and after about a month in the hospital, enough white blood cells had grown back for her to safely return to the family's rental apartment, just off the UCLA campus, where her mom has turned the living room into a classroom for the girls.

Although she lost all her hair from chemo, it's slowly growing back, and she's very proud of her cropped hairstyle, Alicia said. She picks out a bow every day to match her outfit.

At Ava's three-month checkup this summer, doctors found her bone marrow was producing healthy white blood cells. Her LAD-1 is considered eliminated and she'll never need another treatment.

"She'll probably be healthy forever," Kohn said.

Landon, age 1, completed his treatment about a month ago and was allowed out of the hospital last week. He's bald, but his blue eyes still sparkle, and as he wavedthrough the camera on a recent Zoom call, it's hard to imagine a cuter, healthier-looking baby.

Although originally slated for treatment before her brother, Olivia, 3, ended up last because, as with her sister, the processing of her cells didn't work well the first time. She went to the hospital Sunday and starts her chemo Monday night. She is scheduled to receive the corrected cells next week.

Landon Langenhop receives his stem cell treatment for leukocyte adhesion deficiency-1.(Photo: Courtesy of UCLA)

Olivia was excited to start her therapy, to be "part of the club" with her sister and brother, Alicia said. "She can't wait to turn bald."

The cost of all three children'streatments and the rental apartment and plane fare are being picked up by Rocket Pharmaceuticals. That's the upside of volunteering for clinical trials: the treatment is paid for by the sponsor.

Jon was a bank branch manager before the pandemic and now works remotely for the same bank, reviewing loan applications. "It gives me the chance to be at the hospital with whichever child is in the hospital at that time," Jon said, chuckling.

Alicia, a former teacher and day care center assistant manager, has been home-schooling the kids since the start of the pandemic.

Their doctor hopes to have the family back in Canton for Christmas or at least New Year's. The weather won't be as nice as in Southern California, but they'll be home, surrounded by their supportive family and friends. And Jon and Alicia won't have to worry anymore about every scrape and sniffle.

They don't focus much on the details of how the science works. They're just happy it has.

"We feel so fortunate to be living in a time when this is possible," Alicia said.

If they had been in this situation even a few years ago, the treatment wouldn't have existed, Jon said. If they had found out about Ava's mutation when she was younger, they wouldn't have had two more children.

"It's kind of crazy how it's all worked out for us," he said.

The strength of their kids has given them strength. "They just go with the flow. It's kind of incredible how resilient they are and can just bounce back from these hospitalizations," Jon said.

"Like nothing ever happened," Alicia added.

The three children will probably have few if any memories of their disease and treatment. For Jon and Alicia, however, this year is seared into their memory.

"It'll take us a while to realize they don't have this anymore," Jon said.

Karen Weintraub can be reached at kweintraub@usatoday.com.

Health and patient safety coverage at USA TODAY is made possible in part by a grant from the Masimo Foundation for Ethics, Innovation and Competition in Healthcare. The Masimo Foundation does not provide editorial input.

The Langenhop Family plays at the Franklin D. Murphy Sculpture Garden at UCLA. Children Ava, Olivia and Landon were diagnosed with an extremely rare, inherited disorder of the white blood cells, called leukocyte adhesiondeficiency-1. California Proposition 14, a citizen-initiated ballot measure that will appear on the ballot in the 2020, authorizes Bonds continuing Stem Cell Research. A Yes vote will allow researchers to continue studying and working towards finding cures for individuals like Ava, Olivia and Landon.(Photo: Harrison Hill, USA TODAY)

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California Prop 14 would keep taxpayer funding of stem cell therapy research, which can change lives: Meet the Langenhop kids - AZCentral.com

Caelum and Alexion Announce Upcoming Data Presentations at the 62nd American Society of Hematology Annual Meeting and Exposition – Business Wire

BORDENTOWN, N.J. & BOSTON--(BUSINESS WIRE)--Caelum Biosciences and Alexion Pharmaceuticals, Inc. (NASDAQ:ALXN) today announced that two abstracts on CAEL-101, a first-in-class amyloid fibril targeted therapy, have been accepted for presentation at the 62nd American Society of Hematology (ASH) Annual Meeting and Exposition, taking place virtually from December 5 to 8, 2020. New data, from Cleveland Clinic, will be presented on the safety, efficacy and tolerability of CAEL-101 in combination with standard-of-care therapy in AL amyloidosis from the Phase 2 open-label dose escalation study that suggest early evidence of organ response. Data, from Caelum, that further demonstrate the safety and tolerability of CAEL-101 and support the selection of the 1000 mg/m2 dose for the Phase 3 study will also be presented.

The accepted abstracts are listed below and are now available on the ASH website:

Oral Presentation

Safety, Tolerability and Efficacy of CAEL-101 in AL Amyloidosis Patients Treated on a Phase 2, Open-Label, Dose Selection Study to Evaluate the Safety and Tolerability of CAEL-101 in Patients with AL Amyloidosis. Abstract #729. An oral symposium presentation is scheduled for December 7, 2020, 2:45 p.m. PST.

ePoster Presentation

CAEL-101 is Well-Tolerated in AL Amyloidosis Patients Receiving Concomitant Cyclophosphamide-Bortezomib-Dexamethasone (CyborD): A Phase 2 Dose-Finding Study (NCT04304144), Abstract #2277 poster presentation, poster session II, December 6, 2020, 7:00 a.m. - 3:30 p.m. PST.

As was previously announced, the Cardiac Amyloid Reaching for Extended Survival (CARES) Phase 3 clinical program to evaluate CAEL-101 in combination with standard-of-care (SoC) therapy in AL amyloidosis has begun. Enrollment is underway in two parallel Phase 3 studies one in patients with Mayo stage IIIa disease and one in patients with Mayo stage IIIb disease and will collectively enroll approximately 370 patients globally. The Phase 2 program continues with the addition of a study arm to evaluate CAEL-101 in combination with SoC therapy plus daratumumab.

About CAEL-101

CAEL-101 is a first-in-class monoclonal antibody (mAb) designed to improve organ function by reducing or eliminating amyloid deposits in the tissues and organs of patients with AL amyloidosis. The antibody is designed to bind to misfolded light chain protein and amyloid and shows binding to both kappa and lambda subtypes. In a Phase 1a/1b study, CAEL-101 demonstrated improved organ function, including cardiac and renal function, in 27 patients with relapsed and refractory AL amyloidosis who had previously not had an organ response to standard of care therapy. CAEL-101 has received Orphan Drug Designation from both the U.S. Food and Drug Administration and European Medicine Agency as a potential therapy for patients with AL amyloidosis.

About AL Amyloidosis

AL amyloidosis is a rare systemic disorder caused by an abnormality of plasma cells in the bone marrow. Misfolded immunoglobulin light chains produced by plasma cells aggregate and form fibrils that deposit in tissues and organs. This deposition can cause widespread and progressive organ damage and high mortality rates, with death most frequently occurring as a result of cardiac failure. Current standard of care includes plasma cell directed chemotherapy and autologous stem cell transplant, but these therapies do not address the organ dysfunction caused by amyloid deposition, and up to 80 percent of patients are ineligible for transplant.

AL amyloidosis is a rare disease but is the most common form of systemic amyloidosis. There are approximately 22,000 patients across the United States, France, Germany, Italy, Spain and the United Kingdom. AL amyloidosis has a one-year mortality rate of 47 percent, 76 percent of which is caused by cardiac amyloidosis.

About Caelum Biosciences

Caelum Biosciences, Inc. (Caelum) is a clinical-stage biotechnology company developing treatments for rare and life-threatening diseases. Caelums lead asset, CAEL-101, is a novel antibody for the treatment of patients with amyloid light chain (AL) amyloidosis. In 2019, Caelum entered a collaboration agreement with Alexion under which Alexion acquired a minority equity interest in Caelum and an exclusive option to acquire the remaining equity in the company based on Phase 3 CAEL-101 data. Caelum was founded by Fortress Biotech, Inc. (NASDAQ: FBIO). For more information, visit http://www.caelumbio.com.

About Alexion

Alexion is a global biopharmaceutical company focused on serving patients and families affected by rare diseases and devastating conditions through the discovery, development and commercialization of life-changing medicines. As a leader in rare diseases for more than 25 years, Alexion has developed and commercializes two approved complement inhibitors to treat patients with paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria (PNH) and atypical hemolytic uremic syndrome (aHUS), as well as the first and only approved complement inhibitor to treat anti-acetylcholine receptor (AchR) antibody-positive generalized myasthenia gravis (gMG) and neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD). Alexion also has two highly innovative enzyme replacement therapies for patients with life-threatening and ultra-rare metabolic disorders, hypophosphatasia (HPP) and lysosomal acid lipase deficiency (LAL-D) as well as the first and only approved Factor Xa inhibitor reversal agent. In addition, the company is developing several mid-to-late-stage therapies, including a copper-binding agent for Wilson disease, an anti-neonatal Fc receptor (FcRn) antibody for rare Immunoglobulin G (IgG)-mediated diseases and an oral Factor D inhibitor as well as several early-stage therapies, including one for light chain (AL) amyloidosis, a second oral Factor D inhibitor and a third complement inhibitor. Alexion focuses its research efforts on novel molecules and targets in the complement cascade and its development efforts on hematology, nephrology, neurology, metabolic disorders, cardiology, ophthalmology and acute care. Headquartered in Boston, Massachusetts, Alexion has offices around the globe and serves patients in more than 50 countries. This press release and further information about Alexion can be found at: http://www.alexion.com.

[ALXN-P]

Forward-Looking Statement

This press release may contain forward-looking statements, including as such term is defined within Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933 and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended. Such statements include, but are not limited to, any statements relating to Caelums or Alexions growth strategy and our respective product development programs, plans related to clinical trials (including, commencement, completion and future patient enrollment), the anticipated benefits of CAEL-101 and any other statements that are not historical facts. Forward-looking statements are based on Caelum and Alexion managements current expectations and are subject to risks and uncertainties that could negatively affect each of our businesses, operating results, financial condition and stock price. Factors that could cause actual results to differ materially from those currently anticipated include: risks that CAEL-101 is not shown to be safe and effective in clinical trials or does not receive regulatory approval to be marketed, risks relating to each companys growth strategy; ability to obtain, perform under and maintain financing and strategic agreements and relationships; risks relating to the results of research and development activities; uncertainties relating to preclinical and clinical testing (including, commencement, completion and future patient enrollment); risks relating to the timing of starting and completing clinical trials; our dependence on third-party suppliers; risks relating to the COVID-19 outbreak and its potential impact on each Companys employees and consultants ability to complete work in a timely manner and on the ability to obtain additional financing on favorable terms or at all; our ability to attract, integrate and retain key personnel; the early stage of products under development; Caelums need for substantial additional funds; government regulation; patent and intellectual property matters; competition; as well as other risks described in each Companys SEC filings. Alexion and Caelum expressly disclaim any obligation or undertaking to release publicly any updates or revisions to any forward-looking statements contained herein to reflect any change in our respective expectations or any changes in events, conditions or circumstances on which any such statement is based, except as may be required by law, and we claim the protection of the safe harbor for forward-looking statements contained in the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995 or any other protections afforded by applicable law. The information contained herein is intended to be reviewed in its totality, and any stipulations, conditions or provisos that apply to a given piece of information in one part of this press release should be read as applying mutatis mutandis to every other instance of such information appearing herein.

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Caelum and Alexion Announce Upcoming Data Presentations at the 62nd American Society of Hematology Annual Meeting and Exposition - Business Wire

Stem Cell Therapy Market to Surge at a Robust Pace in Terms of Revenue Over2017 2025 – Royal Sutton News

Of late, there has been an increasing awareness regarding the therapeutic potential of stem cells for management of diseases which is boosting the growth of the stem cell therapy market. The development of advanced genome based cell analysis techniques, identification of new stem cell lines, increasing investments in research and development as well as infrastructure development for the processing and banking of stem cell are encouraging the growth of the global stem cell therapy market.

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One of the key factors boosting the growth of this market is the limitations of traditional organ transplantation such as the risk of infection, rejection, and immunosuppression risk. Another drawback of conventional organ transplantation is that doctors have to depend on organ donors completely. All these issues can be eliminated, by the application of stem cell therapy. Another factor which is helping the growth in this market is the growing pipeline and development of drugs for emerging applications. Increased research studies aiming to widen the scope of stem cell will also fuel the growth of the market. Scientists are constantly engaged in trying to find out novel methods for creating human stem cells in response to the growing demand for stem cell production to be used for disease management.

It is estimated that the dermatology application will contribute significantly the growth of the global stem cell therapy market. This is because stem cell therapy can help decrease the after effects of general treatments for burns such as infections, scars, and adhesion. The increasing number of patients suffering from diabetes and growing cases of trauma surgery will fuel the adoption of stem cell therapy in the dermatology segment.

Global Stem Cell Therapy Market: Overview

Also called regenerative medicine, stem cell therapy encourages the reparative response of damaged, diseased, or dysfunctional tissue via the use of stem cells and their derivatives. Replacing the practice of organ transplantations, stem cell therapies have eliminated the dependence on availability of donors. Bone marrow transplant is perhaps the most commonly employed stem cell therapy.

Osteoarthritis, cerebral palsy, heart failure, multiple sclerosis and even hearing loss could be treated using stem cell therapies. Doctors have successfully performed stem cell transplants that significantly aid patients fight cancers such as leukemia and other blood-related diseases.

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Global Stem Cell Therapy Market: Key Trends

The key factors influencing the growth of the global stem cell therapy market are increasing funds in the development of new stem lines, the advent of advanced genomic procedures used in stem cell analysis, and greater emphasis on human embryonic stem cells. As the traditional organ transplantations are associated with limitations such as infection, rejection, and immunosuppression along with high reliance on organ donors, the demand for stem cell therapy is likely to soar. The growing deployment of stem cells in the treatment of wounds and damaged skin, scarring, and grafts is another prominent catalyst of the market.

On the contrary, inadequate infrastructural facilities coupled with ethical issues related to embryonic stem cells might impede the growth of the market. However, the ongoing research for the manipulation of stem cells from cord blood cells, bone marrow, and skin for the treatment of ailments including cardiovascular and diabetes will open up new doors for the advancement of the market.

Global Stem Cell Therapy Market: Market Potential

A number of new studies, research projects, and development of novel therapies have come forth in the global market for stem cell therapy. Several of these treatments are in the pipeline, while many others have received approvals by regulatory bodies.

In March 2017, Belgian biotech company TiGenix announced that its cardiac stem cell therapy, AlloCSC-01 has successfully reached its phase I/II with positive results. Subsequently, it has been approved by the U.S. FDA. If this therapy is well- received by the market, nearly 1.9 million AMI patients could be treated through this stem cell therapy.

Another significant development is the granting of a patent to Israel-based Kadimastem Ltd. for its novel stem-cell based technology to be used in the treatment of multiple sclerosis (MS) and other similar conditions of the nervous system. The companys technology used for producing supporting cells in the central nervous system, taken from human stem cells such as myelin-producing cells is also covered in the patent.

Global Stem Cell Therapy Market: Regional Outlook

The global market for stem cell therapy can be segmented into Asia Pacific, North America, Latin America, Europe, and the Middle East and Africa. North America emerged as the leading regional market, triggered by the rising incidence of chronic health conditions and government support. Europe also displays significant growth potential, as the benefits of this therapy are increasingly acknowledged.

Asia Pacific is slated for maximum growth, thanks to the massive patient pool, bulk of investments in stem cell therapy projects, and the increasing recognition of growth opportunities in countries such as China, Japan, and India by the leading market players.

Global Stem Cell Therapy Market: Competitive Analysis

Several firms are adopting strategies such as mergers and acquisitions, collaborations, and partnerships, apart from product development with a view to attain a strong foothold in the global market for stem cell therapy.

Some of the major companies operating in the global market for stem cell therapy are RTI Surgical, Inc., MEDIPOST Co., Ltd., Osiris Therapeutics, Inc., NuVasive, Inc., Pharmicell Co., Ltd., Anterogen Co., Ltd., JCR Pharmaceuticals Co., Ltd., and Holostem Terapie Avanzate S.r.l.

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Stem Cell Therapy Market to Surge at a Robust Pace in Terms of Revenue Over2017 2025 - Royal Sutton News

Autologous Stem Cell Based Therapies Market to Witness Increase in Revenues by 2020-2026 – PRnews Leader

Beathan Report has released the International report on The Autologous Stem Cell Based Therapies market, which is made up of advice about each of the essential parameters of this market like ingestion and the manufacturing patterns coupled with all the earnings patterns for the prediction period. Concerning creation aspect, the report provides complete detailed analysis about the manufacturing procedures combined with the gross financials accumulated by the very best most producers working within this business. The main facet of this Autologous Stem Cell Based Therapies market thats covered in the report helps the customers and the associations to better comprehend the company profile concerning drivers, restraints, challenges, and opportunities affecting and pertaining the market dynamics.

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Key market players

Major competitors identified in this market include Regeneus, Mesoblast, Pluristem Therapeutics Inc, US STEM CELL, INC., Brainstorm Cell Therapeutics, Tigenix, Med cell Europe, etc.

Based on the Region:

Asia-Pacific (China, Japan, South Korea, India and ASEAN)

North America (US and Canada)

Europe (Germany, France, UK and Italy)

Rest of World (Latin America, Middle East & Africa)

COVID-19 has affected the Overall worldwide companies and itll have a enormous time for the company recovery. Vast majority of the business sectors have realigned their company plans, priorities, and have amended their economic planning so as to stay in the company and keep their standing on the international platform. The thorough evaluation of this Autologous Stem Cell Based Therapies market will enable the brand new market entrants to acquire reliable market approaches and strategy powerful action plans for the prediction period.

Based on the Type:

Embryonic Stem Cell

Resident Cardiac Stem Cells

Umbilical Cord Blood Stem Cells

Based on the Application:

Neurodegenerative Disorders

Autoimmune Diseases

Cardiovascular Diseases

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Important highlights of this Autologous Stem Cell Based Therapies market report:

* COVID-19 effect on the earnings Streams of the Autologous Stem Cell Based Therapies market players.

* Statistics of the overall sales quantity And general market earnings.

* Business trends breakdowns.

* Estimated expansion rate of this Autologous Stem Cell Based Therapies Market.

* In-depth Information Regarding the important Distributors, traders, and dealers.

Key Benefits of the report:

-This report provides an extensive analysis of the current and emerging market trends and dynamics in the global Autologous Stem Cell Based Therapies market.

-In-depth analysis is conducted by constructing market estimations for the key market segments between 2020 and 2027.

-This report entails the detailed quantitative analysis of the current market and estimations through 2020-2027, which assists in identifying the prevailing market opportunities.

-Extensive analysis of the market is conducted by following key product positioning and monitoring the top competitors within the market framework

-Comprehensive analysis of all regions is provided that determines the prevailing opportunities in these geographies.

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Autologous Stem Cell Based Therapies Market to Witness Increase in Revenues by 2020-2026 - PRnews Leader

Orphan Drug Designation Granted for CSL Behring’s Investigational Plasma-Derived Hemopexin Therapy for Sickle Cell Disease – PRNewswire

KING OF PRUSSIA, Pa., Nov. 2, 2020 /PRNewswire/ --Global biotherapeutics leader CSL Behring announced today that its investigational, plasma-derived hemopexin therapy (CSL889) received orphan drug designation from both the European Commission and the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) Office of Orphan Products Development for the treatment of sickle cell disease (SCD). These designations grant special status to drugs and biological products intended to treat a rare disease, affecting less than 200,000 patients in the US or affecting not more than five in 10,000 people in the European Union.

CSL889 is a form of plasma-derived hemopexin, an important, naturally occurring protein produced in the body whose levels are decreased in patients with SCD. Low levels of hemopexin have been associated with increased symptoms in SCD, particularly acute vaso-occlusive crises (VOC). VOC, the most common manifestation in SCD, are severe, debilitating episodes characterized by severe pain. There is no approved treatment for acute VOC, so episodes can only be managed with supportive measures such as fluids and pain killers.

"Having treated hundreds of adults and children living with sickle cell disease over 30 years, I'm intensely aware of the need for novel and effective therapies, especially to relieve the tremendous pain from VOC," said Professor Greg Kato, who is leading the clinical development of CSL 889 at CSL Behring. "This newly granted orphan status recognizes the urgency for progressing new treatment options into the clinic."

CSL Behring has two Phase I SCD programs poised to evolve the treatment paradigm for patients: CSL889 hemopexin therapy for the treatment of VOC and CSL200 lentiviral stem cell gene therapy for long-term disease management.

About Sickle Cell Disease

Sickle Cell Disease is a hereditary blood disorder in which red blood cells contain an abnormal type of hemoglobin, causing some of the cells to become distorted into a crescent, or sickle-shape. These misshapen red blood cells have difficulty passing through small blood vessels, slowing and blocking blood flow to areas of the body, damaging tissue that isn't receiving a normal flow of blood. Sickle Cell Disease can lead to episodes of severe pain, strokes, kidney, lung and heart problems, slow growth, vision problems and infection vulnerability. While frequency of Sickle Cell Disease varies globally, it is estimated to impact 100,000 people in the US and 1 in 10,000 persons in the European Union.

About CSL Behring

CSL Behringis a global biotherapeutics leader driven by its promise to save lives. Focused on serving patients' needs by using the latest technologies, we develop and deliver innovative therapies that are used to treat coagulation disorders, primary immune deficiencies, hereditary angioedema, respiratory disease, and neurological disorders. The company's products are also used in cardiac surgery, burn treatment and to prevent hemolytic disease of the newborn.

CSL Behring operates one of the world's largest plasma collection networks, CSL Plasma. The parent company, CSL Limited (ASX:CSL;USOTC:CSLLY), headquartered in Melbourne, Australia, employs more than 27,000 people, anddelivers its life-saving therapies to people in more than 100 countries. For inspiring stories about the promise of biotechnology, visit Vita CSLBehring.com/vita and follow us on Twitter.com/CSLBehring.

SOURCE CSL Behring

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Orphan Drug Designation Granted for CSL Behring's Investigational Plasma-Derived Hemopexin Therapy for Sickle Cell Disease - PRNewswire

Ready To Use Autologous Stem Cell Based Therapies Market Industry Analysis, Trend and Growth, 2020-2020 – Royal Sutton News

The Autologous Stem Cell Based Therapies Market report makes available Today and Forthcoming technical and financial details of this industry. Few of those chief insights of this business report include; different analysis of the market drivers & restraints, major market players engaged like industry, detailed analysis of their market segmentation & aggressive evaluation. It quotes CAGR values in percentages which help to be familiar with increase or fall occurring in the market for particular product for the particular forecast period. Global Autologous Stem Cell Based Therapies Market report also encompasses tactical profiling of important players on the market, systematic analysis of the core competencies & brings a competitive landscape for the market.

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The Autologous Stem Cell Based Therapies Market report can be employed by both Conventional and new players from the market for whole knowhow of this marketplace. The business analysis report brings into consideration important industry trends, market size, market share estimates, and revenue volume that assist industry to speculate the strategies to increase return on investment (ROI). In addition, the market document holds a considerable significance as it is all about describing market definition, classifications, software and engagements. Together with the study of competitor analysis conducted in this Autologous Stem Cell Based Therapies Market report, industry can get fluency of these plans of key players on the market which includes new product launches, expansions, arrangements, joint ventures, partnerships, and acquisitions.

Market Evaluation: Global Autologous Stem Cell Based Therapies Market

Global Autologous Stem Cell Based Therapies economy is set to see a substantial CAGR Of XX percent in the forecasted period of 2019-2026. This increase in the market can be attributed because of improvement in autoimmune identification and technology advancement in the business.

The following players are covered in this report:

Regeneus

Mesoblast

Pluristem Therapeutics Inc

US STEM CELL, INC.

Brainstorm Cell Therapeutics

Tigenix

Med cell Europe

Autologous Stem Cell Based Therapies

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Breakdown Data by Type

Embryonic Stem Cell

Resident Cardiac Stem Cells

Umbilical Cord Blood Stem Cells

Autologous Stem Cell Based Therapies Breakdown Data by Application

Neurodegenerative Disorders

Autoimmune Diseases

Cardiovascular Diseases

Table of Contents : Autologous Stem Cell Based Therapies Market

Part 01: Executive Summary

Part 02: Scope Of The Report

Part 03: Research Methodology

Part 04: Market Landscape

Part 05: Pipeline Analysis

Part 06: Market Sizing

Part 07: Five Forces Analysis

Part 08: Market Segmentation

Part 09: Customer Landscape

Part 10: Regional Landscape

Part 11: Decision Framework

Part 12: Drivers And Challenges

Part 13: Market Trends

Part 14: Vendor Landscape

Part 15: Vendor Analysis

Part 16: Appendix

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Novartis expands Kymriah manufacturing footprint with first-ever approved site for commercial CAR-T cell therapy manufacturing in Asia – GlobeNewswire

Basel, October 30, 2020 Novartis today announced the receipt of marketing authorization from Japans Ministry of Health, Labor and Welfare (MHLW) for Foundation for Biomedical Research and Innovation at Kobe ("FBRI") to manufacture and supply commercial Kymriah (tisagenlecleucel) for patients in Japan. This approval makes FBRI the first and only approved commercial manufacturing site for CAR-T cell therapy in Asia.

Behind our efforts to reimagine medicine with CAR-T cell therapy lies a commitment to build a manufacturing network that brings treatment closer to patients, commented Steffen Lang, Global Head of Novartis Technical Operations. The expertise and infrastructure of FBRI, a world-leading manufacturing organization, allows us to bring CAR-T manufacturing to Asia. With the Japan MHLW commercial manufacturing approval, the recent capacity expansion in the US and our ongoing efforts to optimize and evolve our processes, we are well-positioned to deliver this potentially curative treatment option to more patients around the world.

Novartis has the largest geographical CAR-T cell therapy manufacturing network in the world, including seven CAR-T manufacturing facilities, across four continents. Commercial manufacturing for Kymriah now takes place at five sites globally including at the Morris Plains, New Jersey facility, where the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) recently approved a further increase in manufacturing capacity.

Kymriah is the first-ever FDA-approved CAR-T cell therapy, and the first-ever CAR-T to be approved in two distinct indications. It is a one-time treatment designed to empower patients immune systems to fight their cancer. Kymriah is currently approved for the treatment of r/r pediatric and young adult (up to 25 years of age) acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), and r/r adult diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL)1. Kymriah, approved in both indications by the Japan MHLW in 2019, is currently the only CAR-T cell therapy approved in Asia. Clinical manufacturing began at FBRI in 2019 and will continue alongside commercial manufacturing.

Kymriah was developed in collaboration with the Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, a strategic alliance between industry and academia, which was first-of-its-kind in CAR-T research and development.

About Novartis Commitment to Oncology Cell & Gene Novartis has a mission to reimagine medicine by bringing curative cell & gene therapies to patients worldwide. Novartis has a deep CAR-T pipeline and ongoing investment in manufacturing and supply chain process improvements. With active research underway to broaden the impact of cell and gene therapy in oncology, Novartis is going deeper in hematological malignancies, reaching patients with other cancer types and evaluating next-generation CAR-T cell therapies that focus on new targets and utilize new technologies.

Novartis was the first pharmaceutical company to significantly invest in pioneering CAR-T research and initiate global CAR-T trials. Kymriah, the first approved CAR-T cell therapy, developed in collaboration with the Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, is the foundation of Novartis commitment to CAR-T cell therapy. Kymriah is currently approved for use in at least one indication in 26 countries and at more than 260 certified treatment centers, with the ambition for further expansion to help fulfill the ultimate goal of bringing CAR-T cell therapy to every patient in need.

The Novartis global CAR-T manufacturing footprint spans seven facilities, across four continents. This comprehensive, integrated footprint strengthens the flexibility, resilience and sustainability of the Novartis manufacturing and supply chain. Commercial and clinical trial manufacturing is now ongoing at Novartis-owned facilities in Stein, Switzerland, Les Ulis, France and Morris Plains, New Jersey, USA, as well as at the contract manufacturing sites at Fraunhofer-Institut for cell therapy and immunology (Fraunhofer-Institut fr Zelltherapie und Immunologie) facility in Leipzig, Germany, and now FBRI in Kobe, Japan. Manufacturing production at Cell Therapies in Australia and Cellular Biomedicine Group in China is forthcoming.

ImportantSafety information from the Kymriah SmPC

EU Name of the medicinal product:

Kymriah 1.2 x 106 6 x 108 cells dispersion for infusion

Important note: Before prescribing, consult full prescribing information.

Presentation: Cell dispersion for infusion in 1 or more bags for intravenous use (tisagenlecleucel).

Indications: Treatment of pediatric and young adult patients up to and including 25 years of age with B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) that is refractory, in relapse posttransplant or in second or later relapse. Treatment of adult patients with relapsed or refractory diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) after two or more lines of systemic therapy.

Dosage and administration:

B-cell patients: For patients 50 kg and below: 0.2 to 5.0 x 106 CAR-positive viable T-cells/kg body weight. For patients above 50 kg: 0.1 to 2.5 x 108 CAR-positive viable T-cells (non-weight based).

DLBCL Patients: 0.6 to 6.0108 CAR-positive viable T-cells (non-weight based).

Pretreatment conditioning (lymphodepleting chemotherapy): Lymphodepleting chemotherapy is recommended to be administered before Kymriah infusion unless the white blood cell (WBC) count within one week prior to infusion is 1,000 cells/L. The availability of Kymriah must be confirmed prior to starting the lymphodepleting regimen.

Precautions before handling or administering Kymriah: Kymriah contains genetically modified human blood cells. Healthcare professionals handling Kymriah should therefore take appropriate precautions (wearing gloves and glasses) to avoid potential transmission of infectious diseases.

Preparation for infusionThe timing of thaw of Kymriah and infusion should be coordinated. Once Kymriah has been thawed and is at room temperature (20C 25C), it should be infused within 30minutes to maintain maximum product viability, including any interruption during the infusion.

Administration Kymriah should be administered as an intravenous infusion through latexfree intravenous tubing without a leukocyte depleting filter, at approximately 10 to 20mL per minute by gravity flow. If the volume of Kymriah to be administered is 20mL, intravenous push may be used as an alternative method of administration.

All contents of the infusion bag(s) should be infused.

Clinical assessment prior to infusion: Kymriah treatment should be delayed in some patient groups at risk (see Special warnings and precautions for use).

Monitoring after infusion: Patients should be monitored daily for the first 10 days following infusion for signs and symptoms of potential cytokine release syndrome, neurological events and other toxicities. Physicians should consider hospitalisation for the first 10 days post infusion or at the first signs/symptoms of CRS and/or neurological events. After the first 10 days following the infusion, the patient should be monitored at the physicians discretion. Patients should be instructed to remain within proximity of a qualified clinical facility for at least 4 weeks following infusion.

Elderly (above 65 years of age): Safety and efficacy have not been established in B-cell patients. No dose adjustment is required in patients over 65 years of age in DLBCL patients.

Paediatric patients: No formal studies have been performed in paediatric patients with B-cell ALL below 3 years of age. The safety and efficacy of Kymriah in children and adolescents below 18 years of age have not yet been established in DLBCL. No data are available.

Patients seropositive for hepatitis B virus (HBV), hepatitis C virus (HCV), or human immunodeficiency virus (HIV): There is no experience with manufacturing Kymriah for patients with a positive test for HIV, active HBV, or active HCV infection. Leukapheresis material from these patients will not be accepted for Kymriah manufacturing.

Contraindications: Hypersensitivity to the active substance or to any of the excipients of Kymriah. Contraindications of the lymphodepleting chemotherapy must be considered.

Warnings and precautions: Reasons to delay treatment: Due to the risks associated with Kymriah treatment, infusion should be delayed if a patient has any of the following conditions: Unresolved serious adverse reactions (especially pulmonary reactions, cardiac reactions or hypotension) from preceding chemotherapies, active uncontrolled infection, active graft versus host disease (GVHD), significant clinical worsening of leukaemia burden or rapid progression of lymphoma following lymphodepleting chemotherapy. Blood, organ, tissue and cell donation: Patients treated with Kymriah should not donate blood, organs, tissues or cells.

Active central nervous system (CNS) leukaemia or lymphoma: There is limited experience of use of Kymriah in patients with active CNS leukaemia and active CNS lymphoma. Therefore the risk/benefit of Kymriah has not been established in these populations. Risk of CRS: Occurred in almost all cases within 1 to 10 days post infusion with a median time to onset of 3 days and a median time to resolution of8 days. See full prescribing information for management algorithm of CRS. Risk of neurological events: Majority of events, in particular encephalopathy, confusional state or delirium, occurred within 8 weeks post infusion and were transient. The median time to onset of neurological events was 8 days in B-cell ALL and 6 days in DLBCL; the median time to resolution was 7 days for B-cell ALL and 13 days for DLBCL. Patients should be monitored for neurological events. Risk of infections: Delay start of therapy with Kymriah until active uncontrolled infections have resolved. As appropriate, administer prophylactic antibiotics and employ surveillance testing prior to and during treatment with Kymriah. Serious infections were observed in patients, some of which were life threatening or fatal. After Kymriah administration observe patient and ensure prompt management in case of signs of infection Risk of febrile neutropenia: Frequently observed after Kymriah infusion, may be concurrent with CRS. Appropriate management necessary. Risk of prolonged cytopenias: Appropriate management necessary. Prolonged cytopenia has been associated with increased risk of infections. Myeloid growth factors, particularly granulocyte macrophage colony stimulating factor (GM CSF), not recommended during the first 3 weeks after Kymriah infusion or until CRS has been resolved. Risk of secondary malignancies: Patients treated with Kymriah may develop secondary malignancies or recurrence of their cancer and should be monitored lifelong for secondary malignancies. Risk of hypogammaglobulinemia or agammaglobulinemia: Infection precautions, antibiotic prophylaxis and immunoglobulin replacement should be managed per age and standard guidelines. In patients with low immunoglobulin levels preemptive measures such as immunoglobulin replacement and rapid attention to signs and symptoms of infection should be implemented. Live vaccines: The safety of immunisation with live viral vaccines during or following Kymriah treatment was not studied. Vaccination with live virus vaccines is not recommended at least 6 weeks prior to the start of lymphodepleting chemotherapy, during Kymriah treatment, and until immune recovery following treatment with Kymriah. Risk of tumor lysis syndrome (TLS): Patients with elevated uric acid or high tumor burden should receive allopurinol or alternative prophylaxis prior to Kymriah infusion. Continued monitoring for TLS following Kymriah administration should also be performed. Concomitant disease: Patients with a history of active CNS disorder or inadequate renal, hepatic, pulmonary or cardiac function are likely to be more vulnerable to the consequences of the adverse reactions of Kymriah and require special attention. Prior stem cell transplantation: Kymriah infusion is not recommended within 4 months of undergoing an allogeneic stem cell transplant (SCT) because of potential risk of worsening GVHD. Leukapheresis for Kymriah manufacturing should be performed at least 12weeks after allogeneic SCT. Serological testing: There is currently no experience with manufacturing Kymriah for patients testing positive for HBV, HCV and HIV. Screening for HBV, HCV and HIV, must be performed before collection of cells for manufacturing. Hepatitis B virus (HBV) reactivation, can occur in patients treated with medicinal products directed against B cells and could result in fulminant hepatitis, hepatic failure and death. Prior treatment with anti CD19 therapy: There is limited experience with Kymriah in patients exposed to prior CD19 directed therapy. Kymriah is not recommended if the patient has relapsed with CD19 negative leukaemia after prior anti-CD19 therapy. Interference with serological testing: Due to limited and short spans of identical genetic information between the lentiviral vector used to create Kymriah and HIV, some commercial HIV nucleic acid tests (NAT) may give a false positive result. Sodium and potassium content: This medicinal product contains 24.3 to 121.5mg sodium per dose, equivalent to 1 to 6% of the WHO recommended maximum daily intake of 2g sodium for an adult. This medicinal product contains potassium, less than 1mmol (39mg) per dose, i.e. essentially potassium free. Content of dextran 40 and dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO): Contains 11 mg dextran 40 and 82.5 mg dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) per mL. Each of these excipients are known to possibly cause anaphylactic reaction following parenteral administration. Patients not previously exposed to dextran and DMSO should be observed closely during the first minutes of the infusion period.

Interaction with other medicinal products and other forms of interaction

Live vaccines: The safety of immunisation with live viral vaccines during or following Kymriah treatment has not been studied. Vaccination with live virus vaccines is not recommended for at least 6 weeks prior to the start of lymphodepleting chemotherapy, during Kymriah treatment, and until immune recovery following treatment with Kymriah.

Fertility, pregnancy and lactation

Women of childbearing potential/Contraception in males and females: Pregnancy status for females of reproductive potential should be verified prior to starting treatment with Kymriah. Consider the need for effective contraception in patients who receive the lymphodepleting chemotherapy. There are insufficient exposure data to provide a recommendation concerning duration of contraception following treatment with Kymriah.

Pregnancy: There are no data from the use of Kymriah in pregnant women. It is not known whether Kymriah has the potential to be transferred to the foetus via the placenta and could cause foetal toxicity, including B cell lymphocytopenia. Kymriah is not recommended during pregnancy and in women of childbearing potential not using contraception. Pregnant women should be advised on the potential risks to the foetus. Pregnancy after Kymriah therapy should be discussed with the treating physician. Pregnant women who have received Kymriah may have hypogammaglobulinaemia. Assessment of immunoglobulin levels is indicated in newborns of mothers treated with Kymriah.

Breast feeding: It is unknown whether Kymriah cells are excreted in human milk, a risk to the breast fed infant cannot be excluded. Women who are breast feeding should be advised of the potential risk to the breast fed infant. Breast-feeding should be discussed with the treating physician.

Fertility: There are no data on the effect of Kymriah on fertility.

Effects on ability to drive and use machinesDriving and engaging in hazardous activities in the 8 weeks following infusion should be refrained due to risks for altered or decreased consciousness or coordination.

Adverse drug reactions:

B-Cell ALL patients and DLBCL patients:

Very common (10%): Infections - pathogen unspecified, viral infections, bacterial infections, fungal infections, anaemia, haemorrhage, febrile neutropenia, neutropenia, thrombocytopenia, cytokine release syndrome, hypogammaglobulinaemia, decreased appetite, hypokalaemia, hypophosphataemia, hypomagnesaemia, hypocalcaemia, anxiety, delirium, sleep disorder, headache, encephalopathy, arrhythmia, hypotension, hypertension, cough, dyspnoea, hypoxia, diarrhoea, nausea, vomiting, constipation, abdominal pain, rash, arthralgia, acute kidney injury, pyrexia, fatigue, oedema, pain, chills, lymphocyte count decreased, white blood cell count decreased, haemoglobin decreased, neutrophil count decreased, platelet count decreased, aspartate aminotransferase increased.

Common (1 to 10%): Haemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis, leukopenia, pancytopenia, coagulopathy, lymphopenia, infusion-related reactions, graft versus host disease, hypoalbuminaemia, hyperglycaemia, hyponatraemia, hyperuricaemia, fluid overload, hypercalcemia, tumor lysis syndrome, hyperkalaemia, hyperphosphataemia, hypernatraemia, hypermagnesaemia, dizziness, peripheral neuropathy, tremor, motor dysfunction, seizure, speech disorder, neuralgia, ataxia, visual impairment, cardiac failure, cardiac arrest, thrombosis, capillary leak syndrome, oropharyngeal pain, pulmonary oedema, nasal congestion, pleural effusion, tachypnea, acute respiratory distress syndrome, stomatitis, abdominal distension, dry mouth, ascites, hyperbilirubinaemia, pruritus, erythema, hyperhidrosis, night sweats, back pain, myalgia, muscolosceletal pain, influenza-like illness, asthenia, multiple organ dysfunction syndrome, alanine aminotransferase increased, blood bilirubin increased, weight decreased, serum ferritin increased, blood fibrinogen decreased, international normalized ratio increased, fibrin D dimer increased, activated partial thromboplastin time prolonged, blood alkaline phosphate increased, prothrombin time prolonged.

Uncommon: B-cell aplasia, ischaemic cerebral infarction, flushing, lung infiltration.

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DisclaimerThis press release contains forward-looking statements within the meaning of the United States Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. Forward-looking statements can generally be identified by words such as potential, can, will, plan, may, could, would, expect, anticipate, seek, look forward, believe, committed, investigational, pipeline, launch, or similar terms, or by express or implied discussions regarding potential marketing approvals, new indications or labeling for the investigational or approved products described in this press release, or regarding potential future revenues from such products. You should not place undue reliance on these statements. Such forward-looking statements are based on our current beliefs and expectations regarding future events, and are subject to significant known and unknown risks and uncertainties. Should one or more of these risks or uncertainties materialize, or should underlying assumptions prove incorrect, actual results may vary materially from those set forth in the forward-looking statements. There can be no guarantee that the investigational or approved products described in this press release will be submitted or approved for sale or for any additional indications or labeling in any market, or at any particular time. Nor can there be any guarantee that such products will be commercially successful in the future. In particular, our expectations regarding such products could be affected by, among other things, the uncertainties inherent in research and development, including clinical trial results and additional analysis of existing clinical data; regulatory actions or delays or government regulation generally; global trends toward health care cost containment, including government, payor and general public pricing and reimbursement pressures and requirements for increased pricing transparency; our ability to obtain or maintain proprietary intellectual property protection; the particular prescribing preferences of physicians and patients; general political, economic and business conditions, including the effects of and efforts to mitigate pandemic diseases such as COVID-19; safety, quality, data integrity or manufacturing issues; potential or actual data security and data privacy breaches, or disruptions of our information technology systems, and other risks and factors referred to in Novartis AGs current Form 20-F on file with the US Securities and Exchange Commission. Novartis is providing the information in this press release as of this date and does not undertake any obligation to update any forward-looking statements contained in this press release as a result of new information, future events or otherwise.

About NovartisNovartis is reimagining medicine to improve and extend peoples lives. As a leading global medicines company, we use innovative science and digital technologies to create transformative treatments in areas of great medical need. In our quest to find new medicines, we consistently rank among the worlds top companies investing in research and development. Novartis products reach nearly 800 million people globally and we are finding innovative ways to expand access to our latest treatments. About 110,000 people of more than 140 nationalities work at Novartis around the world. Find out more at https://www.novartis.com.

Novartis is on Twitter. Sign up to follow @Novartis at https://twitter.com/novartisnewsFor Novartis multimedia content, please visithttps://www.novartis.com/news/media-libraryFor questions about the site or required registration, please contact media.relations@novartis.com

References

1.Kymriah (tisagenlecleucel) Summary of Product Characteristics (SmPC), 2018.

# # #

Novartis Media RelationsE-mail: media.relations@novartis.com

Novartis Investor RelationsCentral investor relations line: +41 61 324 7944E-mail: investor.relations@novartis.com

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Novartis expands Kymriah manufacturing footprint with first-ever approved site for commercial CAR-T cell therapy manufacturing in Asia - GlobeNewswire

Regenerative Medicine Market Poised to Garner Maximum Revenues During 2025 – The Think Curiouser

Regenerative medicine is a part of translational research in the fields of molecular biology and tissue engineering. This type of medicine involves replacing and regenerating human cells, organs, and tissues with the help of specific processes. Doing this may involve a partial or complete reengineering of human cells so that they start to function normally.

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Regenerative medicine also involves the attempts to grow tissues and organs in a laboratory environment, wherein they can be put in a body that cannot heal a particular part. Such implants are mainly preferred to be derived from the patients own tissues and cells, particularly stem cells. Looking at the promising nature of stem cells to heal and regenerative various parts of the body, this field is certainly expected to see a bright future. Doing this can help avoid opting for organ donation, thus saving costs. Some healthcare centers might showcase a shortage of organ donations, and this is where tissues regenerated using patients own cells are highly helpful.

There are several source materials from which regeneration can be facilitated. Extracellular matrix materials are commonly used source substances all over the globe. They are mainly used for reconstructive surgery, chronic wound healing, and orthopedic surgeries. In recent times, these materials have also been used in heart surgeries, specifically aimed at repairing damaged portions.

Cells derived from the umbilical cord also have the potential to be used as source material for bringing about regeneration in a patient. A vast research has also been conducted in this context. Treatment of diabetes, organ failure, and other chronic diseases is highly possible by using cord blood cells. Apart from these cells, Whartons jelly and cord lining have also been shortlisted as possible sources for mesenchymal stem cells. Extensive research has conducted to study how these cells can be used to treat lung diseases, lung injury, leukemia, liver diseases, diabetes, and immunity-based disorders, among others.

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Global Regenerative Medicine Market: Overview

The global market for regenerative medicine market is expected to grow at a significant pace throughout the forecast period. The rising preference of patients for personalized medicines and the advancements in technology are estimated to accelerate the growth of the global regenerative medicine market in the next few years. As a result, this market is likely to witness a healthy growth and attract a large number of players in the next few years. The development of novel regenerative medicine is estimated to benefit the key players and supplement the markets growth in the near future.

Global Regenerative Medicine Market: Key Trends

The rising prevalence of chronic diseases and the rising focus on cell therapy products are the key factors that are estimated to fuel the growth of the global regenerative medicine market in the next few years. In addition, the increasing funding by government bodies and development of new and innovative products are anticipated to supplement the growth of the overall market in the next few years.

On the flip side, the ethical challenges in the stem cell research are likely to restrict the growth of the global regenerative medicine market throughout the forecast period. In addition, the stringent regulatory rules and regulations are predicted to impact the approvals of new products, thus hampering the growth of the overall market in the near future.

Global Regenerative Medicine Market: Market Potential

The growing demand for organ transplantation across the globe is anticipated to boost the demand for regenerative medicines in the next few years. In addition, the rapid growth in the geriatric population and the significant rise in the global healthcare expenditure is predicted to encourage the growth of the market. The presence of a strong pipeline is likely to contribute towards the markets growth in the near future.

Global Regenerative Medicine Market: Regional Outlook

In the past few years, North America led the global regenerative medicine market and is likely to remain in the topmost position throughout the forecast period. This region is expected to account for a massive share of the global market, owing to the rising prevalence of cancer, cardiac diseases, and autoimmunity. In addition, the rising demand for regenerative medicines from the U.S. and the rising government funding are some of the other key aspects that are likely to fuel the growth of the North America market in the near future.

Furthermore, Asia Pacific is expected to register a substantial growth rate in the next few years. The high growth of this region can be attributed to the availability of funding for research and the development of research centers. In addition, the increasing contribution from India, China, and Japan is likely to supplement the growth of the market in the near future.

Global Regenerative Medicine Market: Competitive Analysis

The global market for regenerative medicines is extremely fragmented and competitive in nature, thanks to the presence of a large number of players operating in it. In order to gain a competitive edge in the global market, the key players in the market are focusing on technological developments and research and development activities. In addition, the rising number of mergers and acquisitions and collaborations is likely to benefit the prominent players in the market and encourage the overall growth in the next few years.

Some of the key players operating in the regenerative medicine market across the globe are Vericel Corporation, Japan Tissue Engineering Co., Ltd., Stryker Corporation, Acelity L.P. Inc. (KCI Licensing), Organogenesis Inc., Medtronic PLC, Cook Biotech Incorporated, Osiris Therapeutics, Inc., Integra Lifesciences Corporation, and Nuvasive, Inc. A large number of players are anticipated to enter the global market throughout the forecast period.

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Regenerative Medicine Market Poised to Garner Maximum Revenues During 2025 - The Think Curiouser

The role of induction therapy before autologous stem cell transplantation in low disease burden AL amyloidosis patients – DocWire News

This article was originally published here

Amyloid. 2020 Oct 21:1-9. doi: 10.1080/13506129.2020.1835635. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Induction therapy is recommended before autologous stem cell transplantation (ASCT) for AL amyloidosis patients with high disease burden [bone marrow plasma cells (BMPCs) > 10%], but the role of induction therapy before ASCT in patients with low disease burden (BMPCs 10%) is still unknown.

METHODS: A total of 227 patients with AL amyloidosis were included in this study. Among 227 patients, 124 patients received bortezomib-based induction prior to ASCT and were defined as group A, 35 patients received other chemotherapeutic induction and were defined as group B, and the other 68 patients without induction were defined as group C. We compared the differences of efficacy and prognosis between the three groups.

RESULTS: The haematological overall response rates (ORR) of groups A, B and C were 91%, 67% and 75%, respectively. The complete response rates (CR) of groups A, B and C were 50%, 25% and 20%, respectively. Both the ORR and CR rates of group A were significantly higher than those of groups B and C. The renal response rates of groups A, B and C were 64%, 46% and 47%, respectively. The cardiac response rates of groups A, B and C were 74%, 45% and 40%, respectively. The renal and cardiac responses rates of group A were also significantly higher than those of the other two groups. After a median follow-up of 44 months, the median OS was not reached. The 5-year estimated overall survival (OS) rates of groups A, B and C were 81%, 57% and 67%, respectively. The median progression-free survival (PFS) was 83 months for all patients. The 5-year estimated PFS rates of groups A, B and C were 61%, 38% and 49%, respectively. Both the OS and PFS of group A were higher than those of both group B and group C. On multivariate analysis, baseline dFLC > 50 mg/L was associated with worse survival, but induction with bortezomib was associated with better survival.

CONCLUSION: Our study demonstrated that low disease burden AL patients who are eligible for ASCT may benefit from bortezomib-based induction therapy.

PMID:33084412 | DOI:10.1080/13506129.2020.1835635

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COVID-19 can affect the heart – Science Magazine

The family of seven known human coronaviruses are known for their impact on the respiratory tract, not the heart. However, the most recent coronavirus, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), has marked tropism for the heart and can lead to myocarditis (inflammation of the heart), necrosis of its cells, mimicking of a heart attack, arrhythmias, and acute or protracted heart failure (muscle dysfunction). These complications, which at times are the only features of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) clinical presentation, have occurred even in cases with mild symptoms and in people who did not experience any symptoms. Recent findings of heart involvement in young athletes, including sudden death, have raised concerns about the current limits of our knowledge and potentially high risk and occult prevalence of COVID-19 heart manifestations.

The four common cold human coronavirusesHCoV-229E, HCoV-NL63, HCoV-OC43, and HCoV-HKU1have not been associated with heart abnormalities. There were isolated reports of patients with Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS; caused by MERS-CoV) with myocarditis and a limited number of case series of cardiac disease in patients with SARS (caused by SARS-CoV) (1). Therefore, a distinct feature of SARS-CoV-2 is its more extensive cardiac involvement, which may also be a consequence of the pandemic and the exposure of tens of millions of people to the virus.

What appears to structurally differentiate SARS-CoV-2 from SARS is a furin polybasic site that, when cleaved, broadens the types of cells (tropism) that the virus can infect (2). The virus targets the angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptor throughout the body, facilitating cell entry by way of its spike protein, along with the cooperation of the cellular serine protease transmembrane protease serine 2 (TMPRSS2), heparan sulfate, and other proteases (3). The heart is one of the many organs with high expression of ACE2. Moreover, the affinity of SARS-CoV-2 to ACE2 is significantly greater than that of SARS (4). The tropism to other organs beyond the lungs has been studied from autopsy specimens: SARS-CoV-2 genomic RNA was highest in the lungs, but the heart, kidney, and liver also showed substantial amounts, and copies of the virus were detected in the heart from 16 of 22 patients who died (5). In an autopsy series of 39 patients dying from COVID-19, the virus was not detectable in the myocardium in 38% of patients, whereas 31% had a high viral load above 1000 copies in the heart (6).

Accordingly, SARS-CoV-2 infection can damage the heart both directly and indirectly (see the figure). SARS-CoV-2 exhibited a striking ability to infect cardiomyocytes derived from induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) in vitro, leading to a distinctive pattern of heart muscle cell fragmentation, with complete dissolution of the contractile machinery (7). Some of these findings were verified from patient autopsy specimens. In another iPSC study, SARS-CoV-2 infection led to apoptosis and cessation of beating within 72 hours of exposure (8). Besides directly infecting heart muscle cells, viral entry has been documented in the endothelial cells that line the blood vessels to the heart and multiple vascular beds. A secondary immune response to the infected heart and endothelial cells (endothelitis) is just one dimension of many potential indirect effects. These include dysregulation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system that modulates blood pressure, and activation of a proinflammatory response involving platelets, neutrophils, macrophages, and lymphocytes, with release of cytokines and a prothrombotic state. A propensity for clotting, both in the microvasculature and large vessels, has been reported in multiple autopsy series and in young COVID-19 patients with strokes.

There is a diverse spectrum of cardiovascular manifestations, ranging from limited necrosis of heart cells (causing injury), to myocarditis, to cardiogenic shock (an often fatal inability to pump sufficient blood). Cardiac injury, as reflected by concentrations of troponin (a cardiac musclespecific enzyme) in the blood, is common with COVID-19, occurring in at least one in five hospitalized patients and more than half of those with preexisting heart conditions. Such myocardial injury is a risk factor for in-hospital mortality, and troponin concentration correlates with risk of mortality. Furthermore, patients with higher troponin amounts have markers of increased inflammation [including C-reactive protein, interleukin-6 (IL-6), ferritin, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), and high neutrophil count] and heart dysfunction (amino-terminal pro-Btype natriuretic peptide) (9).

More worrisome than the pattern of limited injury is myocarditis: diffuse inflammation of the heart, usually representing a variable admixture of injury and the inflammatory response to the injury that can extend throughout the three layers of the human heart to the pericardium (which surrounds the heart). Unlike SARS-associated myocarditis, which did not exhibit lymphocyte infiltration, this immune and inflammatory response is a typical finding at autopsy after SARS-CoV-2 infections. Involvement of myocytes, which orchestrate electrical conduction, can result in conduction block and malignant ventricular arrhythmias, both of which can lead to cardiac arrest.

Along with such in-hospital arrythmias, there have been reports of increased out-of-hospital cardiac arrest and sudden death in multiple geographic regions of high COVID-19 spread, such as the 77% increase in Lombardy, Italy, compared with the prior year (10). There have been many reports of myocarditis simulating a heart attack, owing to the cluster of chest pain symptoms, an abnormal electrocardiogram, and increased cardiac-specific enzymes in the blood, even in patients as young as a 16-year-old boy. When there is extensive and diffuse heart muscle damage, heart failure, acute cor pulmonale (right heart failure and possible pulmonary emboli), and cardiogenic shock can occur.

COVID-19associated heart dysfunction can also be attributed to other pathways, including Takotsubo syndrome (also called stress cardiomyopathy), ischemia from endothelitis and related atherosclerotic plaque rupture with thrombosis, and the multisystem inflammatory syndrome of children (MIS-C). The underlying mechanism of stress cardiomyopathy is poorly understood but has markedly increased during the pandemic. MIS-C is thought to be immune-mediated and manifests with a spectrum of cardiovascular features, including vasculitis, coronary artery aneurysms, and cardiogenic shock. This syndrome is not exclusive to children because the same clinical features have been the subject of case reports in adults, such as in a 45-year-old man (11).

Recent series of COVID-19 patients undergoing magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) or echocardiography of the heart have provided some new insights about cardiac involvement (1214). In a cohort of 100 patients recovered from COVID-19, 78 had cardiac abnormalities, including 12 of 18 patients without any symptoms, and 60 had ongoing myocardial inflammation, which is consistent with myocarditis (12). The majority of more than 1200 patients in a large prospective cohort with COVID-19 had echocardiographic abnormalities (13). This raises concerns about whether there is far more prevalent heart involvement than has been anticipated, especially because at least 30 to 40% of SARS-CoV-2 infections occur without symptoms. Such individuals may have underlying cardiac pathology.

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection has the potential to directly and indirectly induce cardiac damage.

To date, there have been four small series of asymptomatic individuals with bona fide infections who underwent chest computed tomography (CT) scans to determine whether there were lung abnormalities consistent with COVID-19. Indeed, half of the asymptomatic people showed lung CT features that were seen in patients with symptoms. But so far, there have been minimal cardiac imaging studies in people who test positive for SARS-CoV-2 or are seropositive but without symptoms. Furthermore, the time course of resolution or persistence of any organ abnormalities after SARS-CoV-2 infection has not yet been reported. With a high proportion of silent infections despite concurrent evidence of internal organ damage, there is a fundamental and large hole in our knowledge base.

In contrast to people without symptoms, there is a substantial proportion of people who suffer a long-standing, often debilitating illness, called long-COVID. Typical symptoms include fatigue, difficulty in breathing, chest pain, and abnormal heart rhythm. An immunologic basis is likely but has yet to be determined. Nor have such patients undergone systematic cardiovascular assessment for possible myocarditis or other heart abnormalities, such as fibrosis, which could account for some of the enduring symptoms. It would not be surprising in the future for patients to present with cardiomyopathy of unknown etiology and test positive for SARS-CoV-2 antibodies. However, attributing such cardiomyopathy to the virus may be difficult given the high prevalence of infections, and ultimately a biopsy might be necessary to identify virus particles to support causality.

Cardiac involvement in athletes has further elevated the concerns. A 27-year-old professional basketball player, recovered from COVID-19, experienced sudden death during training. Several college athletes have been found to have myocarditis (14), including 4 of 26 (15%) in a prospective study from Ohio State University (15), along with one of major league baseball's top pitchers. Collectively, these young, healthy individuals had mild COVID-19 but were subsequently found to have unsuspected cardiac pathology. This same demographic groupyoung and healthyare the most common to lack symptoms after SARS-CoV-2 infections, which raises the question of how many athletes have occult cardiac disease? Systematic assessment of athletes who test positive for SARS-CoV-2, irrespective of symptoms, with suitable controls through some form of cardiac imaging and arrhythmia screening seems prudent until more is understood.

The most intriguing question that arises is why do certain individuals have a propensity for heart involvement after SARS-CoV-2 infection? Once recognized a few months into the pandemic, the expectation was that cardiac involvement would chiefly occur in patients with severe COVID-19. Clearly, it is more common than anticipated, but the true incidence is unknown. It is vital to determine what drives this pathogenesis. Whether it represents an individual's inflammatory response, an autoimmune phenomenon, or some other explanation needs to be clarified. Beyond preventing SARS-CoV-2 infections, the goal of averting cardiovascular involvement is paramount. The marked heterogeneity of COVID-19, ranging from lack of symptoms to fatality, is poorly understood. A newly emerged virus, widely circulating throughout the human population, with a panoply of disease manifestations, all too often occult, has made this especially daunting to unravel.

Acknowledgments: E.J.T. is supported by National Institutes of Health grant UL1 TR001114.

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COVID-19 can affect the heart - Science Magazine

Stem Cell Assay Market expected to Witness a Sustainable Growth over 2025 – TechnoWeekly

Stem Cell Assay Market: Snapshot

Stem cell assay refers to the procedure of measuring the potency of antineoplastic drugs, on the basis of their capability of retarding the growth of human tumor cells. The assay consists of qualitative or quantitative analysis or testing of affected tissues andtumors, wherein their toxicity, impurity, and other aspects are studied.

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With the growing number of successfulstem cell therapytreatment cases, the global market for stem cell assays will gain substantial momentum. A number of research and development projects are lending a hand to the growth of the market. For instance, the University of Washingtons Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine (ISCRM) has attempted to manipulate stem cells to heal eye, kidney, and heart injuries. A number of diseases such as Alzheimers, spinal cord injury, Parkinsons, diabetes, stroke, retinal disease, cancer, rheumatoid arthritis, and neurological diseases can be successfully treated via stem cell therapy. Therefore, stem cell assays will exhibit growing demand.

Another key development in the stem cell assay market is the development of innovative stem cell therapies. In April 2017, for instance, the first participant in an innovative clinical trial at the University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health was successfully treated with stem cell therapy. CardiAMP, the investigational therapy, has been designed to direct a large dose of the patients own bone-marrow cells to the point of cardiac injury, stimulating the natural healing response of the body.

Newer areas of application in medicine are being explored constantly. Consequently, stem cell assays are likely to play a key role in the formulation of treatments of a number of diseases.

Global Stem Cell Assay Market: Overview

The increasing investment in research and development of novel therapeutics owing to the rising incidence of chronic diseases has led to immense growth in the global stem cell assay market. In the next couple of years, the market is expected to spawn into a multi-billion dollar industry as healthcare sector and governments around the world increase their research spending.

The report analyzes the prevalent opportunities for the markets growth and those that companies should capitalize in the near future to strengthen their position in the market. It presents insights into the growth drivers and lists down the major restraints. Additionally, the report gauges the effect of Porters five forces on the overall stem cell assay market.

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Global Stem Cell Assay Market: Key Market Segments

For the purpose of the study, the report segments the global stem cell assay market based on various parameters. For instance, in terms of assay type, the market can be segmented into isolation and purification, viability, cell identification, differentiation, proliferation, apoptosis, and function. By kit, the market can be bifurcated into human embryonic stem cell kits and adult stem cell kits. Based on instruments, flow cytometer, cell imaging systems, automated cell counter, and micro electrode arrays could be the key market segments.

In terms of application, the market can be segmented into drug discovery and development, clinical research, and regenerative medicine and therapy. The growth witnessed across the aforementioned application segments will be influenced by the increasing incidence of chronic ailments which will translate into the rising demand for regenerative medicines. Finally, based on end users, research institutes and industry research constitute the key market segments.

The report includes a detailed assessment of the various factors influencing the markets expansion across its key segments. The ones holding the most lucrative prospects are analyzed, and the factors restraining its trajectory across key segments are also discussed at length.

Global Stem Cell Assay Market: Regional Analysis

Regionally, the market is expected to witness heightened demand in the developed countries across Europe and North America. The increasing incidence of chronic ailments and the subsequently expanding patient population are the chief drivers of the stem cell assay market in North America. Besides this, the market is also expected to witness lucrative opportunities in Asia Pacific and Rest of the World.

Global Stem Cell Assay Market: Vendor Landscape

A major inclusion in the report is the detailed assessment of the markets vendor landscape. For the purpose of the study the report therefore profiles some of the leading players having influence on the overall market dynamics. It also conducts SWOT analysis to study the strengths and weaknesses of the companies profiled and identify threats and opportunities that these enterprises are forecast to witness over the course of the reports forecast period.

Some of the most prominent enterprises operating in the global stem cell assay market are Bio-Rad Laboratories, Inc (U.S.), Thermo Fisher Scientific Inc. (U.S.), GE Healthcare (U.K.), Hemogenix Inc. (U.S.), Promega Corporation (U.S.), Bio-Techne Corporation (U.S.), Merck KGaA (Germany), STEMCELL Technologies Inc. (CA), Cell Biolabs, Inc. (U.S.), and Cellular Dynamics International, Inc. (U.S.).

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